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| 2023 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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|
| [In millions] | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual | Preliminary | |||||||||||||
| Category of obligation, performer, and field of science and engineering1 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 20162 | 20172 | 20182 | 20192 | 20202 | 20212 | 20222 | Percent change, 2021 to 2022 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| Current dollars | ||||||||||||||
|
Total obligations for research, development, and R&D plant3 |
$146,967.8 |
$139,661.5 |
$140,635.8 |
$127,291.1 |
$132,496.3 |
$131,398.2 |
$117,665.7 |
$121,626.6 |
$133,277.5 |
$146,800.7 |
$173,553.0 |
$194,434.0 |
$193,551.0 |
-0.5 |
| Research and development obligations | 140,354.5 | 135,490.8 | 138,485.1 | 125,386.0 | 130,278.7 | 128,573.2 | 115,224.7 | 118,974.8 | 129,424.8 | 142,424.2 | 167,403.0 | 190,151.0 | 189,059.0 | -0.6 |
| Performer | ||||||||||||||
| Federal agencies4 | 30,911.8 | 35,144.7 | 34,367.8 | 32,963.1 | 34,736.1 | 34,925.1 | 32,019.6 | 30,990.2 | 35,953.4 | 39,312.8 | 51,472.0 | 71,665.0 | 69,232.0 | -3.4 |
|
Federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs)5 |
10,100.8 |
10,786.0 |
10,058.1 |
10,079.7 |
10,565.4 |
11,118.9 |
11,403.9 |
11,694.1 |
12,455.5 |
14,691.0 |
13,150.0 |
14,791.0 |
15,162.0 |
2.5 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 3,946.2 | 4,424.5 | 3,611.7 | 3,796.1 | 4,207.5 | 3,935.8 | 4,119.4 | 4,075.8 | 4,062.4 | 6,077.6 | 4,118.7 | --- | --- | --- |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 3,370.5 | 3,437.8 | 3,694.2 | 3,711.7 | 3,800.8 | 3,911.7 | 4,034.1 | 4,445.3 | 4,895.8 | 5,351.9 | 5,355.2 | --- | --- | --- |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 2,784.1 | 2,923.7 | 2,752.2 | 2,571.9 | 2,557.1 | 3,271.4 | 3,250.4 | 3,173.0 | 3,497.3 | 3,261.5 | 3,676.0 | --- | --- | --- |
| Business firms6 | 59,867.8 | 53,550.2 | 58,910.1 | 49,538.1 | 50,236.5 | 47,455.2 | 35,660.4 | 37,875.4 | 39,753.7 | 44,446.0 | 51,428.0 | 50,225.0 | 50,762.0 | 1.1 |
| Higher education7 | 31,192.3 | 27,680.3 | 27,509.5 | 25,772.0 | 27,429.3 | 27,414.7 | 28,193.3 | 28,963.2 | 31,534.1 | 34,000.5 | 38,541.0 | 39,766.0 | 40,458.0 | 1.7 |
| Nonprofit organizations8 | 7,245.3 | 6,636.6 | 6,347.0 | 5,915.0 | 6,134.9 | 6,136.2 | 6,580.7 | 8,140.6 | 8,450.8 | 8,450.2 | 10,699.0 | 11,985.0 | 11,753.0 | -1.9 |
| State and local governments | 426.7 | 716.2 | 453.2 | 385.6 | 446.4 | 487.0 | 542.5 | 553.4 | 561.9 | 586.5 | 720.0 | 966.0 | 937.0 | -3.0 |
| Non-U.S. performers9 | 609.9 | 976.8 | 839.5 | 732.4 | 730.1 | 1,036.0 | 824.3 | 757.9 | 715.4 | 937.2 | 1,393.0 | 753.0 | 755.0 | 0.2 |
|
Research obligations |
63,728.0 |
58,023.7 |
61,946.9 |
59,198.2 |
62,908.8 |
63,645.3 |
66,873.6 |
69,871.3 |
74,587.6 |
81,117.8 |
85,305.0 |
86,244.0 |
88,464.0 |
2.6 |
| Performer | ||||||||||||||
| Federal agencies4 | 13,280.9 | 12,663.4 | 14,295.0 | 13,416.8 | 14,305.6 | 15,006.5 | 15,931.0 | 15,904.7 | 17,817.5 | 18,298.2 | 19,572.0 | 16,764.0 | 18,352.0 | 9.5 |
| FFRDCs5 | 6,745.3 | 6,656.5 | 6,992.6 | 7,490.3 | 8,034.1 | 7,941.7 | 8,649.5 | 8,975.7 | 9,458.0 | 10,820.0 | 9,892.0 | 10,529.0 | 10,789.0 | 2.5 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 2,960.1 | 2,984.4 | 2,678.7 | 2,713.8 | 3,217.5 | 3,098.0 | 3,533.6 | 3,559.6 | 3,453.6 | 3,666.7 | 3,512.5 | --- | --- | --- |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 2,151.6 | 2,224.4 | 2,856.9 | 3,089.7 | 3,090.9 | 3,226.8 | 3,224.1 | 3,501.1 | 3,704.6 | 4,882.4 | 3,863.2 | --- | --- | --- |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 1,633.6 | 1,447.7 | 1,457.0 | 1,686.8 | 1,725.7 | 1,616.9 | 1,891.8 | 1,915.0 | 2,299.8 | 2,270.9 | 2,516.4 | --- | --- | --- |
| Business firms6 | 6,625.5 | 6,037.4 | 7,794.0 | 7,365.5 | 8,057.5 | 8,110.4 | 8,370.3 | 8,963.2 | 8,768.1 | 10,738.9 | 10,028.0 | 10,790.0 | 10,528.0 | -2.4 |
| Higher education7 | 29,607.8 | 26,253.2 | 26,289.9 | 24,771.7 | 26,110.1 | 25,962.1 | 26,857.6 | 27,626.1 | 30,088.6 | 32,381.0 | 35,474.0 | 37,027.0 | 37,605.0 | 1.6 |
| Nonprofit organizations8 | 6,687.0 | 5,760.8 | 5,812.9 | 5,445.5 | 5,648.4 | 5,710.6 | 6,169.2 | 7,576.2 | 7,614.5 | 7,891.5 | 9,191.0 | 9,760.0 | 9,839.0 | 0.8 |
| State and local governments | 352.8 | 282.2 | 352.2 | 313.5 | 394.7 | 420.3 | 420.2 | 453.1 | 430.2 | 500.4 | 645.0 | 887.0 | 849.0 | -4.3 |
| Non-U.S. performers9 | 428.6 | 370.2 | 410.3 | 394.8 | 358.5 | 493.7 | 475.8 | 372.3 | 410.7 | 487.7 | 503.0 | 488.0 | 502.0 | 3.0 |
| Field | ||||||||||||||
| Engineering | 11,081.2 | 10,057.2 | 11,403.4 | 10,948.2 | 11,887.5 | 11,955.6 | 12,798.8 | 13,207.4 | 13,758.6 | 15,279.3 | 13,222.0 | 13,374.0 | 13,861.0 | 3.6 |
| Geo-, atomospheric, and ocean sciences10 | 3,338.9 | 3,207.2 | 3,884.3 | 4,041.0 | 4,365.8 | 4,413.7 | 4,427.9 | 4,469.6 | 4,567.6 | 5,074.7 | 5,039.0 | 3,569.0 | 6,052.0 | 69.6 |
| Life sciences | 33,909.1 | 29,408.6 | 30,966.7 | 29,328.4 | 30,668.2 | 30,473.0 | 32,045.4 | 34,089.6 | 36,994.4 | 38,303.7 | 42,525.0 | 38,178.0 | 38,511.0 | 0.9 |
| Computer sciences and mathematics11 | 3,411.8 | 3,374.3 | 3,527.5 | 3,427.0 | 3,883.2 | 3,862.7 | 4,222.8 | 3,894.2 | 4,206.9 | 4,330.0 | 5,912.0 | 6,065.0 | 6,610.0 | 9.0 |
| Computer and information sciences | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5,350.0 | 5,877.0 | 9.9 |
| Mathematics and statistics | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 715.0 | 733.0 | 2.4 |
| Physical sciences | 5,870.8 | 5,426.6 | 6,407.5 | 6,281.9 | 6,483.1 | 6,510.3 | 6,669.8 | 6,581.5 | 7,881.4 | 9,816.1 | 8,420.0 | 8,044.0 | 11,112.0 | 38.1 |
| Psychology | 2,155.6 | 1,886.8 | 2,086.6 | 1,935.2 | 1,968.0 | 1,994.9 | 2,021.4 | 2,081.2 | 2,326.9 | 2,753.6 | 3,276.0 | 3,770.0 | 3,776.0 | 0.2 |
| Social sciences | 1,197.3 | 1,262.4 | 1,124.5 | 1,237.3 | 1,435.1 | 1,136.3 | 1,226.7 | 1,027.2 | 1,039.4 | 1,155.7 | 1,137.0 | 1,370.0 | 1,449.0 | 5.8 |
| Other fields12 | 2,763.2 | 3,400.5 | 2,546.3 | 1,999.3 | 2,217.9 | 3,298.8 | 3,460.8 | 4,520.6 | 3,812.4 | 4,404.8 | 5,773.0 | 11,874.0 | 7,094.0 | -40.3 |
|
Development obligations2 |
76,626.5 |
77,467.1 |
76,538.3 |
66,187.8 |
67,369.9 |
64,927.8 |
48,351.1 |
49,103.5 |
54,837.2 |
61,306.4 |
82,098.0 |
103,907.0 |
100,595.0 |
-3.2 |
| Performer | ||||||||||||||
| Federal agencies4 | 17,630.9 | 22,481.3 | 20,072.8 | 19,546.3 | 20,430.5 | 19,918.5 | 16,088.7 | 15,085.5 | 18,135.9 | 21,014.5 | 31,899.0 | 54,901.0 | 50,879.0 | -7.3 |
| FFRDCs5 | 3,355.4 | 4,129.4 | 3,065.5 | 2,589.5 | 2,531.4 | 3,177.2 | 2,754.3 | 2,718.3 | 2,997.6 | 3,871.0 | 3,258.0 | 4,263.0 | 4,373.0 | 2.6 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 986.1 | 1,440.1 | 933.0 | 1,082.3 | 990.0 | 837.8 | 585.8 | 516.2 | 608.8 | 2,410.9 | 606.2 | --- | --- | --- |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 1,218.9 | 1,213.3 | 837.3 | 622.1 | 709.9 | 684.9 | 810.0 | 944.1 | 1,191.2 | 469.5 | 1,492.0 | --- | --- | --- |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 1,150.4 | 1,476.0 | 1,295.2 | 885.1 | 831.5 | 1,654.5 | 1,358.5 | 1,258.0 | 1,197.6 | 990.6 | 1,159.5 | --- | --- | --- |
| Business firms6 | 53,242.3 | 47,512.8 | 51,116.1 | 42,172.6 | 42,179.1 | 39,344.9 | 27,290.0 | 28,912.2 | 30,985.5 | 33,707.1 | 41,400.0 | 39,435.0 | 40,234.0 | 2.0 |
| Higher education7 | 1,584.5 | 1,427.1 | 1,219.6 | 1,000.2 | 1,319.2 | 1,452.6 | 1,335.7 | 1,337.1 | 1,445.5 | 1,619.5 | 3,067.0 | 2,740.0 | 2,853.0 | 4.1 |
| Nonprofit organizations8 | 558.3 | 875.8 | 534.1 | 469.5 | 486.5 | 425.6 | 411.5 | 564.4 | 836.3 | 558.7 | 1,508.0 | 2,225.0 | 1,914.0 | -14.0 |
| State and local governments | 73.9 | 434.0 | 101.0 | 72.1 | 51.6 | 66.7 | 122.4 | 100.3 | 131.7 | 86.1 | 75.0 | 79.0 | 88.0 | 12.3 |
| Non-U.S. performers9 | 181.3 | 606.6 | 429.2 | 337.6 | 371.6 | 542.3 | 348.5 | 385.6 | 304.7 | 449.5 | 890.0 | 265.0 | 252.0 | -4.9 |
R&D plant obligations |
6,613.3 |
4,170.7 |
2,150.7 |
1,905.1 |
2,217.6 |
2,825.1 |
2,441.0 |
2,651.8 |
3,852.7 |
4,376.4 |
6,150.0 |
4,282.0 |
4,492.0 |
4.9 |
| Performer | ||||||||||||||
| Federal agencies4 | 1,953.3 | 846.5 | 486.2 | 673.3 | 642.5 | 1,417.2 | 646.2 | 829.5 | 1,252.1 | 1,092.7 | 3,106.0 | 883.0 | 1,025.0 | 16.2 |
