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| 2023 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Total | Age group | Sex | Selected race/ethnicity | Family income1 | Nativity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 16 and 17 years old | 18 years old and over | Male | Female | Black | Hispanic | White | Low income | Middle income | High income | U.S.-born | Foreign-born | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent employed2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1970 | 31.9 | (0.88) | 30.8 | (0.93) | 39.7 | (2.55) | 35.2 | (1.24) | 28.3 | (1.22) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 22.0 | (2.51) | 31.5 | (1.12) | 35.9 | (1.64) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | |||
| 1975 | 33.2 | (0.85) | 32.9 | (0.91) | 34.9 | (2.40) | 35.0 | (1.19) | 31.2 | (1.22) | 13.9 | (1.63) | 21.8 | (3.59) | 38.0 | (1.00) | 18.4 | (2.22) | 31.8 | (1.10) | 40.4 | (1.59) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | |||
| 1980 | 35.6 | (0.87) | 34.9 | (0.94) | 39.6 | (2.28) | 36.9 | (1.22) | 34.2 | (1.24) | 15.0 | (1.64) | 24.1 | (3.65) | 41.2 | (1.03) | 19.4 | (2.10) | 35.2 | (1.15) | 42.3 | (1.59) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | |||
| 1985 | 31.6 | (0.93) | 30.8 | (1.00) | 36.1 | (2.47) | 32.1 | (1.29) | 31.0 | (1.33) | 15.0 | (1.85) | 17.6 | (2.63) | 37.9 | (1.15) | 14.7 | (1.85) | 31.0 | (1.23) | 41.1 | (1.81) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | |||
| 1990 | 32.3 | (0.98) | 31.2 | (1.08) | 37.1 | (2.33) | 33.1 | (1.37) | 31.3 | (1.39) | 17.3 | (2.05) | 26.4 | (2.86) | 37.8 | (1.24) | 21.4 | (2.16) | 33.1 | (1.29) | 36.8 | (1.97) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | |||
| 1995 | 33.6 | (0.92) | 32.7 | (1.02) | 37.5 | (2.19) | 33.1 | (1.26) | 34.2 | (1.35) | 18.0 | (1.91) | 22.2 | (2.41) | 40.8 | (1.18) | 17.4 | (1.82) | 34.4 | (1.23) | 42.1 | (1.88) | 34.9 | (0.97) | 20.1 | (2.65) | |||
| 2000 | 34.1 | (0.93) | 33.3 | (1.03) | 37.7 | (2.15) | 33.2 | (1.28) | 35.1 | (1.36) | 21.3 | (2.14) | 20.9 | (2.18) | 41.3 | (1.20) | 22.0 | (2.11) | 34.1 | (1.22) | 40.7 | (1.85) | 35.1 | (0.99) | 24.4 | (2.74) | |||
| 2001 | 32.4 | (0.86) | 31.1 | (0.95) | 37.8 | (1.99) | 30.6 | (1.17) | 34.5 | (1.27) | 18.7 | (1.85) | 23.6 | (2.23) | 38.9 | (1.11) | 21.4 | (2.04) | 33.3 | (1.12) | 36.1 | (1.70) | 33.3 | (0.90) | 23.0 | (2.64) | |||
| 2002 | 30.6 | (0.84) | 29.2 | (0.93) | 35.9 | (1.92) | 28.0 | (1.13) | 33.4 | (1.24) | 16.9 | (1.81) | 21.1 | (1.94) | 37.5 | (1.11) | 18.4 | (1.83) | 31.4 | (1.11) | 35.3 | (1.64) | 31.6 | (0.89) | 21.3 | (2.34) | |||
| 2003 | 27.0 | (0.79) | 25.3 | (0.86) | 34.6 | (1.97) | 26.7 | (1.09) | 27.3 | (1.15) | 15.2 | (1.68) | 18.8 | (1.82) | 33.3 | (1.07) | 14.3 | (1.64) | 27.8 | (1.05) | 31.8 | (1.57) | 28.0 | (0.84) | 17.7 | (2.17) | |||
| 2004 | 27.2 | (0.80) | 25.6 | (0.87) | 34.7 | (2.03) | 26.2 | (1.09) | 28.3 | (1.17) | 15.1 | (1.71) | 21.2 | (1.92) | 32.9 | (1.08) | 12.0 | (1.55) | 27.5 | (1.05) | 34.4 | (1.64) | 27.8 | (0.85) | 20.8 | (2.43) | |||
| 2005 | 26.4 | (0.77) | 25.2 | (0.84) | 32.2 | (1.95) | 25.3 | (1.05) | 27.6 | (1.14) | 13.7 | (1.63) | 19.4 | (1.78) | 31.8 | (1.05) | 14.8 | (1.61) | 26.9 | (1.03) | 31.7 | (1.55) | 26.8 | (0.81) | 21.7 | (2.49) | |||
| 2006 | 27.6 | (0.79) | 26.0 | (0.86) | 34.1 | (1.87) | 26.5 | (1.08) | 28.8 | (1.16) | 20.1 | (1.85) | 17.5 | (1.72) | 33.6 | (1.08) | 17.8 | (1.72) | 27.5 | (1.04) | 33.5 | (1.59) | 27.9 | (0.82) | 23.9 | (2.64) | |||
| 2007 | 26.2 | (0.78) | 24.8 | (0.85) | 32.2 | (1.87) | 25.0 | (1.06) | 27.6 | (1.14) | 15.1 | (1.68) | 21.1 | (1.83) | 31.3 | (1.06) | 17.3 | (1.74) | 25.9 | (1.01) | 32.1 | (1.62) | 26.0 | (0.81) | 28.5 | (2.64) | |||
| 2008 | 22.6 | (0.74) | 21.0 | (0.80) | 29.5 | (1.83) | 20.0 | (0.99) | 25.4 | (1.10) | 15.5 | (1.69) | 15.1 | (1.54) | 27.7 | (1.04) | 13.5 | (1.54) | 22.6 | (0.96) | 28.4 | (1.59) | 23.1 | (0.78) | 18.0 | (2.35) | |||
| 2009 | 17.0 | (0.67) | 15.2 | (0.72) | 23.8 | (1.65) | 16.0 | (0.91) | 18.1 | (0.98) | 10.5 | (1.43) | 11.9 | (1.39) | 21.5 | (0.96) | 9.7 | (1.33) | 16.3 | (0.85) | 23.5 | (1.51) | 17.0 | (0.70) | 16.9 | (2.32) | |||
| 2010 | 16.2 | (0.55) | 15.0 | (0.59) | 20.8 | (1.52) | 14.0 | (0.78) | 18.5 | (0.86) | 9.6 | (1.28) | 10.4 | (1.18) | 20.9 | (0.86) | 8.5 | (1.01) | 16.5 | (0.80) | 20.9 | (1.31) | 16.4 | (0.60) | 13.4 | (2.20) | |||
| 2011 | 16.9 | (0.67) | 16.4 | (0.77) | 18.7 | (1.28) | 14.7 | (0.76) | 19.4 | (1.09) | 10.2 | (1.43) | 11.3 | (1.11) | 22.2 | (1.07) | 10.2 | (1.29) | 17.5 | (0.83) | 19.6 | (1.39) | 17.3 | (0.74) | 12.4 | (1.91) | |||
| 2012 | 18.0 | (0.71) | 16.0 | (0.75) | 24.5 | (1.88) | 16.6 | (0.83) | 19.4 | (1.13) | 12.7 | (2.17) | 11.4 | (1.23) | 23.2 | (0.97) | 13.0 | (1.42) | 16.4 | (0.88) | 24.9 | (1.55) | 18.6 | (0.76) | 12.0 | (2.01) | |||
| 2013 | 17.9 | (0.65) | 15.8 | (0.69) | 24.7 | (1.73) | 17.6 | (0.89) | 18.3 | (0.94) | 11.8 | (1.42) | 14.0 | (1.19) | 23.3 | (0.99) | 9.7 | (1.26) | 16.9 | (0.90) | 25.4 | (1.69) | 17.8 | (0.66) | 19.0 | (2.67) | |||
| 2014 | 19.2 | (0.70) | 17.3 | (0.71) | 25.5 | (1.63) | 18.1 | (0.90) | 20.3 | (1.03) | 14.0 | (1.65) | 14.7 | (1.47) | 23.2 | (1.00) | 12.6 | (1.52) | 19.3 | (0.88) | 23.2 | (1.54) | 19.2 | (0.75) | 18.8 | (2.20) | |||
| 2015 | 19.0 | (0.73) | 17.2 | (0.79) | 25.8 | (1.70) | 18.1 | (0.92) | 20.0 | (1.23) | 15.0 | (2.03) | 15.7 | (1.42) | 22.2 | (1.05) | 13.7 | (1.87) | 18.8 | (0.93) | 22.3 | (1.47) | 19.0 | (0.78) | 19.2 | (2.20) | |||
| 2016 | 18.3 | (0.70) | 16.5 | (0.79) | 24.9 | (1.80) | 15.8 | (0.88) | 20.9 | (1.16) | 9.3 | (1.54) | 15.0 | (1.38) | 22.9 | (0.95) | 8.1 | (1.17) | 18.9 | (0.98) | 22.8 | (1.58) | 18.7 | (0.77) | 14.0 | (2.13) | |||
| 2017 | 20.3 | (0.73) | 17.7 | (0.72) | 29.5 | (1.88) | 18.1 | (0.89) | 22.7 | (1.08) | 15.7 | (1.73) | 15.9 | (1.53) | 24.8 | (1.01) | 13.3 | (1.60) | 19.9 | (0.92) | 25.0 | (1.57) | 20.4 | (0.74) | 19.4 | (2.75) | |||
| 2018 | 21.2 | (0.78) | 19.8 | (0.84) | 26.3 | (1.90) | 19.4 | (1.01) | 23.2 | (1.19) | 14.3 | (2.11) | 15.8 | (1.53) | 26.2 | (1.08) | 13.5 | (1.79) | 21.3 | (1.06) | 25.5 | (1.47) | 20.9 | (0.82) | 23.9 | (2.73) | |||
| 2019 | 20.8 | (0.78) | 18.9 | (0.84) | 27.8 | (2.01) | 19.6 | (1.05) | 22.0 | (1.25) | 13.3 | (1.89) | 16.2 | (1.34) | 25.3 | (1.16) | 11.6 | (1.60) | 20.5 | (0.98) | 26.2 | (1.75) | 21.3 | (0.82) | 15.1 | (2.44) | |||
| 2020 | 20.6 | (0.76) | 19.4 | (0.79) | 25.2 | (1.93) | 18.2 | (1.01) | 23.1 | (1.10) | 15.7 | (1.94) | 15.1 | (1.46) | 26.0 | (1.18) | 14.3 | (1.96) | 20.5 | (0.96) | 23.8 | (1.62) | 20.6 | (0.82) | 19.3 | (3.43) | |||
| 2021 | 22.1 | (0.81) | 20.7 | (0.92) | 27.7 | (2.22) | 20.7 | (1.22) | 23.5 | (1.22) | 19.7 | (2.60) | 15.7 | (1.57) | 27.6 | (1.20) | 16.1 | (1.85) | 22.6 | (1.13) | 24.2 | (1.69) | 22.7 | (0.86) | 13.9 | (2.86) | |||
| 2022 | 24.0 | (0.90) | 22.5 | (0.94) | 30.1 | (2.28) | 22.0 | (1.15) | 26.2 | (1.30) | 20.2 | (2.67) | 19.5 | (1.65) | 28.0 | (1.22) | 16.5 | (2.31) | 24.4 | (1.19) | 27.1 | (1.76) | 24.4 | (0.94) | 18.7 | (3.33) | |||
| Percent working less than 15 hours per week3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1970 | 13.6 | (0.64) | 14.5 | (0.71) | 7.5 | (1.37) | 12.3 | (0.85) | 14.9 | (0.97) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 9.9 | (1.81) | 12.6 | (0.80) | 16.8 | (1.28) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | |||
| 1975 | 13.4 | (0.62) | 14.0 | (0.67) | 8.8 | (1.43) | 12.5 | (0.82) | 14.3 | (0.92) | 5.3 | (1.05) | 6.6 | ! | (2.15) | 15.5 | (0.75) | 6.8 | (1.44) | 12.3 | (0.78) | 17.4 | (1.23) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | ||
| 1980 | 14.0 | (0.63) | 14.9 | (0.70) | 8.9 | (1.33) | 13.7 | (0.87) | 14.2 | (0.91) | 4.6 | (0.96) | 9.4 | (2.49) | 16.4 | (0.77) | 7.7 | (1.41) | 13.2 | (0.82) | 17.7 | (1.23) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | |||
| 1985 | 12.3 | (0.65) | 12.8 | (0.72) | 9.5 | (1.51) | 11.7 | (0.89) | 12.9 | (0.96) | 6.2 | (1.25) | 3.0 | ! | (1.18) | 15.2 | (0.85) | 3.6 | (0.97) | 11.8 | (0.86) | 17.5 | (1.40) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | ||
| 1990 | 11.7 | (0.67) | 12.9 | (0.78) | 6.8 | (1.21) | 11.3 | (0.92) | 12.2 | (0.98) | 6.0 | (1.28) | 4.8 | (1.39) | 14.7 | (0.90) | 5.9 | (1.24) | 11.5 | (0.88) | 15.6 | (1.48) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | |||
| 1995 | 11.9 | (0.63) | 13.1 | (0.73) | 6.8 | (1.14) | 11.1 | (0.84) | 12.9 | (0.96) | 6.5 | (1.22) | 6.5 | (1.42) | 14.8 | (0.85) | 4.4 | (0.98) | 11.3 | (0.82) | 18.1 | (1.47) | 12.6 | (0.68) | 5.1 | (1.46) | |||
| 2000 | 11.9 | (0.64) | 12.9 | (0.73) | 7.8 | (1.19) | 11.2 | (0.86) | 12.6 | (0.94) | 6.3 | (1.27) | 3.7 | (1.01) | 15.4 | (0.88) | 5.4 | (1.15) | 11.3 | (0.82) | 16.5 | (1.40) | 12.6 | (0.68) | 5.2 | (1.42) | |||
| 2001 | 11.6 | (0.59) | 12.6 | (0.68) | 7.7 | (1.10) | 9.8 | (0.75) | 13.7 | (0.91) | 4.3 | (0.96) | 6.1 | (1.26) | 15.0 | (0.82) | 5.7 | (1.15) | 10.8 | (0.74) | 16.4 | (1.31) | 12.2 | (0.63) | 5.5 | (1.43) | |||
| 2002 | 11.1 | (0.57) | 12.1 | (0.66) | 7.2 | (1.04) | 9.7 | (0.74) | 12.7 | (0.87) | 4.5 | (1.00) | 3.6 | (0.89) | 15.0 | (0.82) | 6.0 | (1.12) | 10.0 | (0.72) | 16.1 | (1.26) | 11.9 | (0.62) | 4.1 | (1.13) | |||
| 2003 | 9.6 | (0.52) | 10.0 | (0.59) | 7.8 | (1.11) | 9.0 | (0.70) | 10.2 | (0.78) | 4.5 | (0.96) | 5.5 | (1.06) | 12.4 | (0.75) | 4.8 | (1.00) | 9.1 | (0.67) | 13.1 | (1.14) | 10.2 | (0.57) | 3.7 | (1.07) | |||
| 2004 | 10.4 | (0.55) | 10.9 | (0.62) | 8.4 | (1.18) | 9.9 | (0.74) | 11.0 | (0.82) | 4.9 | (1.03) | 4.4 | (0.96) | 14.0 | (0.80) | 3.5 | (0.87) | 8.5 | (0.66) | 18.1 | (1.33) | 11.0 | (0.59) | 5.2 | (1.33) | |||
| 2005 | 10.1 | (0.53) | 10.7 | (0.60) | 7.2 | (1.08) | 8.9 | (0.69) | 11.4 | (0.81) | 3.7 | (0.89) | 5.0 | (0.99) | 13.4 | (0.77) | 3.7 | (0.85) | 9.9 | (0.69) | 13.9 | (1.16) | 10.6 | (0.56) | 4.6 | (1.26) | |||
| 2006 | 9.9 | (0.53) | 10.7 | (0.61) | 6.4 | (0.97) | 8.8 | (0.69) | 11.0 | (0.80) | 5.2 | (1.03) | 4.2 | (0.91) | 12.8 | (0.76) | 3.7 | (0.85) | 9.2 | (0.67) | 14.7 | (1.20) | 10.5 | (0.56) | 3.0 | ! | (1.06) | ||
| 2007 | 10.6 | (0.54) | 11.4 | (0.63) | 7.0 | (1.02) | 9.5 | (0.72) | 11.7 | (0.82) | 3.0 | (0.80) | 6.0 | (1.06) | 14.2 | (0.80) | 6.1 | (1.10) | 9.6 | (0.68) | 15.3 | (1.25) | 11.1 | (0.58) | 5.7 | (1.36) | |||
| 2008 | 9.2 | (0.51) | 9.9 | (0.59) | 6.1 | (0.96) | 8.1 | (0.68) | 10.3 | (0.77) | 3.2 | (0.82) | 4.1 | (0.85) | 12.4 | (0.77) | 3.1 | (0.78) | 9.1 | (0.66) | 13.0 | (1.18) | 9.6 | (0.54) | 4.6 | (1.28) | |||
| 2009 | 7.6 | (0.47) | 8.0 | (0.54) | 6.2 | (0.94) | 6.8 | (0.62) | 8.4 | (0.71) | 3.6 | (0.86) | 4.7 | (0.91) | 10.1 | (0.71) | 3.6 | (0.83) | 6.9 | (0.58) | 11.8 | (1.15) | 7.8 | (0.50) | 5.2 | (1.38) | |||
| 2010 | 7.3 | (0.42) | 7.5 | (0.49) | 6.8 | (0.94) | 6.3 | (0.50) | 8.4 | (0.69) | 4.1 | (0.82) | 4.5 | (0.79) | 9.5 | (0.65) | 3.0 | (0.63) | 7.1 | (0.54) | 10.9 | (1.01) | 7.7 | (0.45) | 3.4 | ! | (1.21) | ||
| 2011 | 7.3 | (0.40) | 8.1 | (0.50) | 4.4 | (0.71) | 5.8 | (0.51) | 9.0 | (0.66) | 2.2 | (0.60) | 2.7 | (0.54) | 11.0 | (0.66) | 3.7 | (0.81) | 7.0 | (0.55) | 10.2 | (0.94) | 7.7 | (0.44) | 2.8 | ! | (0.98) | ||
| 2012 | 8.2 | (0.46) | 8.5 | (0.53) | 7.3 | (0.95) | 7.1 | (0.57) | 9.4 | (0.73) | 3.7 | (0.92) | 2.4 | (0.58) | 12.2 | (0.73) | 4.2 | (0.89) | 7.2 | (0.53) | 13.3 | (1.27) | 8.8 | (0.50) | 2.4 | ! | (0.75) | ||
| 2013 | 7.9 | (0.50) | 8.2 | (0.54) | 6.8 | (0.99) | 6.9 | (0.61) | 8.9 | (0.77) | 2.6 | (0.71) | 3.4 | (0.62) | 12.2 | (0.81) | 2.9 | (0.78) | 7.0 | (0.54) | 13.1 | (1.38) | 8.1 | (0.50) | 5.5 | ! | (1.75) | ||
| 2014 | 7.8 | (0.43) | 8.4 | (0.49) | 5.7 | (0.85) | 6.5 | (0.54) | 9.1 | (0.67) | 3.5 | (0.91) | 3.5 | (0.65) | 10.7 | (0.67) | 3.8 | (0.90) | 7.6 | (0.57) | 10.9 | (1.04) | 8.2 | (0.46) | 3.7 | ! | (1.14) | ||
| 2015 | 8.5 | (0.48) | 8.7 | (0.54) | 7.8 | (1.07) | 7.8 | (0.70) | 9.3 | (0.75) | 7.0 | (1.49) | 5.3 | (0.97) | 10.9 | (0.75) | 5.0 | (1.07) | 7.7 | (0.60) | 12.2 | (1.18) | 9.1 | (0.53) | 3.4 | (1.00) | |||
| 2016 | 8.1 | (0.48) | 8.4 | (0.57) | 7.0 | (1.12) | 6.5 | (0.58) | 9.8 | (0.85) | 2.4 | ! | (0.81) | 5.0 | (0.81) | 10.8 | (0.73) | 2.6 | (0.70) | 7.5 | (0.63) | 12.4 | (1.18) | 8.5 | (0.51) | 4.5 | (1.33) | ||
| 2017 | 7.7 | (0.50) | 7.6 | (0.55) | 8.0 | (1.01) | 6.4 | (0.58) | 9.2 | (0.73) | 3.3 | (0.84) | 3.9 | (0.80) | 10.9 | (0.79) | 3.3 | (0.74) | 6.3 | (0.59) | 13.1 | (1.19) | 8.1 | (0.54) | 3.1 | ! | (1.19) | ||
| 2018 | 8.2 | (0.49) | 8.6 | (0.56) | 6.8 | (1.09) | 6.5 | (0.62) | 10.1 | (0.85) | 3.6 | ! | (1.10) | 3.8 | (0.78) | 11.5 | (0.79) | 4.1 | (0.99) | 7.6 | (0.63) | 11.9 | (1.18) | 8.4 | (0.54) | 6.2 | (1.66) | ||
| 2019 | 8.5 | (0.49) | 8.7 | (0.56) | 7.9 | (1.24) | 7.0 | (0.64) | 10.2 | (0.76) | 2.7 | ! | (0.91) | 5.2 | (0.96) | 11.6 | (0.81) | 3.7 | (0.87) | 7.7 | (0.65) | 12.9 | (1.24) | 8.8 | (0.51) | 4.7 | ! | (1.57) | |
| 2020 | 6.9 | (0.49) | 7.0 | (0.52) | 6.8 | (1.22) | 6.6 | (0.68) | 7.3 | (0.60) | 2.8 | (0.80) | 4.6 | (0.86) | 9.3 | (0.74) | 4.7 | (1.20) | 5.9 | (0.62) | 10.2 | (1.01) | 7.0 | (0.51) | 6.0 | (1.68) | |||
| 2021 | 7.8 | (0.56) | 8.1 | (0.62) | 6.7 | (1.22) | 6.3 | (0.67) | 9.4 | (0.89) | 4.6 | (1.12) | 4.4 | (0.88) | 10.5 | (0.94) | 4.4 | (1.01) | 7.9 | (0.73) | 9.4 | (1.06) | 8.0 | (0.59) | 5.5 | ! | (1.91) | ||
| 2022 | 9.4 | (0.63) | 9.9 | (0.66) | 7.3 | (1.36) | 7.6 | (0.81) | 11.4 | (0.95) | 5.4 | (1.40) | 5.4 | (0.99) | 12.8 | (0.99) | 4.2 | (1.12) | 9.4 | (0.84) | 12.2 | (1.40) | 9.8 | (0.66) | 4.2 | ! | (1.59) | ||
| Percent working 15 or more hours per week3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1970 | 17.5 | (0.71) | 15.6 | (0.73) | 30.8 | (2.41) | 22.1 | (1.08) | 12.6 | (0.90) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 10.6 | (1.87) | 18.4 | (0.93) | 18.1 | (1.32) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | |||
| 1975 | 19.2 | (0.71) | 18.2 | (0.75) | 25.7 | (2.20) | 21.7 | (1.03) | 16.4 | (0.97) | 8.3 | (1.30) | 14.7 | (3.08) | 21.8 | (0.85) | 11.3 | (1.81) | 19.0 | (0.93) | 22.1 | (1.34) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | |||
| 1980 | 20.5 | (0.73) | 19.0 | (0.77) | 29.4 | (2.12) | 22.1 | (1.05) | 18.9 | (1.02) | 10.1 | (1.39) | 14.3 | (2.99) | 23.5 | (0.89) | 11.4 | (1.69) | 21.0 | (0.98) | 23.1 | (1.36) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | |||
| 1985 | 18.4 | (0.77) | 17.2 | (0.81) | 25.5 | (2.24) | 19.5 | (1.09) | 17.3 | (1.09) | 8.4 | (1.44) | 13.7 | (2.37) | 21.7 | (0.97) | 10.0 | (1.57) | 18.4 | (1.03) | 22.6 | (1.54) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | |||
| 1990 | 19.7 | (0.83) | 17.5 | (0.88) | 29.1 | (2.19) | 21.0 | (1.19) | 18.3 | (1.16) | 10.6 | (1.67) | 21.5 | (2.66) | 22.1 | (1.06) | 15.0 | (1.88) | 20.8 | (1.11) | 20.2 | (1.64) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | |||
| 1995 | 20.5 | (0.79) | 18.4 | (0.84) | 29.7 | (2.07) | 20.8 | (1.09) | 20.2 | (1.14) | 10.9 | (1.55) | 15.1 | (2.07) | 24.5 | (1.03) | 12.7 | (1.60) | 21.9 | (1.07) | 22.5 | (1.59) | 21.1 | (0.83) | 14.9 | (2.35) | |||
| 2000 | 21.1 | (0.80) | 19.2 | (0.86) | 28.8 | (2.01) | 21.1 | (1.11) | 21.0 | (1.16) | 13.8 | (1.80) | 16.3 | (1.98) | 24.6 | (1.05) | 15.6 | (1.85) | 21.5 | (1.06) | 23.1 | (1.59) | 21.3 | (0.84) | 19.0 | (2.50) | |||
| 2001 | 19.4 | (0.73) | 17.1 | (0.77) | 28.3 | (1.85) | 19.6 | (1.01) | 19.1 | (1.05) | 13.4 | (1.62) | 17.0 | (1.97) | 22.2 | (0.95) | 14.6 | (1.76) | 20.9 | (0.97) | 18.4 | (1.37) | 19.6 | (0.76) | 16.9 | (2.35) | |||
| 2002 | 18.5 | (0.71) | 16.1 | (0.75) | 27.9 | (1.80) | 17.5 | (0.95) | 19.7 | (1.04) | 11.9 | (1.57) | 16.8 | (1.78) | 21.4 | (0.94) | 12.3 | (1.55) | 20.7 | (0.97) | 17.4 | (1.30) | 18.7 | (0.75) | 16.5 | (2.12) | |||
| 2003 | 16.4 | (0.66) | 14.3 | (0.69) | 25.9 | (1.82) | 16.8 | (0.92) | 16.0 | (0.94) | 10.4 | (1.42) | 13.1 | (1.57) | 19.5 | (0.90) | 9.1 | (1.35) | 17.6 | (0.89) | 17.7 | (1.29) | 16.7 | (0.70) | 13.6 | (1.95) | |||
| 2004 | 16.0 | (0.66) | 13.8 | (0.68) | 26.2 | (1.88) | 15.5 | (0.90) | 16.6 | (0.97) | 10.2 | (1.45) | 16.6 | (1.75) | 17.8 | (0.88) | 8.1 | (1.30) | 18.3 | (0.91) | 15.2 | (1.24) | 16.1 | (0.69) | 15.2 | (2.15) | |||
| 2005 | 15.2 | (0.63) | 13.4 | (0.66) | 23.5 | (1.77) | 15.5 | (0.88) | 14.8 | (0.90) | 9.6 | (1.40) | 13.6 | (1.55) | 17.0 | (0.84) | 10.8 | (1.40) | 15.9 | (0.85) | 16.1 | (1.23) | 15.1 | (0.66) | 16.5 | (2.24) | |||
| 2006 | 17.0 | (0.66) | 14.4 | (0.69) | 27.0 | (1.75) | 16.8 | (0.91) | 17.1 | (0.96) | 14.5 | (1.63) | 13.3 | (1.54) | 19.5 | (0.90) | 13.8 | (1.55) | 17.7 | (0.89) | 17.3 | (1.27) | 16.6 | (0.68) | 20.8 | (2.51) | |||
| 2007 | 15.0 | (0.63) | 12.8 | (0.66) | 24.2 | (1.72) | 14.8 | (0.87) | 15.2 | (0.92) | 11.4 | (1.49) | 14.9 | (1.59) | 16.2 | (0.85) | 10.9 | (1.44) | 15.6 | (0.83) | 15.8 | (1.27) | 14.3 | (0.65) | 22.2 | (2.43) | |||
| 2008 | 12.8 | (0.59) | 10.3 | (0.60) | 22.7 | (1.68) | 11.4 | (0.79) | 14.1 | (0.88) | 11.9 | (1.51) | 10.6 | (1.32) | 14.3 | (0.82) | 9.9 | (1.34) | 12.8 | (0.77) | 14.4 | (1.23) | 12.7 | (0.62) | 13.0 | (2.06) | |||
| 2009 | 8.7 | (0.50) | 6.4 | (0.49) | 17.3 | (1.47) | 8.4 | (0.69) | 9.1 | (0.73) | 6.5 | (1.15) | 7.2 | (1.11) | 10.4 | (0.71) | 5.9 | (1.06) | 8.9 | (0.66) | 9.9 | (1.07) | 8.4 | (0.52) | 11.7 | (1.99) | |||
| 2010 | 8.3 | (0.45) | 6.9 | (0.47) | 13.4 | (1.24) | 7.2 | (0.62) | 9.4 | (0.70) | 5.3 | (1.01) | 5.6 | (0.84) | 10.5 | (0.67) | 5.3 | (0.88) | 9.0 | (0.58) | 8.7 | (1.16) | 8.1 | (0.46) | 9.6 | (1.83) | |||
| 2011 | 9.0 | (0.52) | 7.7 | (0.56) | 13.6 | (1.10) | 8.4 | (0.63) | 9.8 | (0.78) | 7.4 | (1.30) | 8.4 | (1.06) | 10.5 | (0.77) | 6.3 | (1.10) | 10.0 | (0.69) | 8.5 | (0.94) | 9.0 | (0.55) | 9.6 | (1.84) | |||
| 2012 | 8.9 | (0.55) | 6.7 | (0.51) | 16.5 | (1.62) | 8.4 | (0.62) | 9.5 | (0.84) | 8.2 | (1.97) | 8.4 | (1.04) | 10.0 | (0.69) | 8.3 | (1.22) | 8.7 | (0.68) | 9.9 | (1.30) | 8.9 | (0.59) | 9.6 | (1.76) | |||
| 2013 | 9.7 | (0.56) | 7.3 | (0.53) | 17.4 | (1.57) | 10.3 | (0.85) | 9.1 | (0.67) | 9.1 | (1.37) | 10.6 | (1.10) | 10.6 | (0.81) | 6.7 | (1.19) | 9.7 | (0.82) | 11.7 | (1.12) | 9.4 | (0.60) | 13.4 | (2.15) | |||
| 2014 | 10.7 | (0.55) | 8.2 | (0.48) | 19.3 | (1.49) | 10.8 | (0.72) | 10.6 | (0.81) | 9.4 | (1.52) | 11.0 | (1.30) | 11.6 | (0.75) | 8.6 | (1.34) | 11.1 | (0.73) | 11.1 | (1.25) | 10.2 | (0.56) | 15.1 | (2.12) | |||
| 2015 | 9.7 | (0.54) | 7.8 | (0.53) | 17.2 | (1.50) | 9.7 | (0.66) | 9.7 | (0.86) | 7.3 | (1.31) | 9.8 | (1.11) | 10.5 | (0.75) | 8.2 | (1.41) | 10.2 | (0.72) | 9.7 | (1.05) | 9.2 | (0.57) | 15.0 | (2.08) | |||
| 2016 | 9.7 | (0.55) | 7.6 | (0.58) | 17.3 | (1.54) | 8.8 | (0.65) | 10.6 | (0.87) | 6.9 | (1.32) | 9.0 | (1.16) | 11.6 | (0.79) | 5.5 | (1.01) | 10.8 | (0.72) | 9.8 | (1.13) | 9.7 | (0.60) | 9.0 | (1.69) | |||
| 2017 | 11.6 | (0.58) | 9.1 | (0.55) | 20.5 | (1.62) | 11.0 | (0.75) | 12.3 | (0.90) | 12.4 | (1.61) | 11.6 | (1.33) | 12.4 | (0.77) | 9.7 | (1.47) | 12.7 | (0.67) | 10.5 | (1.17) | 11.3 | (0.58) | 15.7 | (2.54) | |||
| 2018 | 12.2 | (0.66) | 10.5 | (0.72) | 18.5 | (1.61) | 12.2 | (0.85) | 12.1 | (0.93) | 10.3 | (1.83) | 10.9 | (1.32) | 13.8 | (0.92) | 8.3 | (1.40) | 12.9 | (0.88) | 12.9 | (1.29) | 11.8 | (0.68) | 16.3 | (2.62) | |||
| 2019 | 11.7 | (0.66) | 9.7 | (0.67) | 19.1 | (1.84) | 11.9 | (0.95) | 11.5 | (0.91) | 10.4 | (1.60) | 10.6 | (1.24) | 12.9 | (0.91) | 7.6 | (1.38) | 12.3 | (0.92) | 12.4 | (1.32) | 11.8 | (0.68) | 10.2 | (2.06) | |||
| 2020 | 12.8 | (0.62) | 11.5 | (0.69) | 18.0 | (1.64) | 11.0 | (0.84) | 14.7 | (0.92) | 11.9 | (1.70) | 10.1 | (1.25) | 15.5 | (0.92) | 8.6 | (1.59) | 14.0 | (0.86) | 12.5 | (1.20) | 12.8 | (0.65) | 13.2 | (2.86) | |||
| 2021 | 13.0 | (0.64) | 11.3 | (0.69) | 20.0 | (1.93) | 12.8 | (1.00) | 13.2 | (0.91) | 14.1 | (2.29) | 10.9 | (1.29) | 15.2 | (0.93) | 10.7 | (1.65) | 13.3 | (0.87) | 13.5 | (1.32) | 13.4 | (0.68) | 7.1 | (1.87) | |||
| 2022 | 13.4 | (0.76) | 11.6 | (0.77) | 21.0 | (2.00) | 13.4 | (0.90) | 13.4 | (1.14) | 11.6 | (2.18) | 13.7 | (1.42) | 13.9 | (0.99) | 10.9 | (1.96) | 14.0 | (1.04) | 13.6 | (1.27) | 13.4 | (0.78) | 13.6 | (3.04) | |||
| ---Not available. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| !Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1Low income refers to the bottom 20 percent of all family incomes; high income refers to the top 20 percent of all family incomes; and middle income refers to the 60 percent in between. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2Percent employed includes those who were employed but not at work during the survey week. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3Hours worked per week refers to the number of hours the respondent worked at all jobs during the survey week. The estimates of the percentage of high school students age 16 and over who worked less than 15 hours per week or 15 or more hours per week exclude those who were employed but not at work during the survey week. Therefore, detail may not sum to total percentage employed. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Data are based on sample surveys of the civilian noninstitutionalized population, which excludes persons in the military and persons living in institutions (e.g., prisons or nursing facilities). Prior to 2010, standard errors were computed using generalized variance function methodology rather than the more precise replicate weight methodology used in later years. Totals include racial/ethnic groups not separately shown. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Survey (CPS), October, 1970 through 2022. (This table was prepared June 2023.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
