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Digest of Education Statistics
1999 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest

Table 21  Poverty status of persons, families, and children under 18, by race/ethnicity: 1959 to 1998

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
           |      Number below the poverty level, in thousands   |          Percent below the poverty level
           |_____________________________________________________|_________________________________________________________
   Year    |        |                        |  In families with |          |                          | In families with
    and    |        |     In all families    |female householder,|          |   In all families        |female householder,
   race/   |  All   |                        |no husband present |   All    |                          |no husband present
 ethnicity |persons |________________________|___________________| persons  |__________________________|___________________
           |        |       |       |Related |        | Related  |          |       |       | Related  |        | Related
           |        | Total |House- |children| Total  | children |          | Total |House- | children | Total  | children
           |        |       |holder |under 18|        | under 18 |          |       |holder | under 18 |        | under 18
___________|________|_______|_______|________|________|__________|__________|_______|_______|__________|________|__________
     1     |   2    |   3   |   4   |   5    |   6    |    7     |  8       |   9   |  10   | 11       |   12   |    13
___________|________|_______|_______|________|________|__________|__________|_______|_______|__________|________|__________
 All races |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
1959 ......| 39,490 |34,562 | 8,320 | 17,208 |  7,014 |    4,145 |22.4 (0.3)|  20.8 |  18.5 |26.9 (0.4)|   49.4 |     72.2
1960 ......| 39,851 |34,925 | 8,243 | 17,288 |  7,247 |    4,095 |22.2 (0.3)|  20.7 |  18.1 |26.5 (0.4)|   48.9 |     68.4
1965 ......| 33,185 |28,358 | 6,721 | 14,388 |  7,524 |    4,562 |17.3 (0.2)|  15.8 |  13.9 |20.7 (0.4)|   46.0 |     64.2
1970 ......| 25,420 |20,330 | 5,260 | 10,235 |  7,503 |    4,689 |12.6 (0.2)|  10.9 |  10.1 |14.9 (0.3)|   38.1 |     53.0
1975 ......| 25,877 |20,789 | 5,450 | 10,882 |  8,846 |    5,597 |12.3 (0.2)|  10.9 |   9.7 |16.8 (0.4)|   37.5 |     52.7
1980 ......| 29,272 |22,601 | 6,217 | 11,114 | 10,120 |    5,866 |13.0 (0.2)|  11.5 |  10.3 |17.9 (0.4)|   36.7 |     50.8
           |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
1981 ......| 31,822 |24,850 | 6,851 | 12,068 | 11,051 |    6,305 |14.0 (0.2)|  12.5 |  11.2 |19.5 (0.4)|   38.7 |     52.3
1982 ......| 34,398 |27,349 | 7,512 | 13,139 | 11,701 |    6,696 |15.0 (0.2)|  13.6 |  12.2 |21.3 (0.4)|   40.6 |     56.0
1983 ......| 35,303 |27,933 | 7,647 | 13,427 | 12,072 |    6,747 |15.2 (0.2)|  13.9 |  12.3 |21.8 (0.4)|   40.2 |     55.4
1984 ......| 33,700 |26,458 | 7,277 | 12,929 | 11,831 |    6,772 |14.4 (0.2)|  13.1 |  11.6 |21.0 (0.4)|   38.4 |     54.0
1985 ......| 33,064 |25,729 | 7,223 | 12,483 | 11,600 |    6,716 |14.0 (0.2)|  12.6 |  11.4 |20.1 (0.4)|   37.6 |     53.6
           |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
1986 ......| 32,370 |24,754 | 7,023 | 12,257 | 11,944 |    6,943 |13.6 (0.2)|  12.0 |  10.9 |19.8 (0.4)|   38.3 |     54.4
1987 ......| 32,221 |24,725 | 7,005 | 12,275 | 12,148 |    7,074 |13.4 (0.2)|  12.0 |  10.7 |19.7 (0.4)|   38.1 |     54.7
1988 ......| 31,745 |24,048 | 6,876 | 11,935 | 11,972 |    6,742 |13.0 (0.2)|  11.6 |  10.4 |19.0 (0.4)|   37.2 |     50.6
1989 ......| 31,528 |24,066 | 6,784 | 12,001 | 11,668 |    6,808 |12.8 (0.2)|  11.5 |  10.3 |19.0 (0.4)|   35.9 |     51.1
1990 ......| 33,585 |25,232 | 7,098 | 12,715 | 12,578 |    7,363 |13.5 (0.2)|  12.0 |  10.7 |19.9 (0.4)|   37.2 |     53.4
           |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
1991 ......| 35,708 |27,143 | 7,712 | 13,658 | 13,824 |    8,065 |14.2 (0.2)|  12.8 |  11.5 |21.1 (0.4)|   39.7 |     55.5
1992 ......| 36,880 |27,947 | 7,960 | 13,876 | 13,716 |    8,032 |14.8 (0.2)|  13.3 |  11.7 |21.1 (0.4)|   39.0 |     54.3
1993 ......| 39,265 |29,927 | 8,393 | 14,961 | 14,636 |    8,503 |15.1 (0.2)|  13.6 |  12.3 |22.0 (0.4)|   38.7 |     53.7
1994 ......| 38,059 |28,985 | 8,053 | 14,610 | 14,380 |    8,427 |14.5 (0.2)|  13.1 |  11.6 |21.2 (0.4)|   38.6 |     52.9
1995 ......| 36,425 |27,501 | 7,532 | 13,999 | 14,205 |    8,364 |13.8 (0.2)|  12.3 |  10.8 |20.2 (0.4)|   36.5 |     50.3
1996 ......| 36,529 |27,376 | 7,708 | 13,764 | 13,796 |    7,990 |13.7 (0.2)|  12.2 |  11.0 |19.8 (0.4)|   35.8 |     49.3
1997 ......| 35,574 |26,217 | 7,324 | 13,422 | 13,494 |    7,928 |13.3 (0.2)|  11.6 |  10.3 |19.2 (0.4)|   35.1 |     49.0
1998 ......| 34,476 |25,370 | 7,186 | 12,845 | 12,907 |    7,627 |12.7 (0.2)|  11.2 |  10.0 |18.3 (0.4)|   33.1 |     46.1
           |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
 White\1\  |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
1960 ......| 28,309 |24,262 | 6,115 | 11,229 |  4,296 |    2,357 |17.8 (0.3)|  16.2 |  14.9 |20.0 (0.4)|   39.0 |     59.9
1965 ......| 22,496 |18,508 | 4,824 |  8,595 |  4,092 |    2,321 |13.3 (0.2)|  11.7 |  11.1 |14.4 (0.4)|   35.4 |     52.9
1970 ......| 17,484 |13,323 | 3,708 |  6,138 |  3,761 |    2,247 | 9.9 (0.2)|   8.1 |   8.0 |10.5 (0.3)|   28.4 |     43.1
1975 ......| 17,770 |13,799 | 3,838 |  6,748 |  4,577 |    2,813 | 9.7 (0.2)|   8.3 |   7.7 |12.5 (0.3)|   29.4 |     44.2
1980 ......| 19,699 |14,587 | 4,195 |  6,817 |  4,940 |    2,813 |10.2 (0.2)|   8.6 |   8.0 |13.4 (0.4)|   28.0 |     41.6
1985 ......| 22,860 |17,125 | 4,983 |  7,838 |  5,990 |    3,372 |11.4 (0.2)|   9.9 |   9.1 |15.6 (0.4)|   29.8 |     45.2
           |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
1990 ......| 22,326 |15,916 | 4,622 |  7,696 |  6,210 |    3,597 |10.7 (0.2)|   9.0 |   8.1 |15.1 (0.4)|   29.8 |     45.9
1991 ......| 23,747 |17,268 | 5,022 |  8,316 |  6,806 |    3,941 |11.3 (0.2)|   9.7 |   8.8 |16.1 (0.4)|   31.5 |     47.1
1992 ......| 25,259 |18,294 | 5,160 |  8,333 |  6,907 |    3,783 |11.9 (0.2)|  10.1 |   8.9 |16.0 (0.4)|   30.8 |     45.3
1993 ......| 26,226 |18,968 | 5,452 |  9,123 |  7,199 |    4,102 |12.2 (0.2)|  10.5 |   9.4 |17.0 (0.4)|   31.0 |     45.6
1994 ......| 25,379 |18,474 | 5,312 |  8,826 |  7,228 |    4,099 |11.7 (0.2)|  10.1 |   9.1 |16.3 (0.4)|   31.8 |     45.7
1995 ......| 24,423 |17,593 | 4,994 |  8,474 |  7,047 |    4,051 |11.2 (0.2)|   9.6 |   8.5 |15.5 (0.4)|   29.7 |     42.5
1996 ......| 24,650 |17,621 | 5,059 |  8,488 |  7,073 |    4,029 |11.2 (0.2)|   9.6 |   8.6 |15.5 (0.4)|   29.8 |     43.1
1997 ......| 24,396 |17,258 | 4,990 |  8,441 |  7,296 |    4,186 |11.0 (0.2)|   9.3 |   8.4 |15.4 (0.4)|   30.7 |     44.3
1998 ......| 23,454 |16,549 | 4,829 |  7,935 |  6,674 |    3,875 |10.5 (0.2)|   8.9 |   8.0 |14.4 (0.4)|   27.6 |     40.0
           |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
 Black\1\  |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
1959 ......|  9,927 | 9,112 | 1,860 |  5,022 |  2,416 |    1,475 |55.1 (1.0)|  54.9 |  48.1 |65.5 (1.3)|   70.6 |     81.6
1966 ......|  8,867 | 8,090 | 1,620 |  4,774 |  3,160 |    2,107 |41.8 (0.9)|  40.9 |  35.5 |50.6 (1.3)|   65.3 |     76.6
1970 ......|  7,548 | 6,683 | 1,481 |  3,922 |  3,656 |    2,383 |33.5 (0.9)|  32.2 |  29.5 |41.5 (1.2)|   58.7 |     67.7
1975 ......|  7,545 | 6,533 | 1,513 |  3,884 |  4,168 |    2,724 |31.3 (0.8)|  30.1 |  27.1 |41.4 (1.2)|   54.3 |     66.0
1980 ......|  8,579 | 7,190 | 1,826 |  3,906 |  4,984 |    2,944 |32.5 (0.8)|  31.1 |  28.9 |42.1 (1.3)|   53.4 |     64.8
1985 ......|  8,926 | 7,504 | 1,983 |  4,057 |  5,342 |    3,181 |31.3 (0.8)|  30.5 |  28.7 |43.1 (1.3)|   53.2 |     66.9
           |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
1990 ......|  9,837 | 8,160 | 2,193 |  4,412 |  6,005 |    3,543 |31.9 (0.8)|  31.0 |  29.3 |44.2 (1.3)|   50.6 |     64.7
1991 ......| 10,242 | 8,504 | 2,343 |  4,637 |  6,557 |    3,853 |32.7 (0.8)|  32.0 |  30.4 |45.6 (1.3)|   54.8 |     68.2
1992 ......| 10,827 | 9,134 | 2,435 |  4,850 |  6,799 |    3,967 |33.4 (0.8)|  32.9 |  30.9 |46.3 (1.3)|   54.0 |     67.1
1993 ......| 10,877 | 9,242 | 2,499 |  5,030 |  6,955 |    4,104 |33.1 (0.8)|  32.9 |  31.3 |45.9 (1.3)|   53.0 |     65.9
1994 ......| 10,196 | 8,447 | 2,212 |  4,787 |  6,489 |    3,935 |30.6 (0.8)|  29.6 |  27.3 |43.3 (1.3)|   50.2 |     63.2
1995 ......|  9,872 | 8,189 | 2,127 |  4,644 |  6,553 |    3,954 |29.3 (0.8)|  28.5 |  26.4 |41.5 (1.3)|   48.2 |     61.6
1996 ......|  9,694 | 7,993 | 2,206 |  4,411 |  6,123 |    3,619 |28.4 (0.8)|  27.6 |  26.1 |39.5 (1.3)|   46.4 |     58.2
1997 ......|  9,116 | 7,386 | 1,985 |  4,116 |  5,654 |    3,402 |26.5 (0.8)|  25.5 |  23.6 |36.8 (1.3)|   42.8 |     55.3
1998 ......|  9,091 | 7,259 | 1,981 |  4,073 |  5,629 |    3,366 |26.1 (0.8)|  24.7 |  23.4 |36.4 (1.3)|   42.8 |     54.7
           |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
 Hispanic  |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
 origin\2\ |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
1975 ......|  2,991 | 2,755 |   627 |  1,619 |  1,053 |      694 |26.9 (1.4)|  26.3 |  25.1 |33.1 (1.7)|   57.2 |     68.4
1980 ......|  3,491 | 3,143 |   751 |  1,718 |  1,319 |      809 |25.7 (1.3)|  25.1 |  23.2 |33.0 (1.6)|   54.5 |     65.0
1985 ......|  5,236 | 4,605 | 1,074 |  2,512 |  1,983 |    1,247 |29.0 (1.0)|  28.3 |  25.5 |39.6 (1.6)|   55.7 |     72.4
           |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
1990 ......|  6,006 | 5,091 | 1,244 |  2,750 |  2,115 |    1,314 |28.1 (1.0)|  26.9 |  25.0 |37.7 (1.5)|   53.0 |     68.4
1991 ......|  6,339 | 5,541 | 1,372 |  2,977 |  2,282 |    1,398 |28.7 (0.9)|  28.2 |  26.5 |39.8 (1.5)|   52.7 |     68.6
1992 ......|  7,592 | 6,455 | 1,395 |  2,946 |  2,474 |    1,289 |29.6 (0.9)|  28.4 |  26.2 |38.8 (1.5)|   51.5 |     65.7
1993 ......|  8,126 | 6,876 | 1,625 |  3,666 |  2,837 |    1,673 |30.6 (0.9)|  29.3 |  27.3 |39.9 (1.4)|   53.2 |     66.1
1994 ......|  8,416 | 7,357 | 1,724 |  3,956 |  2,920 |    1,804 |30.7 (0.9)|  30.2 |  27.8 |41.1 (1.4)|   54.8 |     68.3
1995 ......|  8,574 | 7,341 | 1,695 |  3,938 |  3,053 |    1,872 |30.3 (0.9)|  29.2 |  27.0 |39.3 (1.4)|   52.8 |     65.7
1996 ......|  8,697 | 7,515 | 1,748 |  4,090 |  3,020 |    1,779 |29.4 (0.9)|  28.5 |  26.4 |39.9 (1.4)|   53.5 |     67.4
1997 ......|  8,308 | 7,198 | 1,721 |  3,865 |  2,911 |    1,758 |27.1 (0.8)|  26.2 |  24.7 |36.4 (1.3)|   50.9 |     62.8
1998 ......|  8,070 | 6,814 | 1,648 |  3,670 |  2,837 |    1,739 |25.6 (0.8)|  24.3 |  22.7 |33.6 (1.3)|   46.7 |     59.6
           |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
 Asian and |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
  Pacific  |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
 Islander  |        |       |       |        |        |          |          |       |       |          |        |
1990 ......|    858 |   712 |   --- |    356 |    132 |      --- |12.2 (1.2)|  11.3 |   --- |17.0 (2.2)|   20.7 |      ---
1991 ......|    996 |   773 |   --- |    348 |    177 |      --- |13.8 (1.3)|  12.1 |   --- |17.1 (2.3)|   24.6 |      ---
1992 ......|    985 |   787 |   --- |    352 |    183 |      --- |12.7 (1.2)|  11.4 |   --- |16.0 (2.1)|   25.0 |      ---
1993 ......|  1,134 |   898 |   --- |    358 |    126 |      --- |15.3 (1.3)|  13.6 |   --- |17.6 (2.3)|   17.4 |      ---
1994 ......|    974 |   776 |   --- |    308 |    137 |      --- |14.6 (1.3)|  13.1 |   --- |17.9 (2.5)|   23.6 |      ---
1995 ......|  1,411 | 1,112 |   --- |    532 |    266 |      --- |14.6 (1.2)|  13.0 |   --- |18.6 (2.1)|   28.9 |      ---
1996 ......|  1,454 | 1,172 |   --- |    553 |    300 |      --- |14.5 (1.1)|  13.2 |   --- |19.1 (2.1)|   29.5 |      ---
1997 ......|  1,468 |   --- |   244 |    --- |    --- |      --- |14.0 (1.1)|   --- |  10.2 | ---  --- |    --- |      ---
1998 ......|  1,360 |   --- |   270 |    --- |    --- |      --- |12.5 (1.0)|   --- |  11.0 | ---  --- |    --- |      ---
___________|________|_______|_______|________|________|__________|__________|_______|_______|__________|________|__________

\1\Includes persons of Hispanic origin.
\2\Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
---Data not available.

NOTE.--Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-60-198, "Poverty in the United States" and "Income, Poverty, and Valuation of Noncash Benefits," various years. (This table was prepared October 1999.)


1999 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest