| Canada | 24 | 17 | 24 | 7 | 19 | 27 | 8 |
| France | 18 | 19 | 30 | 5 | 20 | 31 | 5 |
| Germany1 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 12 |
| Italy1 | — | 16 | 23 | 9 | 16 | 23 | 9 |
| United Kingdom2 | 12 | 15 | 22 | 6 | 15 | 22 | 6 |
| United States | 24 | 25 | 36 | 11 | 27 | 36 | 12 |
| — Not available. |
| 1Data on doctoral students are missing for 1999 and 2001. |
| 2The United Kingdom includes England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. |
| NOTE: These countries were selected for comparison because they are relatively similar to the United States in their economic development and because they are among the Group of Seven (G-7) countries. Higher education refers to International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) level 5A (academic higher eduation–first stage), 5B (technical and vocational higher education), and 6 (academic higher education-second stage/doctoral studies). |
| SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Education Database, 2001, unpublished data, and U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Survey (CPS), October, various years, unpublished tabulations. |