| FFRDCs5 | 1,124.4 | 852.2 | 623.0 | 575.5 | 709.5 | 688.6 | 864.9 | 955.8 | 1,685.1 | 2,234.5 | 1,884.0 | 2,019.0 | 1,809.0 | -10.4 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 167.7 | 118.3 | 51.8 | 79.5 | 91.2 | 101.7 | 71.3 | 82.4 | 214.2 | 428.3 | 222.1 | --- | --- | --- |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 491.4 | 242.9 | 248.1 | 246.2 | 308.5 | 376.3 | 591.2 | 585.7 | 761.5 | 850.0 | 867.8 | --- | --- | --- |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 465.3 | 491.0 | 323.1 | 249.8 | 309.8 | 210.6 | 202.4 | 287.7 | 709.4 | 956.2 | 793.7 | --- | --- | --- |
| Business firms6 | 1,751.2 | 2,030.0 | 460.5 | 231.5 | 323.3 | 275.6 | 344.9 | 333.8 | 310.9 | 354.0 | 678.0 | 858.0 | 782.0 | -8.9 |
| Higher education7 | 1,532.6 | 286.0 | 372.5 | 236.6 | 325.8 | 292.2 | 284.1 | 350.0 | 410.4 | 514.0 | 351.0 | 360.0 | 589.0 | 63.4 |
| Nonprofit organizations8 | 245.9 | 141.3 | 200.8 | 184.1 | 212.8 | 151.3 | 289.8 | 157.8 | 180.2 | 169.8 | 125.0 | 155.0 | 282.0 | 81.1 |
| State and local governments | 2.0 | 0.2 | # | 0.2 | 0.3 | # | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 5.0 | -14.3 |
| Non-U.S. performers9 | 4.0 | 14.6 | 7.6 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 0.1 | 10.5 | 25.0 | 14.1 | 10.3 | <0.5< /td> | <0.5< /td> | <0.5< /td> | 41.3 |
| Constant fiscal year 2022 dollars13 | ||||||||||||||
|
Total obligations for research, development, and R&D plant |
$187,751.3 |
$174,288.6 |
$172,152.3 |
$153,635.4 |
$157,403.6 |
$155,270.3 |
$138,175.9 |
$140,455.8 |
$150,475.0 |
$162,844.3 |
$188,941.9 |
$205,852.5 |
$193,551.0 |
-6.0 |
| Research and development obligations | 179,302.8 | 169,083.8 | 169,519.6 | 151,336.0 | 154,769.2 | 151,932.1 | 135,309.4 | 137,393.4 | 146,125.2 | 157,989.5 | 182,246.5 | 201,318.0 | 189,059.0 | -6.1 |
| Performer | ||||||||||||||
| Federal agencies4 | 39,489.8 | 43,858.3 | 42,069.6 | 39,785.2 | 41,266.0 | 41,270.2 | 37,600.9 | 35,787.8 | 40,592.7 | 43,609.2 | 56,036.0 | 75,873.7 | 69,232.0 | -8.8 |
| FFRDCs5 | 12,903.8 | 13,460.2 | 12,312.1 | 12,165.8 | 12,551.5 | 13,139.0 | 13,391.7 | 13,504.5 | 14,062.7 | 16,296.6 | 14,316.0 | 15,659.6 | 15,162.0 | -3.2 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 5,041.3 | 5,521.5 | 4,421.1 | 4,581.7 | 4,998.4 | 4,650.8 | 4,837.4 | 4,706.8 | 4,586.6 | 6,741.8 | 4,483.9 | --- | --- | --- |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 4,305.8 | 4,290.2 | 4,522.1 | 4,479.9 | 4,515.3 | 4,622.4 | 4,737.3 | 5,133.5 | 5,527.5 | 5,936.8 | 5,830.0 | --- | --- | --- |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 3,556.7 | 3,648.6 | 3,369.0 | 3,104.2 | 3,037.8 | 3,865.7 | 3,817.0 | 3,664.2 | 3,948.6 | 3,617.9 | 4,001.9 | --- | --- | --- |
