• Introduction
• Employees in Title IV Institutions
• Faculty in Title IV Degree-Granting Institutions
• Salaries of Full-Time Instructional Faculty

This report presents findings from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) winter 2001–02 data collection that included both race/gender information for staff employed in fall 2001 and salaries and fringe benefits of full-time instructional faculty¹ for academic year 2001–02. IPEDS also introduced a new component during the winter 2001–02 collection, Employees by Assigned Position. Response to this component was optional for the first year, so these data are not included in this report. The data included in this publication were collected through the IPEDS web-based data collection system.

IPEDS collects data from postsecondary institutions in the United States (the 50 states and the District of Columbia) and its outlying areas.² IPEDS defines a postsecondary institution as an organization that is open to the public and has a primary mission of providing education or training beyond the high school level. This includes institutions that offer academic, vocational, and continuing professional education programs and excludes institutions that offer only avocational (leisure) and adult basic education programs.

Participation in IPEDS is a requirement for the 6,696 institutions³ that participated in Title IV federal student financial aid programs such as Pell Grants or Stafford Loans during the 2001–02 academic year.⁴ In addition, institutions that do not participate in Title IV programs are offered the opportunity to participate in the IPEDS data collection. IPEDS does not collect fall staff and salaries data from all Title IV institutions. Title IV institutions that employ 15 or more full-time staff are required to complete the Fall Staff component of IPEDS. For 2001–02, 4,763 institutions were required to complete the Fall Staff component. Moreover, the collection of salaries data is limited to Title IV 4-year institutions⁵ (both degree-granting and non-degree-granting) and 2-year degree-granting institutions. In addition, institutions are not required to respond to the Salaries component if all instructional faculty are part time or if all contribute their services, are in the military, or teach clinical or preclinical medicine. For 2001-02, 4,143 institutions were required to complete the Salaries component. There were 4,990 Title IV institutions that were required to complete the Fall Staff and/or the Salaries component.

Tabulations in this report present selected data collected during the winter 2001–02 IPEDS collection about faculty and staff employed at Title IV institutions⁶ in the United States. Degree-granting institutions (those offering associate's, bachelor's, master's, doctor's, and first-professional degrees) are displayed separately in some tables.

In fall 2001, Title IV institutions in the United States employed more than 3.1 million individuals (table A). Two-thirds of all staff (66 percent) were employed full time and 53 percent were women. Faculty⁷ constituted 36 percent of all employees, other professional staff⁸ accounted for 33 percent, and the remaining 31 percent were nonprofessional staff.⁹

Considering institution control, patterns similar to those for Title IV institutions as a whole were observed at public institutions and private not-for-profit institutions, where approximately 53 percent of employees were women, 36 percent were faculty, and 33 percent were other professional staff. The percentage of staff employed full time differed somewhat: 64 percent of staff at public institutions were employed full time, whereas at private not-for-profit institutions, 72 percent were full time. At private for-profit institutions, a greater proportion of staff were faculty (53 percent) and a smaller proportion were nonprofessional (16 percent) than at public or private not-for-profit institutions. Also at private for-profit institutions, a larger proportion of staff, 41 percent, were employed part time than at public or private not-for-profit institutions.

About 1.14 million faculty were employed in Title IV institutions in fall 2001. Of these, about 55 percent were employed full time and 45 percent were employed part time (table B). More men than women were employed as faculty in 2001, 58 percent compared to 42 percent. Of the 1.14 million faculty employed in all Title IV institutions, 1.11 million were employed in degree-granting institutions.

Considering only Title IV degree-granting institutions, there were about 618,000 full-time faculty employed in fall 2001 (table C). More men than women were employed as full-time faculty (62 percent and 38 percent, respectively). This proportion varied somewhat by length of contract; men constituted 51 percent of full-time faculty with less-than-9-month contracts, 60 percent of full-time faculty with 9/10-month contracts, and 65 percent of full-time faculty with 11/12-month contracts.

The majority of full-time faculty at Title IV degree-granting institutions were White, non-Hispanic (about 81 percent), while 15 percent were minority, 3 percent were nonresident aliens, and 1 percent were race/ethnicity unknown. These proportions varied somewhat for faculty with 9/10-month contracts and faculty with 11/12-month contracts; however, for faculty with less-than-9-month contracts, the proportions have been affected by the high percentage (16 percent) reported as race/ethnicity unknown.

About 45 percent, or 278,825, of all full-time faculty at Title IV degree-granting institutions were tenured in fall 2001 (table D). A greater proportion of men had tenure than women. Approximately one-half, 51 percent, of male full-time faculty had tenure, while 36 percent of female full-time faculty had tenure. Similarly, a greater proportion of full-time faculty at 4-year public and private not-for-profit institutions had tenure than at 4-year private for-profit institutions. About 49 percent of full-time faculty at 4-year public institutions and 42 percent of faculty at 4-year private not-for-profit institutions had tenure, while only 4 percent of faculty at 4-year private for-profit institutions had tenure. At public 2-year degree-granting institutions, 44 percent of full-time faculty had tenure, while 9 percent were tenured at 2-year private not-for-profit institutions, and 5 percent were tenured at 2-year private for-profit institutions.

Table B. Faculty in all Title IV institutions, by degree-granting status, gender, employment status, and control of institution: United States, fall 2001

NOTE: Faculty include those staff whose principal activity is instruction, research, or public service. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2001–02.

Table C. Full-time faculty in Title IV degree-granting institutions, by contract length, gender, and race/ethnicity: United States, fall 2001

Gender and race/ethnicity	Total		Less-than-9-month contracts		9/10-month contracts		11/12-month contracts
	Number	Percent	Number	Percent	Number	Percent	Number	Percent
Total	617,868	100.0	7,063	100.0	423,800	100.0	187,005	100.0
Men	380,485	61.6	3,600	51.0	256,091	60.4	120,794	64.6
Women	237,383	38.4	3,463	49.0	167,709	39.6	66,211	35.4
White, non-Hispanic	499,557	80.9	4,478	63.4	350,762	82.8	144,317	77.2
Black, non-Hispanic	31,681	5.1	347	4.9	22,490	5.3	8,844	4.7
Hispanic	18,514	3.0	358	5.1	12,973	3.1	5,183	2.8
Asian/Pacific Islander	38,026	6.2	322	4.6	22,417	5.3	15,287	8.2
American Indian/Alaska Native	2,775	0.4	45	0.6	2,139	0.5	591	0.3
Race/ethnicity unknown	6,560	1.1	1,157	16.4	3,351	0.8	2,052	1.1
Nonresident alien	20,755	3.4	356	5.0	9,668	2.3	10,731	5.7

NOTE: Faculty include those staff whose principal activity is instruction, research, or public service. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2001–02.

Table D. Full-time faculty in Title IV degree-granting institutions, by tenure status, gender, and control and level of institution: United States, fall 2001

Control and level institution	Total faculty	Faculty with tenure	Percent faculty with tenure	Total men	Men with tenure	Percent men with tenure	Total women	Women with tenure	Percent women with tenure
Total	617,868	278,825	45.1	380,485	193,321	50.8	237,383	85,504	36.0
4-year	498,286	229,720	46.1	319,719	167,496	52.4	178,567	62,224	34.8
2-year	119,582	49,105	41.1	60,766	25,825	42.5	58,816	23,280	39.6
Public	426,589	203,878	47.8	258,774	139,243	53.8	167,815	64,635	38.5
4-year	315,829	155,261	49.2	203,233	113,716	56.0	112,596	41,545	36.9
2-year	110,760	48,617	43.9	55,541	25,527	46.0	55,219	23,090	41.8
Private not-for-profit	179,435	74,455	41.5	114,179	53,731	47.1	65,256	20,724	31.8
4-year	177,388	74,274	41.9	113,088	53,651	47.4	64,300	20,623	32.1
2-year	2,047	181	8.8	1,091	80	7.3	956	101	10.6
Private for-profit	11,844	492	4.2	7,532	347	4.6	4,312	145	3.4
4-year	5,069	185	3.6	3,398	129	3.8	1,671	56	3.4
2-year	6,775	307	4.5	4,134	218	5.3	2,641	89	3.4

NOTE: Faculty include those staff whose principal activity is instruction, research, or public service. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2001–02.

