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| Table 105. | Average student proficiency in reading, by age and selected characteristics of students: 1971 to 1992 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 9-year-olds | 13-year-olds | 17-year-olds\1\
Selected characteris-|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------
tics of students | 1971 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1990 | 1992 | 1971 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1990 | 1992 | 1971 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1990 | 1992
---------------------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19
---------------------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------
Total .............|207.6 |215.0 |210.9 |211.8 |209.2 |210.5 |255.2 |258.5 |257.1 |257.5 |256.8 |259.8 |285.2 |285.5 |288.8 |290.1 |290.2 |289.7
|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------
Sex | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Male ..............|201.2 |210.0 |207.5 |207.5 |204.0 |205.9 |249.6 |254.3 |252.6 |251.8 |250.5 |254.1 |278.9 |281.8 |283.8 |286.0 |284.0 |284.2
Female ............|213.9 |220.1 |214.2 |216.3 |214.5 |215.4 |260.8 |262.6 |261.7 |263.0 |263.1 |265.3 |291.3 |289.2 |293.9 |293.8 |296.5 |295.7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Race/ethnicity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
White .............|214.0 |221.3 |218.2 |217.7 |217.0 |217.9 |260.9 |264.4 |262.6 |261.3 |262.3 |266.4 |291.4 |292.8 |295.2 |294.7 |296.6 |297.4
Black .............|170.1 |189.3 |185.7 |188.5 |181.8 |184.5 |222.4 |232.8 |236.3 |242.9 |241.5 |237.6 |238.7 |243.1 |264.3 |274.4 |267.3 |260.6
Hispanic ..........|(\2\) |190.2 |187.2 |193.7 |189.4 |191.7 |(\2\) |237.2 |239.6 |240.1 |237.8 |239.2 |(\2\) |261.4 |268.1 |270.8 |274.8 |271.2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Parental education | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Not h.s. graduate .|188.6 |194.3 |195.1 |192.5 |192.6 |194.9 |238.4 |238.5 |240.0 |246.5 |240.8 |239.2 |261.3 |262.1 |269.4 |267.4 |269.7 |270.8
Graduated h.s. ....|207.8 |213.0 |208.9 |210.8 |209.1 |207.4 |255.5 |253.5 |253.4 |252.7 |251.4 |252.1 |283.0 |277.5 |281.2 |282.0 |282.9 |280.5
Post high school ..|223.9 |226.0 |222.9 |220.0 |217.7 |219.5 |270.2 |270.9 |267.6 |265.3 |266.9 |269.9 |302.2 |298.9 |301.2 |299.5 |299.9 |298.6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Control of school | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Public ............| --- |213.5 |209.4 |210.2 |207.5 |208.6 | --- |256.9 |255.2 |256.1 |255.0 |257.2 | --- |284.4 |287.2 |288.7 |288.6 |287.8
Private ...........| --- |227.0 |222.8 |223.4 |228.3 |224.7 | --- |270.6 |271.2 |268.3 |269.7 |276.3 | --- |298.4 |303.0 |299.6 |311.0 |309.6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Type of community | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Advantaged urban ..|229.8 |232.5 |230.8 |222.4 |227.1 |233.6 |272.9 |276.8 |274.5 |266.3 |270.1 |280.8 |305.9 |300.8 |302.2 |301.0 |299.9 |302.6
Disadvantaged urban|179.2 |187.6 |191.5 |192.0 |186.1 |183.5 |234.3 |241.6 |238.9 |239.0 |241.0 |230.9 |259.7 |258.1 |265.7 |275.0 |273.3 |266.7
Extreme rural .....|200.2 |211.8 |201.2 |213.7 |209.4 |206.5 |247.4 |254.8 |254.9 |262.4 |251.2 |257.2 |276.8 |279.0 |282.7 |286.6 |289.9 |285.3
Other .............|207.8 |214.5 |211.3 |211.3 |209.8 |211.6 |255.4 |257.9 |257.1 |257.3 |257.5 |261.2 |285.2 |286.6 |289.6 |288.3 |290.9 |292.6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Region | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Northeast .........|213.0 |221.1 |215.7 |215.2 |217.4 |217.6 |261.1 |260.0 |260.4 |258.6 |258.9 |264.6 |291.3 |285.9 |292.2 |294.8 |295.7 |297.3
Southeast .........|193.9 |210.3 |204.3 |207.2 |197.4 |199.3 |244.7 |252.6 |256.4 |257.6 |255.5 |253.8 |270.5 |280.1 |284.7 |285.5 |285.1 |278.4
Central ...........|214.9 |216.7 |215.3 |218.2 |212.7 |215.8 |260.1 |264.5 |258.8 |255.9 |257.4 |263.5 |290.7 |287.4 |290.0 |291.2 |293.5 |293.8
West ..............|205.0 |212.8 |207.8 |207.9 |209.6 |209.3 |253.6 |256.4 |253.8 |257.9 |255.6 |257.5 |283.7 |287.3 |288.4 |289.0 |286.8 |290.4
---------------------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------ |
| \1\All participants of this age were in school.
\2\Test scores of Hispanics were not tabulated separately. ---Data not available. NOTE.--These test scores are from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The NAEP scores have been evaluated at certain performance levels. A score of 300 implies an ability to find, understand, summarize, and explain relatively complicated literary and informational material. A score of 250 implies an ability to search for specific information, interrelate ideas, and make generalizations about literature, science, and social studies materials. A score of 200 implies an ability to understand, combine ideas, and make inferences based on short uncomplicated passages about specific or sequentially related information. A score of 150 implies an ability to follow brief written directions and carry out simple, discrete reading tasks. Scale ranges from 0 to 500. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, The Reading Report Card, 1971-88 and NAEP 1992 Trends in Academic Progress, by Educational Testing Service. (This table was prepared April 1994.)
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