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Digest of Education Statistics
1995 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest

Table 362.Federal obligations to colleges and universities for research and development, by field: United States and outlying areas, 1979-80 to 1992-93

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                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |            |            |
  Field of science or engineering   |  1979-80  |  1980-81  |  1985-86  |  1987-88  |  1988-89  |1989-90\1\ | 1990-91\1\ | 1991-92\1\ | 1992-93\1\
____________________________________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|____________|____________|____________
                 1                  |     2     |     3     |     4     |     5     |     6     |     7     |     8      |     9      |     10
____________________________________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|____________|____________|____________
   Total, all fields ...............|$4,160,543 |$4,410,931 |$6,456,743 |$7,719,162 |$8,522,555 |$9,005,771 |$10,027,270 |$10,859,207 |$10,940,124
                                    |===========|===========|===========|===========|===========|===========|============|============|============
Engineering, total .................|   612,456 |   792,223 |   998,312 | 1,129,303 | 1,157,047 |   474,709 |    543,530 |    587,404 |    676,770
                                    |___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|____________|____________|____________
     Aeronautical ..................|    28,044 |    31,056 |    42,257 |    47,946 |    66,096 |    45,965 |     44,207 |     48,539 |     50,114
     Astronautical .................|     4,634 |     4,875 |    24,147 |    32,516 |    42,276 |    11,803 |     20,977 |     21,407 |     13,402
     Chemical ......................|    22,210 |    27,667 |    50,379 |    67,647 |    45,829 |    56,845 |     67,968 |     63,900 |     66,919
     Civil .........................|    48,130 |    58,300 |    35,402 |    30,947 |    43,026 |    37,306 |     34,064 |     30,756 |     37,812
     Electrical ....................|    86,916 |   115,011 |   212,175 |   251,336 |   240,638 |    53,162 |     60,299 |     68,416 |     67,596
     Mechanical ....................|    42,593 |    37,954 |    56,416 |    60,551 |    71,137 |    52,652 |     54,674 |     60,748 |     72,707
     Metallurgy and materials ......|    63,057 |    52,815 |   101,457 |   121,228 |   146,253 |    81,678 |     91,686 |     76,926 |    179,379
     Engineering, other ............|   316,872 |   464,545 |   476,079 |   517,132 |   501,792 |   135,298 |    169,655 |    216,712 |    188,841
                                    |===========|===========|===========|===========|===========|===========|============|============|============
All sciences, total ................| 3,548,087 | 3,618,708 | 5,458,431 | 6,589,859 | 7,365,508 | 8,531,062 |  9,483,740 | 10,271,873 | 10,263,320
                                    |___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|____________|____________|____________
  Physical sciences ................|   507,884 |   500,657 |   770,254 |   859,764 |   979,037 |   890,444 |  1,022,807 |  1,134,579 |  1,022,580
     Astronomy .....................|    52,736 |    54,835 |    78,435 |    89,791 |   103,271 |    98,804 |    115,212 |    149,417 |    139,579
     Chemistry .....................|   170,048 |   165,189 |   255,593 |   281,573 |   299,417 |   272,929 |    295,576 |    325,224 |    320,975
     Physics .......................|   249,661 |   250,342 |   379,289 |   426,005 |   505,723 |   453,538 |    518,840 |    544,200 |    510,866
     Physical sciences, other ......|    35,439 |    30,291 |    56,937 |    62,395 |    70,626 |    65,173 |     93,179 |    115,738 |     51,160
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |            |            |
  Mathematical sciences ............|    53,987 |    53,668 |    96,405 |   119,217 |   134,998 |   109,587 |    125,893 |    140,544 |    131,201
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |            |            |
  Computer sciences ................|    37,585 |    37,493 |    82,691 |    84,424 |   123,197 |    99,214 |    113,545 |    124,962 |    135,064
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |            |            |
  Environmental sciences ...........|   379,453 |   330,079 |   468,882 |   474,695 |   554,917 |   522,767 |    572,584 |    641,723 |    658,436
     Atmospheric sciences ..........|    86,486 |    95,112 |   124,657 |   132,379 |   131,959 |   139,914 |    149,426 |    190,532 |    188,261
     Geological sciences ...........|   109,523 |   101,207 |   118,401 |   131,913 |   152,449 |   147,517 |    173,492 |    172,185 |    181,341
     Oceanography ..................|    92,079 |    91,863 |   121,855 |   129,473 |   163,035 |   117,636 |     94,448 |    107,897 |    103,283
     Environmental sciences, other .|    91,365 |    41,897 |   103,969 |    80,930 |   107,474 |   117,700 |    155,218 |    171,109 |    185,551
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |            |            |
  Life sciences ....................| 2,137,751 | 2,290,587 | 3,463,114 | 4,348,004 | 4,730,103 | 4,771,197 |  5,316,159 |  5,625,127 |  5,567,120
     Agricultural sciences .........|   111,739 |   134,660 |   143,249 |   155,772 |   180,908 |   181,453 |    193,763 |    207,817 |    184,179
     Biological sciences ...........| 1,085,602 | 1,192,756 | 1,849,516 | 2,343,429 | 2,555,864 | 2,573,430 |  2,820,183 |  2,950,701 |  2,932,063
     Environmental biology .........|    13,137 |    14,636 |    86,088 |    97,126 |   108,584 |   104,053 |    124,218 |    130,633 |    109,351
     Medical sciences ..............|   885,898 |   904,963 | 1,325,157 | 1,691,610 | 1,832,451 | 1,856,782 |  2,098,339 |  2,248,107 |  2,253,575
     Life sciences, other ..........|    41,375 |    43,572 |    59,104 |    60,067 |    52,296 |    55,479 |     79,656 |     87,869 |     87,952
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |            |            |
  Psychological sciences ...........|    86,459 |    87,734 |   138,338 |   186,924 |   209,344 |   225,987 |    258,886 |    254,311 |    277,642
     Biological aspects ............|    28,269 |    26,273 |    39,049 |    53,287 |    66,959 |    71,705 |     80,438 |     75,307 |      8,542
     Social aspects ................|    31,129 |    28,846 |    38,589 |    52,113 |    59,502 |    66,960 |     82,257 |     75,285 |      4,729
     Psychological sciences, other .|    27,061 |    32,615 |    60,700 |    81,524 |    82,883 |    87,322 |     96,191 |    103,719 |    264,371
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |            |            |
  Social sciences ..................|   203,948 |   197,695 |   172,148 |   184,539 |   218,404 |   250,366 |    303,798 |    301,056 |    267,051
     Anthropology ..................|     7,757 |     5,543 |     6,455 |     5,972 |     7,054 |     7,061 |      8,768 |      9,015 |      8,474
     Economics .....................|    51,414 |    56,704 |    43,764 |    48,039 |    51,806 |    58,441 |     60,142 |     70,582 |     68,116
     History .......................|     1,688 |     1,069 |     1,508 |     1,527 |     1,665 |     1,890 |      2,116 |      2,166 |      2,014
     Linguistics ...................|     2,997 |     2,745 |     2,481 |     3,248 |     3,402 |     3,055 |      3,383 |      3,684 |      3,554
     Political science .............|     5,890 |     5,122 |     5,003 |     5,926 |     6,988 |     7,415 |      8,287 |      8,894 |      7,687
     Sociology .....................|    34,903 |    38,136 |    34,580 |    55,204 |    75,404 |    96,240 |    113,829 |    104,430 |     35,666
     Social sciences, other ........|    99,299 |    88,376 |    78,357 |    64,623 |    72,085 |    76,264 |    107,273 |    102,285 |    141,540
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |            |            |
  Other sciences ...................|   141,020 |   120,795 |   266,599 |   332,292 |   415,508 | 1,661,500 |  1,770,068 |  2,049,571 |  2,204,226
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |            |            |
  Residual amounts .................|         0 |         0 |         0 |         0 |         0 |         0 |          0 |        -70 |         34
____________________________________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|____________|____________|____________

\1\All U.S. Department of Defense data are reported as other sciences.

NOTE.--Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Science Resources Studies Division, unpublished data. (This table was prepared May 1995.)


1995 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest