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| Table 209. | Graduate enrollment in science and engineering programs in institutions of higher education, by field of study: United States and outlying areas, 1981 to 1992 |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | |Percent
| | | | | | | | | | | | | change,
Field of engineering or science | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 |1984 \1\ | 1985\1\ | 1986\1\ | 1987\1\ | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1985 to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | 1992
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1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14
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Total, all fields ...................| 378,104 | 384,872 | 392,376 | 396,449 | 405,596 | 416,577 | 422,585 | 425,932 | 436,071 | 454,065 | 472,950 | 495,937 | 22.3
|=========|=========|=========|=========|===========|===========|===========|=========|=========|=========|=========|=========|=========
Engineering, total ......................| 80,479 | 84,581 | 91,111 | 92,780 | 96,214 | 102,135 | 104,104 | 103,137 | 104,150 | 107,728 | 113,300 | 118,047 | 22.7
|---------|---------|---------|---------|-----------|-----------|-----------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------
Aerospace ...........................| 1,883 | 1,941 | 2,305 | 2,340 | 2,538 | 2,804 | 3,015 | 3,223 | 3,454 | 3,866 | 4,052 | 4,036 | 59.0
Agricultural ........................| 802 | 875 | 969 | 954 | 941 | 1,054 | 1,063 | 1,039 | 1,031 | 936 | 978 | 989 | 5.1
Biomedical ..........................| 1,057 | 1,116 | 1,244 | 1,345 | 1,373 | 1,549 | 1,689 | 1,755 | 1,919 | 2,130 | 2,233 | 2,479 | 80.6
Chemical ............................| 6,496 | 7,189 | 7,563 | 7,373 | 7,150 | 7,012 | 7,111 | 6,618 | 6,460 | 6,735 | 7,127 | 7,415 | 3.7
Civil ...............................| 14,515 | 14,510 | 14,921 | 15,203 | 14,916 | 14,987 | 14,718 | 14,822 | 14,919 | 15,553 | 17,356 | 19,385 | 30.0
Electrical ..........................| 20,193 | 22,017 | 25,116 | 26,198 | 28,203 | 29,969 | 31,399 | 32,035 | 33,257 | 33,722 | 34,973 | 36,272 | 28.6
Engineering science .................| 1,965 | 2,130 | 2,261 | 2,153 | 2,098 | 2,362 | 2,343 | 2,386 | 2,077 | 2,020 | 2,154 | 2,218 | 5.7
Industrial ..........................| 10,026 | 9,870 | 9,373 | 9,535 | 10,805 | 11,843 | 12,416 | 11,638 | 11,328 | 11,505 | 12,832 | 13,735 | 27.1
Mechanical ..........................| 10,618 | 11,467 | 12,911 | 13,855 | 14,157 | 15,713 | 16,366 | 16,186 | 16,212 | 16,788 | 17,647 | 18,768 | 32.6
Metallurgical/materials .............| 3,125 | 3,124 | 3,447 | 3,657 | 3,943 | 4,208 | 4,366 | 4,335 | 4,589 | 4,946 | 5,164 | 5,470 | 38.7
Mining ..............................| 462 | 449 | 524 | 502 | 489 | 512 | 513 | 489 | 418 | 437 | 489 | 479 | -2.0
Nuclear .............................| 1,283 | 1,301 | 1,203 | 1,234 | 1,220 | 1,265 | 1,279 | 1,303 | 1,323 | 1,278 | 1,282 | 1,286 | 5.4
Petroleum ...........................| 521 | 586 | 737 | 744 | 782 | 747 | 818 | 742 | 665 | 670 | 705 | 737 | -5.8
Other engineering ...................| 7,533 | 8,006 | 8,537 | 7,687 | 7,599 | 8,110 | 7,008 | 6,566 | 6,498 | 7,142 | 6,308 | 4,778 | -37.1
|=========|=========|=========|=========|===========|===========|===========|=========|=========|=========|=========|=========|=========
All sciences, total .....................| 297,625 | 300,291 | 301,265 | 303,669 | 309,382 | 314,442 | 318,481 | 322,795 | 331,921 | 346,337 | 359,650 | 377,890 | 22.1
|---------|---------|---------|---------|-----------|-----------|-----------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------
Physical sciences, total ..............| 27,382 | 28,199 | 29,456 | 30,056 | 30,981 | 32,248 | 32,730 | 32,962 | 33,619 | 34,135 | 34,799 | 35,496 | 14.6
Astronomy ...........................| 597 | 632 | 618 | 639 | 671 | 689 | 722 | 731 | 789 | 810 | 829 | 869 | 29.5
Chemistry ...........................| 16,347 | 17,015 | 17,796 | 17,752 | 18,300 | 18,737 | 18,819 | 18,572 | 18,812 | 19,101 | 19,388 | 19,904 | 8.8
Physics .............................| 10,150 | 10,306 | 10,806 | 11,331 | 11,672 | 12,439 | 12,807 | 13,308 | 13,657 | 13,868 | 14,140 | 14,264 | 22.2
Other physical sciences .............| 288 | 246 | 236 | 334 | 338 | 383 | 382 | 351 | 361 | 356 | 442 | 459 | 35.8
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences.| 14,422 | 15,174 | 15,590 | 15,655 | 15,591 | 15,210 | 14,522 | 14,067 | 13,830 | 14,195 | 14,720 | 15,609 | 0.1
Atmospheric sciences ................| 882 | 889 | 896 | 907 | 964 | 961 | 952 | 940 | 912 | 929 | 968 | 1,089 | 13.0
Geosciences .........................| 8,808 | 9,621 | 10,321 | 10,370 | 10,294 | 9,819 | 8,998 | 8,463 | 8,052 | 7,694 | 7,583 | 7,759 | -24.6
Oceanography ........................| 2,082 | 2,091 | 2,063 | 2,102 | 2,081 | 2,128 | 2,127 | 2,033 | 2,207 | 2,333 | 2,386 | 2,530 | 21.6
Other environmental sciences ........| 2,650 | 2,573 | 2,310 | 2,276 | 2,252 | 2,302 | 2,445 | 2,631 | 2,659 | 3,239 | 3,783 | 4,231 | 87.9
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mathematical sciences, total ..........| 15,915 | 17,199 | 17,380 | 17,459 | 17,591 | 17,967 | 18,524 | 19,103 | 19,308 | 19,801 | 19,978 | 20,375 | 15.8
Mathematics and applied mathematics..| --- | --- | --- | --- | 15,465 | 15,633 | 16,031 | 16,516 | 16,784 | 17,123 | 17,232 | 17,426 | 12.7
Statistics...........................| --- | --- | --- | --- | 2,126 | 2,334 | 2,493 | 2,587 | 2,524 | 2,678 | 2,746 | 2,949 | 38.7
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Computer sciences, total ..............| 16,437 | 19,812 | 23,616 | 25,810 | 29,602 | 31,175 | 31,901 | 32,053 | 32,320 | 34,349 | 34,788 | 36,936 | 24.8
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Life sciences, total ..................| 103,124 | 102,789 | 102,228 | 103,767 | 103,976 | 106,025 | 106,498 | 108,707 | 112,572 | 117,134 | 122,574 | 129,830 | 24.9
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Agricultural sciences, total ........| 12,100 | 12,314 | 12,396 | 12,181 | 11,364 | 11,281 | 10,942 | 10,940 | 10,979 | 11,125 | 11,315 | 11,609 | 2.2
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Biological sciences, total ..........| 46,979 | 46,310 | 45,771 | 45,892 | 46,201 | 46,873 | 46,901 | 47,682 | 48,970 | 50,090 | 51,875 | 54,437 | 17.8
Anatomy ...........................| 1,072 | 1,074 | 1,037 | 1,029 | 993 | 973 | 1,016 | 1,056 | 1,078 | 996 | 1,051 | 1,031 | 3.8
Biochemistry ......................| 4,061 | 4,124 | 4,205 | 4,462 | 4,656 | 4,875 | 4,813 | 4,921 | 5,082 | 5,053 | 5,207 | 5,386 | 15.7
Biology ...........................| 14,203 | 13,397 | 13,051 | 12,890 | 12,710 | 12,678 | 12,331 | 12,393 | 12,761 | 13,035 | 13,299 | 13,897 | 9.3
Biometry/epidemiology .............| 1,182 | 1,166 | 1,156 | 1,004 | 1,360 | 1,434 | 1,556 | 1,682 | 1,722 | 1,871 | 2,032 | 2,369 | 74.2
Biophysics ........................| 463 | 440 | 450 | 433 | 441 | 547 | 591 | 592 | 655 | 642 | 697 | 751 | 70.3
Botany ............................| 3,498 | 3,644 | 3,299 | 3,251 | 3,188 | 3,149 | 3,005 | 2,936 | 2,844 | 2,720 | 2,675 | 2,690 | -15.6
Cell biology ......................| 1,018 | 1,143 | 1,182 | 1,256 | 1,429 | 1,716 | 1,964 | 2,078 | 2,234 | 2,555 | 2,809 | 3,093 | 116.4
Ecology ...........................| 1,101 | 1,051 | 1,007 | 1,088 | 1,028 | 1,022 | 963 | 999 | 1,084 | 1,136 | 1,180 | 1,301 | 26.6
Entomology/parasitology ...........| 1,664 | 1,540 | 1,475 | 1,438 | 1,342 | 1,306 | 1,244 | 1,240 | 1,181 | 1,173 | 1,171 | 1,193 | -11.1
Genetics ..........................| 937 | 990 | 1,035 | 1,059 | 1,120 | 1,262 | 1,314 | 1,289 | 1,365 | 1,408 | 1,520 | 1,643 | 46.7
Microbiology ......................| 4,070 | 4,130 | 4,262 | 4,326 | 4,446 | 4,372 | 4,452 | 4,773 | 4,827 | 4,872 | 4,936 | 5,008 | 12.6
Nutrition .........................| 4,355 | 4,359 | 4,351 | 4,277 | 4,314 | 4,321 | 4,288 | 4,228 | 4,259 | 4,268 | 4,251 | 4,245 | -1.6
Pathology .........................| 1,444 | 1,460 | 1,449 | 1,454 | 1,321 | 1,362 | 1,397 | 1,357 | 1,393 | 1,386 | 1,492 | 1,517 | 14.8
Pharmacology ......................| 2,024 | 2,084 | 2,069 | 2,050 | 2,107 | 2,078 | 2,072 | 2,124 | 2,267 | 2,352 | 2,432 | 2,545 | 20.8
Physiology ........................| 2,144 | 2,058 | 1,994 | 2,160 | 2,211 | 2,220 | 2,213 | 2,220 | 2,206 | 2,236 | 2,332 | 2,319 | 4.9
Zoology ...........................| 2,625 | 2,503 | 2,430 | 2,303 | 2,135 | 2,083 | 2,113 | 2,034 | 2,088 | 2,109 | 2,196 | 2,203 | 3.2
Other biosciences .................| 1,118 | 1,147 | 1,319 | 1,412 | 1,400 | 1,475 | 1,569 | 1,760 | 1,924 | 2,278 | 2,595 | 3,246 | 131.9
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Health fields, total ................| 44,045 | 44,165 | 44,061 | 45,694 | 46,411 | 47,871 | 48,655 | 50,085 | 52,623 | 55,919 | 59,384 | 63,784 | 37.4
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medical fields .....................| 9,027 | 8,758 | 8,565 | 8,714 | 9,280 | 9,227 | 9,730 | 10,110 | 10,243 | 10,962 | 11,564 | 12,470 | 34.4
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other health fields ................| 35,018 | 35,407 | 35,496 | 36,980 | 37,131 | 38,644 | 38,925 | 39,975 | 42,380 | 44,957 | 47,820 | 51,314 | 38.2
Dentistry .........................| 942 | 836 | 776 | 854 | 833 | 947 | 1,062 | 1,083 | 1,004 | 956 | 1,016 | 1,067 | 28.1
Nursing ...........................| 15,703 | 16,254 | 16,945 | 17,987 | 17,977 | 18,424 | 18,479 | 18,910 | 19,733 | 21,245 | 22,116 | 23,333 | 29.8
Pharmaceutical sciences ...........| 2,549 | 2,519 | 2,641 | 2,519 | 2,553 | 2,682 | 2,607 | 2,613 | 2,834 | 2,938 | 3,011 | 2,846 | 11.5
Speech pathology/audiology ........| 8,596 | 8,592 | 7,836 | 7,745 | 7,986 | 7,957 | 7,497 | 7,668 | 8,088 | 8,510 | 9,121 | 10,017 | 25.4
Veterinary sciences ...............| 481 | 471 | 466 | 557 | 637 | 630 | 731 | 752 | 801 | 900 | 894 | 942 | 47.9
Other health related ..............| 6,747 | 6,735 | 6,832 | 7,318 | 7,145 | 8,004 | 8,549 | 8,949 | 9,920 | 10,408 | 11,662 | 13,109 | 83.5
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Psychology, total .....................| 40,691 | 40,082 | 40,912 | 40,937 | 41,173 | 41,417 | 42,750 | 44,127 | 46,003 | 48,678 | 51,791 | 53,820 | 30.7
Psychology, general ...................| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 15,479 | 17,126 | 18,524 | 21,230 | 23,117 | ---
Clinical psychology ...................| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 20,842 | 19,726 | 20,383 | 19,855 | 18,738 | ---
Other psychology ......................| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 7,806 | 9,151 | 9,771 | 10,706 | 11,965 | ---
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Social sciences, total ................| 79,654 | 77,036 | 72,083 | 69,985 | 70,468 | 70,400 | 71,556 | 71,776 | 74,269 | 78,045 | 81,000 | 85,824 | 21.8
Agricultural economics ..............| 2,262 | 2,267 | 2,295 | 2,279 | 2,268 | 2,248 | 2,203 | 2,259 | 2,276 | 2,273 | 2,364 | 2,513 | 10.8
Anthropology ........................| 6,118 | 5,948 | 5,644 | 5,590 | 5,631 | 6,805 | 5,835 | 5,945 | 6,128 | 6,494 | 6,729 | 7,129 | 26.6
Economics (except agricultural) .....| 13,344 | 13,735 | 13,064 | 12,507 | 12,430 | 12,103 | 12,020 | 12,036 | 12,143 | 12,306 | 12,728 | 13,266 | 6.7
Geography ...........................| 3,187 | 3,166 | 3,060 | 3,035 | 2,936 | 3,055 | 3,223 | 3,208 | 3,479 | 3,530 | 3,760 | 4,097 | 39.5
History and philosophy of science ...| 248 | 256 | 253 | 274 | 272 | 266 | 294 | 288 | 304 | 331 | 337 | 360 | 32.4
Linguistics .........................| 3,139 | 2,803 | 3,022 | 3,160 | 3,055 | 3,109 | 3,282 | 3,243 | 3,285 | 3,404 | 3,425 | 3,288 | 7.6
Political science ...................| 30,791 | 29,887 | 28,050 | 25,921 | 27,012 | 27,251 | 27,601 | 27,859 | 29,291 | 30,595 | 31,887 | 33,770 | 25.0
Sociology ...........................| 7,816 | 7,246 | 6,920 | 6,740 | 6,586 | 5,532 | 6,986 | 7,087 | 7,393 | 7,784 | 8,292 | 8,861 | 34.5
Sociology/anthropology ..............| 1,110 | 1,133 | 1,200 | 1,075 | 1,034 | 1,021 | 982 | 991 | 1,022 | 1,212 | 1,032 | 1,123 | 8.6
Other social sciences ...............| 11,639 | 10,595 | 8,575 | 9,404 | 9,244 | 9,010 | 9,130 | 8,860 | 8,947 | 10,116 | 10,446 | 11,417 | 23.5
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---Data not available.
\1\Includes estimates for master's degree granting institutions which were surveyed on a sample basis from 1985 through 1987. \2\Large percentage change due to change in reporting practices. NOTE.--Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Studies. Academic Science/Engineering: Graduate Enrollment and Support, Fall 1992. (This table was prepared April 1994.)
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