Digest of Education Statistics
2025 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest

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Table 236.60.Total and current expenditures per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by function and subfunction: Selected school years, 1990-91 through 2022-23
Function and subfunction Expenditures per pupil in unadjusted dollars1 Expenditures per pupil in constant 2024-25 dollars2
1990-91 2000-01 2009-10 2010-11 2018-19 2019-203,4 2020-213,4 2021-223,4 2022-233,4 1990-91 2000-01 2009-10 2010-11 2018-19 2019-203,4 2020-213,4 2021-223,4 2022-233,4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
     Total expenditures5 $5,484 $8,572 $12,133 $12,054 $15,036 $15,524 $16,371 $17,686 $18,905 $13,013 $15,557 $17,787 $17,322 $18,870 $19,172 $19,760 $19,932 $20,039
Current expenditures for public 
   schools		 4,902 7,380 10,636 10,663 13,189 13,496 14,321 15,593 16,560 11,632 13,395 15,592 15,322 16,552 16,667 17,285 17,573 17,553

  Salaries		 3,220
6		 4,752 6,366 6,300 7,294 7,548 7,919 8,461 8,890 7,642
6		 8,625 9,332 9,053 9,154 9,322 9,558 9,535 9,424
  Employee benefits 824 6 1,228 2,199 2,260 3,191 3,287 3,453 3,622 3,871 1,955 6 2,229 3,223 3,247 4,005 4,060 4,168 4,082 4,103
  Purchased services 397 6 673 1,053 1,082 1,489 1,484 1,573 1,916 2,101 943 6 1,222 1,544 1,555 1,869 1,833 1,899 2,160 2,227
  Tuition 29 6 52 96 101 178 178 182 181 200 69 6 95 141 145 224 220 220 204 212
  Supplies 359 6 599 818 817 925 884 1,074 1,257 1,319 852 6 1,087 1,199 1,174 1,161 1,092 1,297 1,417 1,399
  Other 72 6 76 104 103 111 114 119 155 177 171 6 138 153 148 140 141 144 175 188

  Instruction		 2,965 4,541 6,511 6,522 7,970 8,163 8,695 9,282 9,748 7,037 8,241 9,545 9,372 10,002 10,082 10,495 10,460 10,333
    Salaries 2,202 3,273 4,347 4,307 4,900 5,053 5,307 5,632 5,865 5,224 5,941 6,372 6,189 6,150 6,240 6,406 6,348 6,217
    Employee benefits 542 837 1,481 1,522 2,149 2,204 2,313 2,415 2,560 1,287 1,520 2,171 2,187 2,697 2,722 2,792 2,722 2,714
    Purchased services 66 136 281 297 404 402 440 543 599 157 247 411 427 507 496 531 612 635
    Tuition 29 52 96 101 178 178 182 181 200 69 95 141 145 224 220 220 204 212
    Supplies 111 220 277 266 308 302 426 477 484 264 399 407 382 387 373 514 538 513
      Textbooks --- --- 52 47 49 51 56 70 74 --- --- 76 68 62 63 67 79 78
    Other 15 22 29 30 30 26 26 33 40 36 40 43 43 38 32 32 37 42

  Student support7		 217 366 591 594 809 851 928 1,040 1,108 514 665 866 853 1,015 1,051 1,120 1,173 1,174
    Salaries 159 262 393 392 498 528 569 621 664 378 475 576 563 625 652 687 700 703
    Employee benefits 40 64 128 132 212 226 245 264 290 96 117 188 190 266 279 296 298 307
    Purchased services 11 28 50 52 80 78 85 124 124 26 51 74 75 100 96 103 139 131
    Supplies 5 9 11 11 14 15 24 26 24 11 16 16 15 18 18 29 29 26
    Other 1 3 7 7 5 5 4 6 7 3 6 11 11 6 6 5 6 7

  Instructional staff support8 		205 337 509 503 637 681 730 814 893 487 612 746 723 799 841 881 918 947
    Salaries 135 207 301 293 350 375 396 431 472 320 376 441 421 439 463 478 486 500
    Employee benefits 34 50 98 100 142 150 159 171 189 81 91 144 143 178 185 192 192 200
    Purchased services 15 42 69 70 99 107 107 140 161 36 77 100 100 124 132 129 157 170
    Supplies 19 33 37 37 41 43 63 66 64 45 60 55 53 52 53 76 74 68
    Other 2 4 5 4 5 6 6 7 8 6 8 7 6 7 7 7 8 9

  General administration		 141 151 211 212 247 263 279 302 323 333 273 310 305 310 324 336 340 342
    Salaries 63 71 90 89 105 108 113 119 126 150 129 132 128 131 134 136 134 134
    Employee benefits 19 21 37 38 47 49 51 52 56 45 38 54 54 59 60 61 59 59
    Purchased services 36 44 64 65 74 83 89 100 108 85 81 93 94 93 103 108 113 115
    Supplies 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 8 7 7 8 8 10 9 9
    Other 18 10 16 16 16 16 18 22 24 43 17 23 22 20 19 21 24 26

  School administration		 284 415 579 580 750 771 822 867 920 673 753 848 833 941 952 992 978 975
    Salaries 217 314 413 408 503 518 549 579 609 514 570 605 587 631 640 663 652 646
    Employee benefits 55 78 136 141 211 216 228 238 254 130 142 200 203 264 267 275 269 269
    Purchased services 6 13 19 19 23 24 28 31 35 14 24 28 27 29 29 33 35 37
    Supplies 5 8 9 9 10 9 12 13 15 11 14 12 12 12 12 14 15 16
    Other 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 4 4 4 4 5 4 6 7 8

  Operation and maintenance		 517 721 1,014 1,015 1,216 1,224 1,332 1,450 1,581 1,226 1,309 1,487 1,459 1,526 1,512 1,607 1,634 1,676
    Salaries 215 285 364 356 388 399 418 444 476 510 518 534 512 487 493 504 501 505
    Employee benefits 64 80 143 146 181 186 198 206 222 152 145 209 209 227 230 239 232 235
    Purchased services 139 204 265 270 386 386 416 479 531 329 371 389 388 485 476 502 540 563
    Supplies 91 146 233 235 253 243 286 307 336 217 264 341 338 317 300 346 346 356
    Other 8 6 9 9 9 10 14 14 16 19 11 13 12 11 12 16 15 17

  Student transportation		 211 298 442 452 553 518 501 614 672 500 540 648 650 694 640 605 692 713
    Salaries 80 115 155 152 180 180 174 201 217 189 208 227 219 226 223 210 226 230
    Employee benefits 22 34 62 63 83 83 83 88 95 51 61 91 91 104 102 100 99 100
    Purchased services 81 122 182 185 238 214 205 264 292 193 222 267 266 298 264 248 298 310
    Supplies 23 25 40 48 47 36 34 56 61 55 45 58 69 59 44 41 63 65
    Other 5 3 4 4 6 5 5 6 7 11 5 6 6 7 6 6 7 8

  Other support services9		 136 242 348 349 490 526 580 636 680 322 440 511 501 615 649 701 716 721
    Salaries 70 117 165 165 212 222 239 259 275 167 212 243 237 266 275 288 292 292
    Employee benefits 24 34 64 67 98 102 110 116 129 56 61 93 96 124 126 132 131 137
    Purchased services 19 59 79 78 124 132 148 160 172 46 107 116 113 155 163 179 180 183
    Supplies 7 13 17 18 29 33 50 51 51 17 24 25 25 36 41 61 57 54
    Other 15 19 23 21 27 36 33 50 53 35 35 33 31 34 44 40 57 56

  Food services		 205 293 405 412 494 477 435 565 608 485 531 594 593 620 589 526 637 645
    Salaries --- 105 131 131 152 157 146 167 179 --- 191 193 188 191 193 176 188 189
    Employee benefits --- 29 49 50 66 68 65 69 75 --- 53 72 72 82 84 78 78 79
    Purchased services --- 20 39 42 58 56 52 73 75 --- 35 57 60 73 69 62 82 80
    Supplies --- 136 181 184 212 191 166 248 269 --- 247 266 265 266 236 200 280 285
    Other --- 3 5 5 6 5 7 9 10 --- 5 7 7 8 6 8 10 11

  Enterprise operations10		 23 16 25 22 24 22 19 22 26 55 30 37 32 30 27 23 25 27
    Salaries --- 3 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 --- 5 10 10 9 9 8 8 9
    Employee benefits --- 1 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 --- 1 3 3 4 4 3 3 3
    Purchased services --- 4 5 3 4 4 3 4 4 --- 7 8 5 4 4 4 4 4
    Supplies --- 5 7 6 6 5 5 6 6 --- 9 11 8 7 7 6 6 7
    Other --- 4 4 4 4 3 2 3 4 --- 8 6 6 5 3 2 4 4

Capital outlay11		 477 976 1,148 1,029 1,443 1,604 1,609 1,656 1,893 1,132 1,772 1,683 1,479 1,811 1,981 1,943 1,867 2,007

Interest on school debt		 105 215 349 363 404 424 440 437 452 249 391 512 521 507 523 531 492 479
---Not available.
1Unadjusted (or "current") dollars have not been adjusted to compensate for inflation.
2Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.
3Includes expenditures paid from funds authorized by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act of 2020, the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations (CRRSA) Act of 2021, and the American Rescue Plan (ARP) of 2021.
4Excludes prekindergarten expenditures and prekindergarten enrollment for California.
5Excludes "Other current expenditures," such as community services, private school programs, adult education, and other programs not allocable to expenditures per pupil in public schools.
6Includes estimated data for subfunctions of food services and enterprise operations.
7Includes expenditures for guidance, health, attendance, and speech pathology services.
8Includes expenditures for curriculum development, staff training, libraries, and media and computer centers.
9Includes business support services concerned with paying, transporting, exchanging, and maintaining goods and services for local education agencies; central support services, including planning, research, evaluation, information, staff, and data processing services; and other support services.
10Includes expenditures for operations funded by sales of products or services (e.g., school bookstore or computer time).
11Includes expenditures for property and for buildings and alterations completed by school district staff or contractors.
NOTE: Data in this table represent the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "National Public Education Financial Survey," selected years 1990-91 through 2022-23. (This table was prepared March 2026.)

2025 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest

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