Digest of Education Statistics
1997 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest

Table 409.Public expenditures for education as a percentage of grossdomestic product, by level of education: Selected countries, 1985 to 1993 

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________    
                         |        All levels\1\             |    Primary education        |      Secondary education    |       Higher education
         Country         |__________________________________|_____________________________|_____________________________|____________________________________
                         |1985|1988|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|1985|1988|1989|1990|1991|1993|1985|1988|1989|1990|1991|1993|1985|1988|1989|1990 |1991 |1992|1993
_________________________|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|_____|_____|____|____
            1            | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | 8  |  9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 |  24 |  25 | 26 | 27
_________________________|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|_____|_____|____|____
Australia ...............|6.0 |5.5 | ---| ---|4.6 |4.5 |4.9 |1.8 |1.6 | ---| ---|1.5 |1.6 |2.1 |1.9 | ---| ---|1.5 |2.1 |1.8 |1.8 | ---|  ---| 1.5 |1.8 |1.1
Austria .................|5.7 |5.5 |5.3 |5.2 |5.4 | ---|5.3 |1.0 |1.0 |0.9 |0.9 |1.0 |1.0 |2.8 |2.7 |2.6 |2.5 |2.6 |2.5 |1.0 |1.1 |1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | ---|1.1
Belgium .................|6.4 |5.6 |5.7 |5.2 | ---| ---|5.6 |1.1 |1.0 |0.9 |0.9 | ---|1.1 |3.0 |2.5 |2.5 |2.3 | ---|2.6 |1.0 |0.9 |0.9 | 0.9 |  ---| ---|1.0
Denmark .................|6.2 |6.4 |6.4 |6.2 |6.1 |6.2 |6.7 |1.7 |1.7 |1.7 |1.7 |1.7 |1.5 |2.8 |2.9 |2.9 |2.7 |2.7 |2.9 |1.2 |1.3 |1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 |1.3 |1.3
Germany\2\ ..............|4.6 |4.3 | ---| ---|4.1 |3.7 |4.5 |0.6 |0.6 | ---| ---|0.5 |0.7 |2.2 |2.0 | ---| ---|1.9 |2.3 |1.0 |1.0 | ---|  ---| 0.9 |1.0 |0.9
                         |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |     |     |    |
Ireland .................|5.9 |5.6 |5.3 |5.2 |5.4 |5.7 |5.2 |1.7 |1.6 |1.6 |1.5 |1.6 |1.5 |2.4 |2.3 |2.2 |2.1 |2.2 |2.2 |0.9 |1.0 |1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 |1.4 |1.0
Italy .................  |4.7 |4.9 |5.0 |5.2 | ---| ---|5.0 |1.2 |1.1 |1.2 |1.1 | ---|1.1 |2.0 |2.2 |2.3 |2.2 | ---|2.4 |0.6 |0.8 |0.7 | 1.0 |  ---| ---|0.8
Japan  ..................| ---| ---| ---| ---| ---|3.6 |3.7 | ---| ---| ---| ---| ---|1.4 | ---| ---| ---| ---| ---|1.6 | ---| ---| ---|  ---|  ---|0.3 |0.4
Luxembourg ............. | ---|6.0 |5.8 | ---| ---| ---| ---| ---|2.1 |2.0 | ---| ---| ---| ---|2.5 |2.4 | ---| ---| ---| ---|0.2 |0.2 |  ---|  ---| ---| ---
New Zealand .............| ---|5.2 |6.3 | ---|5.8 | ---|6.0 | ---|1.4 |1.7 | ---|1.5 |1.7 | ---|1.2 |1.5 | ---|1.3 |2.7 | ---|1.6 |1.8 |  ---| 2.0 | ---|1.2
                         |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |     |     |    |
Norway ..................|5.6 |6.4 |6.5 |6.4 |6.8 | ---|7.6 |1.7 |1.9 |1.8 |1.6 |1.7 |1.7 |2.7 |2.9 |2.8 |2.7 |2.8 |2.7 |0.8 |1.0 |1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | ---|1.5
Portugal ................| ---| ---|4.8 |4.8 |5.5 |5.2 |5.3 |2.1 |2.3 |2.1 |2.1 |2.2 |1.9 |1.2 |1.4 |1.6 |1.6 |2.0 |1.9 |0.6 |0.8 |0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |0.9 |0.8
Spain ...................|3.6 |3.9 |4.2 |4.4 |4.5 |4.2 |4.5 |1.2 |1.1 |1.1 |1.0 |1.0 |1.0 |1.8 |2.1 |2.2 |2.3 |2.4 |2.4 |0.4 |0.6 |0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 |0.9 |0.8
Sweden ..................| ---|5.9 |5.5 |5.7 |6.1 |6.7 |6.7 | ---|2.2 |2.0 |2.0 |2.2 |2.0 |0.0 |2.5 |2.4 |2.5 |2.7 |2.6 | ---|1.0 |0.9 | 1.1 | 1.1 |1.0 |1.5
Switzerland .............|5.1 |5.1 | ---| ---|5.4 | ---|5.6 |2.9 |2.8 | ---| ---|1.4 |1.6 |1.3 |1.3 | ---| ---|2.4 |2.5 |1.0 |1.0 | ---|  ---| 1.2 | ---|1.2
                         |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |     |     |    |
Turkey ..................| ---| ---| ---| ---|4.0 | ---|3.3 | ---| ---| ---| ---|1.9 |1.7 | ---| ---| ---| ---|1.0 |0.8 | ---| ---| ---|  ---| 1.0 | ---|0.8
United Kingdom ..........|5.3 |5.0 |4.9 |5.1 |4.9 |4.1 |4.7 |1.2 |1.3 |1.3 |1.3 |1.3 |1.6 |2.2 |2.3 |2.2 |2.3 |2.2 |2.3 |1.1 |0.9 |0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 |0.1 |0.7
United States ...........|5.0 |5.2 |5.1 |5.6 |5.7 |5.7 |5.1 |1.5 |1.7 |1.8 |1.8 |1.8 |1.8 |1.9 |1.9 |1.9 |2.0 |2.0 |1.9 |1.3 |1.4 |1.2 | 1.5 | 1.5 |1.6 |1.2
_________________________|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|_____|_____|____|____

\1\Includes primary, secondary, and higher education not classified by level of education.

\2\Data before 1990 are for the former West Germany.

---Data not available.

SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Education at a Glance, 1996; and unpublished data. (This table was prepared November 1997.)



1997 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest