Gross domestic product per capita and expenditures on education institutions per full-time-equivalent (FTE) student, by level of education and country: Selected years, 2005 through 2020

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Table 605.10.Gross domestic product per capita and expenditures on education institutions per full-time-equivalent (FTE) student, by level of education and country: Selected years, 2005 through 2020
Country	Gross domestic product per capita						Elementary and secondary education expenditures per FTE student¹											Postsecondary expenditures per FTE student¹
Country	2005	2010	2015	2018	2019	2020	2005	2010		2015		2018		2019		2020		2005	2010	2015	2018		2019		2020
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9		10		11		12		13		14	15	16	17		18		19
	Current dollars
OECD average²	$27,961	$33,884	$40,251	$46,011	$47,969	$46,981	$6,147	$8,086		$9,237		$10,446		$11,057		$11,521		$10,111	$12,813	$15,473	$17,180		$17,971		$18,534
Australia³	35,659	42,816	47,227	53,025	52,785	55,773	6,891	10,309		10,745		12,244		12,520		13,849		14,172	16,301	20,304	20,676		20,664		22,204
Austria	35,025	42,019	49,942	56,956	59,720	57,259	---	---		13,935		15,227		15,820		16,004		---	---	17,561	20,417		21,946		21,753
Belgium	33,177	39,837	46,202	52,531	55,805	54,544	7,583	10,457		11,893		13,298		13,976		14,920		12,286	15,449	17,470	20,434		21,689		22,555
Canada⁴	36,328	40,099	44,670	49,993	49,832	47,226	---	9,944	⁵	10,568	⁵	11,771	⁵	11,922	⁵	12,460	⁵	---	---	21,810	24,326		22,554		24,363
Chile	12,601	18,041	22,564	25,496	25,509	24,739	2,140	3,279		4,261		6,607		6,105		5,893		5,969	7,160	6,731	9,160		10,417		10,458
Colombia⁴	8,676	11,206	13,763	15,815	16,485	15,615	---	---		2,727		3,398		3,773		4,352		---	---	4,686	5,333		4,646		4,981
Costa Rica	10,297	13,325	17,649	21,313	22,739	21,756	---	---		---		---		---		---		---	---	---	16,705	⁶	17,023	⁶	15,424
Czech Republic	22,046	27,767	33,909	41,157	44,223	42,818	4,051	5,763		7,120		9,207		10,619		10,858		6,572	7,954	10,960	16,148		17,963		16,237
Denmark	34,153	43,006	49,058	57,479	59,884	60,768	8,942	11,749		---		13,145		13,747		14,193		14,867	19,552	---	21,643		23,347		23,432
Estonia	16,584	21,589	29,223	36,489	39,068	39,461	3,706	6,213		6,683		8,408		9,244		9,426		3,838	6,750	12,906	17,485		17,244		17,930
Finland	32,052	38,954	42,490	49,573	51,812	52,294	6,638	8,826		10,042		10,634		11,692		12,181		12,332	17,173	17,620	18,124		18,665		19,583
France	30,504	35,910	40,830	46,337	50,227	47,830	7,423	9,118		9,960		11,190		12,094		12,119		11,189	15,144	16,257	17,404		18,703		18,880
Germany	32,237	39,675	47,610	55,196	57,412	56,454	7,071	9,210		10,899		12,796		13,642		14,343		13,057	17,293	17,063	19,356		20,223		20,760
Greece⁴	25,577	27,912	26,760	29,618	31,156	28,417	5,354	---		6,313		6,935		7,175		---		6,320	---	4,103	3,499		4,300		---
Hungary	17,108	21,742	26,799	31,909	34,646	34,170	---	---		5,984		7,164		8,298		7,921		---	---	8,815	13,759		12,478		12,098
Iceland	37,428	39,778	49,203	57,201	59,602	54,298	8,961	8,797		11,228		14,316		15,186		15,262		9,665	8,937	12,694	15,378		17,134		16,128
Ireland⁷	40,465	43,212	69,306	85,035	89,759	94,647	6,481	9,742		8,508		9,908		10,202		11,090		10,582	---	16,539	17,130		17,442		17,400
Israel	25,514	29,377	35,796	40,082	40,664	40,073	4,579	5,674		---		9,423		9,453		9,823		9,952	10,300	10,651	12,507		12,941		12,314
Italy	30,028	34,838	37,206	43,428	45,800	43,150	7,103	8,163		9,045		11,181		10,901		11,096		7,274	10,054	11,318	12,281		12,568		12,663