Salaries of Full-Time Instructional Faculty

During the 2001–02 academic year, full-time instructional faculty on 9/10-month contracts earned an average salary of about $60,000, while full-time instructional faculty on 11/12-month contracts earned an average salary of about $67,000 (table E).

As expected, salaries varied by rank and by gender, with faculty holding higher ranks earning higher average salaries. Among full-time instructional faculty on 9/10-month contracts, professors earned an average salary of $81,000 and associate professors earned an average salary of $59,000, while assistant professors averaged $49,000, instructors averaged $47,000, and lecturers earned an average salary of $42,000. Those on 11/12-month contracts earned the following average salaries: professors—$96,000; associate professors—$72,000; assistant professors—$63,000; instructors—$45,000; and lecturers—$51,000.

In general, men earned higher average salaries than women regardless of contract length or rank. Male faculty with 9/10-month contracts earned an average salary of $64,000, while female faculty with contracts of the same length earned an average salary of $53,000. Likewise, male faculty with 11/12-month contracts earned an average salary of $72,000, while female faculty with 11/12-month contracts earned an average salary of $59,000. Similarly, male professors with 9/10-month contracts earned an average salary of $83,000, while female professors with 9/10-month contracts earned an average salary of $73,000. Male professors with 11/12-month contracts earned an average salary of $99,000, while female professors with 11/12-month contracts earned an average salary of $85,000.

Table E. Average salaries of full-time instructional faculty on 9/10- and 11/12-month contracts in Title IV degree-granting institutions, by gender and academic rank: United States, academic year 2001–02

Academic rank	9/10-month contracts			11/12-month contracts
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Total, all ranks	$59,742	$64,320	$52,662	$67,233	$72,296	$58,693
Professor	80,792	83,356	72,542	96,288	99,269	84,689
Associate professor	58,724	60,300	56,186	72,233	74,147	68,805
Assistant professor	48,796	50,518	46,824	62,529	65,338	59,188
Instructor	46,959	48,844	45,262	45,458	45,767	45,105
Lecturer	41,798	44,519	39,538	50,530	53,083	47,890
No academic rank	46,569	48,049	45,003	48,935	49,816	47,691

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2001–02.

Footnotes

¹Instructional faculty are those whose specific assignments customarily are made for the purpose of providing instruction or teaching, or for whom it is not possible to differentiate between teaching, research, and public service, because each of these functions is an integral component of their regular assignment.

²Outlying areas include American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, the Marshall Islands, the Northern Marianas, Palau, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.

³Includes 6,615 institutions and 81 central or system offices.

⁴Institutions participating in Title IV programs are accredited by an agency or organization recognized by the U.S. Department of Education, have a program of over 300 clock hours or 8 credit hours, have been in business for at least 2 years, and have a signed Program Participation Agreement (PPA) with the Office of Postsecondary Education (OPE), U.S. Department of Education.

⁵Title IV 4-year institutions include both degree-granting institutions offering bachelor's, master's, doctor's, and first-professional degrees and those institutions offering only postbaccalaureate and higher certificates.

⁶Title IV institutions described in this report represent the 4,990 Title IV institutions required to complete the Fall Staff and/or the Salaries component.

⁷Faculty include those staff whose principal activity is instruction, research, or public service.

⁸Other professional staff include those staff in executive, administrative, and managerial positions; instruction/research assistants; and others in administrative and professional (support/services) positions.

⁹Nonprofessional staff include those in technical/paraprofessional, clerical/secretarial, skilled crafts, or service/maintenance positions.

Data source: The NCES Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2001–02. For technical information, see the complete report: Knapp, L.G., Kelly, J.E., Whitmore, R.W., Wu, S., Huh, S., and Levine, B. (2003). Staff in Postsecondary Institutions, Fall 2001, and Salaries of Full-Time Instructional Faculty, 2001–02 (NCES 2004–159). Author affiliations: L.G. Knapp, consultant; J.E. Kelly, R.W. Whitmore, S. Wu, S. Huh, and B. Levine, RTI International. For questions about content, contact Aurora D'Amico (aurora.d'amico@ed.gov). To obtain the complete report (NCES 2004–159), visit the NCES Electronic Catalog (http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch).