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| Table 362. | Federal obligations to colleges and universities for research and development, by field: United States and outlying areas, 1979-80 to 1992-93 |
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Field of science or engineering | 1979-80 | 1980-81 | 1985-86 | 1987-88 | 1988-89 |1989-90\1\ | 1990-91\1\ | 1991-92\1\ | 1992-93\1\
____________________________________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|____________|____________|____________
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10
____________________________________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|____________|____________|____________
Total, all fields ...............|$4,160,543 |$4,410,931 |$6,456,743 |$7,719,162 |$8,522,555 |$9,005,771 |$10,027,270 |$10,859,207 |$10,940,124
|===========|===========|===========|===========|===========|===========|============|============|============
Engineering, total .................| 612,456 | 792,223 | 998,312 | 1,129,303 | 1,157,047 | 474,709 | 543,530 | 587,404 | 676,770
|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|____________|____________|____________
Aeronautical ..................| 28,044 | 31,056 | 42,257 | 47,946 | 66,096 | 45,965 | 44,207 | 48,539 | 50,114
Astronautical .................| 4,634 | 4,875 | 24,147 | 32,516 | 42,276 | 11,803 | 20,977 | 21,407 | 13,402
Chemical ......................| 22,210 | 27,667 | 50,379 | 67,647 | 45,829 | 56,845 | 67,968 | 63,900 | 66,919
Civil .........................| 48,130 | 58,300 | 35,402 | 30,947 | 43,026 | 37,306 | 34,064 | 30,756 | 37,812
Electrical ....................| 86,916 | 115,011 | 212,175 | 251,336 | 240,638 | 53,162 | 60,299 | 68,416 | 67,596
Mechanical ....................| 42,593 | 37,954 | 56,416 | 60,551 | 71,137 | 52,652 | 54,674 | 60,748 | 72,707
Metallurgy and materials ......| 63,057 | 52,815 | 101,457 | 121,228 | 146,253 | 81,678 | 91,686 | 76,926 | 179,379
Engineering, other ............| 316,872 | 464,545 | 476,079 | 517,132 | 501,792 | 135,298 | 169,655 | 216,712 | 188,841
|===========|===========|===========|===========|===========|===========|============|============|============
All sciences, total ................| 3,548,087 | 3,618,708 | 5,458,431 | 6,589,859 | 7,365,508 | 8,531,062 | 9,483,740 | 10,271,873 | 10,263,320
|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|____________|____________|____________
Physical sciences ................| 507,884 | 500,657 | 770,254 | 859,764 | 979,037 | 890,444 | 1,022,807 | 1,134,579 | 1,022,580
Astronomy .....................| 52,736 | 54,835 | 78,435 | 89,791 | 103,271 | 98,804 | 115,212 | 149,417 | 139,579
Chemistry .....................| 170,048 | 165,189 | 255,593 | 281,573 | 299,417 | 272,929 | 295,576 | 325,224 | 320,975
Physics .......................| 249,661 | 250,342 | 379,289 | 426,005 | 505,723 | 453,538 | 518,840 | 544,200 | 510,866
Physical sciences, other ......| 35,439 | 30,291 | 56,937 | 62,395 | 70,626 | 65,173 | 93,179 | 115,738 | 51,160
| | | | | | | | |
Mathematical sciences ............| 53,987 | 53,668 | 96,405 | 119,217 | 134,998 | 109,587 | 125,893 | 140,544 | 131,201
| | | | | | | | |
Computer sciences ................| 37,585 | 37,493 | 82,691 | 84,424 | 123,197 | 99,214 | 113,545 | 124,962 | 135,064
| | | | | | | | |
Environmental sciences ...........| 379,453 | 330,079 | 468,882 | 474,695 | 554,917 | 522,767 | 572,584 | 641,723 | 658,436
Atmospheric sciences ..........| 86,486 | 95,112 | 124,657 | 132,379 | 131,959 | 139,914 | 149,426 | 190,532 | 188,261
Geological sciences ...........| 109,523 | 101,207 | 118,401 | 131,913 | 152,449 | 147,517 | 173,492 | 172,185 | 181,341
Oceanography ..................| 92,079 | 91,863 | 121,855 | 129,473 | 163,035 | 117,636 | 94,448 | 107,897 | 103,283
Environmental sciences, other .| 91,365 | 41,897 | 103,969 | 80,930 | 107,474 | 117,700 | 155,218 | 171,109 | 185,551
| | | | | | | | |
Life sciences ....................| 2,137,751 | 2,290,587 | 3,463,114 | 4,348,004 | 4,730,103 | 4,771,197 | 5,316,159 | 5,625,127 | 5,567,120
Agricultural sciences .........| 111,739 | 134,660 | 143,249 | 155,772 | 180,908 | 181,453 | 193,763 | 207,817 | 184,179
Biological sciences ...........| 1,085,602 | 1,192,756 | 1,849,516 | 2,343,429 | 2,555,864 | 2,573,430 | 2,820,183 | 2,950,701 | 2,932,063
Environmental biology .........| 13,137 | 14,636 | 86,088 | 97,126 | 108,584 | 104,053 | 124,218 | 130,633 | 109,351
Medical sciences ..............| 885,898 | 904,963 | 1,325,157 | 1,691,610 | 1,832,451 | 1,856,782 | 2,098,339 | 2,248,107 | 2,253,575
Life sciences, other ..........| 41,375 | 43,572 | 59,104 | 60,067 | 52,296 | 55,479 | 79,656 | 87,869 | 87,952
| | | | | | | | |
Psychological sciences ...........| 86,459 | 87,734 | 138,338 | 186,924 | 209,344 | 225,987 | 258,886 | 254,311 | 277,642
Biological aspects ............| 28,269 | 26,273 | 39,049 | 53,287 | 66,959 | 71,705 | 80,438 | 75,307 | 8,542
Social aspects ................| 31,129 | 28,846 | 38,589 | 52,113 | 59,502 | 66,960 | 82,257 | 75,285 | 4,729
Psychological sciences, other .| 27,061 | 32,615 | 60,700 | 81,524 | 82,883 | 87,322 | 96,191 | 103,719 | 264,371
| | | | | | | | |
Social sciences ..................| 203,948 | 197,695 | 172,148 | 184,539 | 218,404 | 250,366 | 303,798 | 301,056 | 267,051
Anthropology ..................| 7,757 | 5,543 | 6,455 | 5,972 | 7,054 | 7,061 | 8,768 | 9,015 | 8,474
Economics .....................| 51,414 | 56,704 | 43,764 | 48,039 | 51,806 | 58,441 | 60,142 | 70,582 | 68,116
History .......................| 1,688 | 1,069 | 1,508 | 1,527 | 1,665 | 1,890 | 2,116 | 2,166 | 2,014
Linguistics ...................| 2,997 | 2,745 | 2,481 | 3,248 | 3,402 | 3,055 | 3,383 | 3,684 | 3,554
Political science .............| 5,890 | 5,122 | 5,003 | 5,926 | 6,988 | 7,415 | 8,287 | 8,894 | 7,687
Sociology .....................| 34,903 | 38,136 | 34,580 | 55,204 | 75,404 | 96,240 | 113,829 | 104,430 | 35,666
Social sciences, other ........| 99,299 | 88,376 | 78,357 | 64,623 | 72,085 | 76,264 | 107,273 | 102,285 | 141,540
| | | | | | | | |
Other sciences ...................| 141,020 | 120,795 | 266,599 | 332,292 | 415,508 | 1,661,500 | 1,770,068 | 2,049,571 | 2,204,226
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Residual amounts .................| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -70 | 34
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\1\All U.S. Department of Defense data are reported as other sciences. NOTE.--Some data have been revised from previously published figures. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Science Resources Studies Division, unpublished data. (This table was prepared May 1995.) |