Japan⁸	32,174	35,343	40,909	42,265	42,427	41,867	7,471	8,879		10,100		10,141		10,470		11,076		14,653	17,386	19,180	19,225		19,519		19,676
Korea, Republic of	25,187	31,737	37,902	43,044	43,410	44,695	---	---		11,204		13,969		15,345		15,148		---	---	10,268	11,433		11,396		12,225
Latvia	13,914	17,709	24,975	30,892	32,939	33,011	3,033	4,753		6,882		7,091		7,649		7,765		4,270	5,853	10,222	10,331		12,572		13,043
Lithuania	14,511	20,097	28,834	36,377	39,958	40,176	---	4,538		5,312		6,551		7,528		8,463		4,502	7,166	9,695	9,908		11,432		13,629
Luxembourg	68,708	90,253	107,898	116,335	119,364	119,408	---	---		20,706		21,968		24,084		24,864		---	---	49,516	48,828		53,233		53,421
Mexico	12,522	15,229	18,430	20,561	20,245	18,466	2,007	2,543		3,075		2,894		2,928		2,760		6,225	8,125	8,379	7,844		7,331		5,887
Netherlands	37,625	45,043	50,288	57,825	60,208	59,821	7,760	9,890		11,023		12,642		13,133		13,855		15,411	17,600	19,397	20,871		21,315		21,642
New Zealand	25,590	31,138	37,247	42,321	45,518	45,457	5,003	6,397		7,201		7,830		8,517		9,350		10,394	12,921	14,815	17,237		18,793		19,567
Norway	47,970	58,230	60,722	70,253	69,915	65,136	9,793	12,933		14,066		15,994		16,400		16,484		---	18,855	20,552	25,464		25,943		24,374
Poland	13,898	20,633	26,496	31,662	34,593	34,897	3,181	5,580		6,786		8,337	⁹	9,056		9,415		4,774	7,213	9,775	11,183		13,389		14,488
Portugal	22,725	27,261	29,661	34,929	37,299	34,956	5,620	---		8,575		10,012		10,499		10,449		9,636	10,260	11,823	11,778		12,228		12,104
Slovak Republic	16,595	25,221	30,062	31,374	33,459	32,912	2,770	5,277		6,763		6,955		7,986		8,674		5,846	7,191	15,912	11,992		13,288		14,637
Slovenia	23,849	27,822	31,632	39,008	42,119	40,886	7,072	8,668		8,445		9,595		10,182		10,579		---	8,982	10,256	14,077		15,755		17,795
Spain	27,601	31,691	34,945	40,777	43,136	38,039	6,329	8,363		8,228		9,338		10,001		10,173		9,924	13,192	12,664	13,804		14,707		14,361
Sweden	34,244	42,222	49,103	53,522	56,404	56,141	7,672	10,097		11,582		13,136		13,636		13,865		15,550	20,635	24,679	26,132		26,907		26,215
Switzerland	41,245	54,349	65,265	70,689	72,669	70,811	---	---		15,151	⁶	12,306	⁶	12,916	⁶	13,288	⁶	---	---	---	---		---		---
Türkiye	11,911	17,346	25,856	28,281	28,011	27,974	---	---		4,575		4,709		5,047		4,446		---	---	10,409	10,013		9,771		9,288
United Kingdom	32,741	36,583	42,602	47,219	49,318	45,872	7,698	9,423		11,106		12,171		12,674		13,141		---	---	26,506	29,730		30,063		29,534
United States	44,052	48,570	56,521	62,450	64,690	63,481	9,775	11,809		12,595		14,009		14,671		15,186		23,637	25,681	30,001	34,036		35,347		36,172
	Constant 2022 dollars
OECD average²	$46,070	$47,782	$50,978	$54,153	$54,891	$52,756	$10,077	$11,391		$11,714		$12,314		$12,675		$12,953		$16,164	$17,985	$19,525	$20,216		$20,562		$20,770
Australia³	58,162	61,033	64,779	66,438	65,426	66,067	11,240	14,695		14,739		15,341		15,518		16,405		23,115	23,236	27,851	25,906		25,613		26,302
Austria	59,639	62,603	63,927	66,680	67,387	62,761	---	---		17,837		17,827		17,851		17,541		---	---	22,478	23,902		24,764		23,844
Belgium	56,690	58,684	60,503	62,529	63,598	59,901	12,957	15,405		15,574		15,828		15,928		16,385		20,994	22,758	22,877	24,323		24,718		24,770
Canada⁴	53,232	53,448	56,617	58,333	58,587	55,020	---	13,255	⁵	13,394	⁵	13,735	⁵	14,016	⁵	14,517	⁵	---	---	27,644	28,384		26,517		28,383
Chile	21,348	24,683	28,389	29,181	28,850	26,589	3,626	4,486		5,361		7,561		6,905		6,333		10,113	9,795	8,469	10,483		11,781		11,240
Colombia⁴	13,705	16,108	19,146	19,505	19,676	17,902	---	---		3,794		4,190		4,504		4,989		---	---	6,519	6,577		5,545		5,710
Costa Rica	16,310	19,206	21,779	23,426	23,734	22,483	---	---		---		---		---		---		---	---	---	18,361	⁶	17,768	⁶	15,940
Czech Republic	36,329	39,961	43,355	47,879	49,131	46,294	6,675	8,294		9,103		10,710		11,797		11,740		10,830	11,447	14,013	18,785		19,956		17,555
Denmark	64,340	63,521	66,114	70,199	70,965	69,090	16,846	17,354		---		16,054		16,291		16,137		28,008	28,879	---	26,433		27,668		26,641
Estonia	32,120	32,073	38,380	43,277	44,703	44,320	7,179	9,231		8,777		9,972		10,577		10,587		7,433	10,028	16,950	20,737		19,730		20,139
Finland	53,896	55,205	54,230	57,814	58,465	56,994	11,161	12,509		12,816		12,402		13,193		13,276		20,737	24,337	22,488	21,137		21,062		21,343
France	50,225	50,836	52,243	54,324	55,075	50,604	12,221	12,907		12,744		13,119		13,261		12,822		18,422	21,439	20,801	20,404		20,508		19,975
Germany	52,448	56,346	60,214	62,888	63,422	60,945	11,504	13,081		13,784		14,579		15,070		15,484		21,243	24,560	21,580	22,054		22,340		22,411
Greece⁴	40,521	39,379	33,029	34,059	34,737	31,677	8,482	---		7,792		7,975		8,000		---		10,012	---	5,064	4,024		4,795		---
Hungary	29,016	29,091	32,717	36,989	38,806	37,125	---	---		7,305		8,304		9,294		8,606		---	---	10,762	15,950		13,976		13,144
Iceland	60,554	59,580	65,456	71,324	71,021	64,817	14,499	13,177		14,936		17,851		18,095		18,218		15,637	13,385	16,887	19,175		20,417		19,253
Ireland⁷	64,835	60,281	81,148	94,594	98,261	103,645	10,384	13,590		9,962		11,022		11,169		12,144		16,956	---	19,365	19,055		19,094		19,055
Israel	34,210	38,588	42,097	44,982	45,800	44,329	6,140	7,453		---		10,575		10,647		10,867		13,344	13,529	12,526	14,035		14,575		13,622
Italy	52,588	50,402	48,382	50,582	50,952	46,606	12,439	11,809		11,762		13,023		12,128		11,985		12,738	14,546	14,717	14,305		13,982		13,678
Japan⁸	41,868	41,673	44,228	45,840	45,756	43,958	9,722	10,469		10,919		10,999		11,291		11,629		19,068	20,500	20,736	20,852		21,050		20,658
Korea, Republic of	31,639	37,996	42,894	46,360	47,236	46,836	---	---		12,679		15,046		16,697		15,873		---	---	11,620	12,314		12,400		12,811
Latvia	24,818	25,849	32,507	36,700	37,900	37,305	5,411	6,938		8,957		8,424		8,801		8,775		7,617	8,544	13,305	12,274		14,466		14,740
Lithuania	25,735	29,267	37,585	43,329	45,453	45,431	---	6,608		6,925		7,804		8,564		9,570		7,984	10,436	12,637	11,802		13,004		15,412
Luxembourg	129,581	136,395	135,214	136,146	137,254	133,939	---	---		25,948		25,709		27,694		27,890		---	---	62,052	57,143		61,212		59,922
Mexico	19,367	19,544	21,355	22,439	22,104	20,109	3,103	3,263		3,563		3,158		3,197		3,005		9,628	10,428	9,709	8,560		8,005		6,411
Netherlands	59,169	62,239	63,363	67,054	67,920	64,918	12,203	13,666		13,889		14,659		14,816		15,036		24,235	24,320	24,440	24,203		24,045		23,485
New Zealand	41,280	42,262	46,154	48,986	49,316	48,505	8,070	8,683		8,923		9,064		9,228		9,977		16,767	17,537	18,357	19,951		20,361		20,879
Norway	106,115	105,075	107,935	110,219	110,708	108,663	21,664	23,337		25,002		25,093		25,969		27,500		---	34,023	36,533	39,950		41,080		40,662
Poland	22,164	27,520	32,141	36,900	38,569	37,822	5,072	7,442		8,232		9,717	⁹	10,096		10,204		7,614	9,621	11,858	13,033		14,928		15,703
Portugal	36,372	37,217	36,422	39,842	40,900	37,466	8,996	---		10,530		11,420		11,513		11,200		15,423	14,007	14,518	13,435		13,408		12,973
Slovak Republic	22,615	28,737	32,537	35,366	36,205	34,951	3,774	6,013		7,320		7,840		8,642		9,211		7,966	8,194	17,222	13,518		14,379		15,543
Slovenia	36,653	39,272	39,810	44,788	45,988	43,749	10,869	12,235		10,629		11,016		11,117		11,319		---	12,678	12,907	16,162		17,202		19,041
Spain	43,718	42,999	43,105	46,462	47,005	41,545	10,024	11,347		10,149		10,640		10,898		11,110		15,719	17,899	15,621	15,728		16,026		15,684
Sweden	53,524	56,293	59,989	61,662	62,253	60,463	11,992	13,461		14,149		15,134		15,050		14,933		24,304	27,512	30,150	30,106		29,697		28,233
Switzerland	71,601	76,716	79,197	81,985	82,332	79,791	---	---		18,385	⁶	14,273	⁶	14,633	⁶	14,973	⁶	---	---	---	---		---		---
Türkiye	20,457	22,371	29,439	32,355	32,145	32,452	---	---		5,208		5,388		5,792		5,158		---	---	11,851	11,456		11,213		10,775
United Kingdom	49,751	49,005	52,109	54,361	54,935	48,668	11,697	12,622		13,585		14,012		14,118		13,942		---	---	32,422	34,227		33,487		31,334
United States	64,049	64,257	68,687	72,007	73,276	70,980	14,212	15,623		15,306		16,153		16,618		16,979		34,367	33,975	36,459	39,244		40,038		40,445
---Not available.
¹Includes both government and private expenditures. Includes expenditures on both public and private institutions unless otherwise noted.
²The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) average refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting OECD countries, to which each country reporting data contributes equally. The average includes all current OECD countries for which a given year's data are available, even if they were not members of OECD in that year.
³Due to revised data sources and methodology, expenditure data from 2018 onward are not comparable with data from earlier years.
⁴Elementary and secondary education expenditures exclude postsecondary nondegree programs. Postsecondary nondegree figures are treated as negligible.
⁵Elementary and secondary education expenditures include preprimary education (for children ages 3 and older).
⁶Includes public institutions only.
⁷Methodology has been revised due to a large GDP increase in 2015, resulting in a break in trend expenditure data for years prior to 2015.
⁸Postsecondary nondegree programs included in both secondary and postsecondary programs.
⁹Due to educational structural reform in school year 2017-18, ISCED 1 to 3 data for 2017 are not comparable to earlier years of data.
NOTE: All education expenditure data in this table were calculated using International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011. Expenditures for ISCED level 4 (postsecondary nondegree programs) are included in elementary and secondary education expenditures unless otherwise noted. Data adjusted to U.S. dollars by the OECD using the purchasing power parity (PPP) index. Constant dollars are based on national gross domestic product deflators and PPP indexes, available in the OECD database cited in the SOURCE note below. Data are collected for the financial year ending in the reported year for each country. For more information on the financial year reported by OECD countries, see Annex Table X1.3 here: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/e13bef63-en/1/3/6/1/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/e13bef63-en&_csp_=a4f4b3d408c9dd70d167f10de61b8717&itemIGO=oecd&itemContentType=book#boxsection-d1e34478-d661fe93c8. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. This table includes only data that had been validated for consistency and accuracy by OECD and the relevant country as of October 3, 2023.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Online Education Database, retrieved October 3, 2023, from https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx. (This table was prepared October 2023.)

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