| Business firms6 | 76,481.1 | 66,827.2 | 72,111.9 | 59,790.6 | 59,680.2 | 56,076.8 | 41,876.3 | 43,738.9 | 44,883.3 | 49,303.4 | 55,988.1 | 53,174.6 | 50,762.0 | -4.5 |
| Higher education7 | 39,848.1 | 34,543.2 | 33,674.4 | 31,105.8 | 32,585.6 | 32,395.3 | 33,107.7 | 33,447.0 | 35,603.1 | 37,716.4 | 41,958.4 | 42,101.3 | 40,458.0 | -3.9 |
| Nonprofit organizations8 | 9,255.9 | 8,282.0 | 7,769.4 | 7,139.2 | 7,288.2 | 7,251.0 | 7,727.8 | 9,400.9 | 9,541.3 | 9,373.7 | 11,647.7 | 12,688.8 | 11,753.0 | -7.4 |
| State and local governments | 545.1 | 893.8 | 554.8 | 465.4 | 530.3 | 575.5 | 637.1 | 639.1 | 634.4 | 650.6 | 783.8 | 1,022.7 | 937.0 | -8.4 |
| Non-U.S. performers9 | 779.1 | 1,219.0 | 1,027.6 | 884.0 | 867.3 | 1,224.2 | 968.0 | 875.2 | 807.7 | 1,039.6 | 1,516.5 | 797.2 | 755.0 | -5.3 |
|
Research obligations |
81,412.5 |
72,409.8 |
75,829.2 |
71,449.9 |
74,734.7 |
75,208.2 |
78,530.3 |
80,688.2 |
84,212.0 |
89,983.1 |
92,869.0 |
91,308.8 |
88,464.0 |
-3.1 |
| Performer | ||||||||||||||
| Federal agencies4 | 16,966.3 | 15,803.1 | 17,498.5 | 16,193.6 | 16,994.8 | 17,732.8 | 18,707.9 | 18,366.9 | 20,116.6 | 20,298.0 | 21,307.4 | 17,748.5 | 18,352.0 | 3.4 |
| FFRDCs5 | 8,617.1 | 8,306.9 | 8,559.6 | 9,040.5 | 9,544.4 | 9,384.5 | 10,157.2 | 10,365.2 | 10,678.4 | 12,002.5 | 10,769.1 | 11,147.3 | 10,789.0 | -3.2 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 3,781.5 | 3,724.3 | 3,279.0 | 3,275.5 | 3,822.3 | 3,660.8 | 4,149.5 | 4,110.7 | 3,899.2 | 4,067.4 | 3,824.0 | --- | --- | --- |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 2,748.7 | 2,775.9 | 3,497.1 | 3,729.1 | 3,671.9 | 3,813.0 | 3,786.1 | 4,043.1 | 4,182.6 | 5,416.0 | 4,205.7 | --- | --- | --- |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 2,086.9 | 1,806.6 | 1,783.5 | 2,035.9 | 2,050.1 | 1,910.7 | 2,221.6 | 2,211.5 | 2,596.6 | 2,519.1 | 2,739.5 | --- | --- | --- |
| Business firms6 | 8,464.1 | 7,534.3 | 9,540.6 | 8,889.9 | 9,572.2 | 9,583.9 | 9,829.3 | 10,350.8 | 9,899.5 | 11,912.5 | 10,917.2 | 11,423.7 | 10,528.0 | -7.8 |
| Higher education7 | 37,823.9 | 32,762.3 | 32,181.5 | 29,898.5 | 31,018.4 | 30,678.8 | 31,539.1 | 31,902.9 | 33,971.1 | 35,919.9 | 38,619.5 | 39,201.5 | 37,605.0 | -4.1 |
| Nonprofit organizations8 | 8,542.6 | 7,189.1 | 7,115.6 | 6,572.5 | 6,710.2 | 6,748.1 | 7,244.5 | 8,749.1 | 8,597.0 | 8,754.0 | 10,006.0 | 10,333.2 | 9,839.0 | -4.8 |
| State and local governments | 450.7 | 352.2 | 431.1 | 378.4 | 468.9 | 496.7 | 493.4 | 523.2 | 485.7 | 555.1 | 702.2 | 939.1 | 849.0 | -9.6 |
| Non-U.S. performers9 | 547.5 | 462.0 | 502.2 | 476.5 | 425.9 | 583.4 | 558.7 | 429.9 | 463.7 | 541.0 | 547.6 | 516.7 | 502.0 | -2.8 |
| Field | ||||||||||||||
| Engineering | 14,156.2 | 12,550.7 | 13,958.9 | 13,214.1 | 14,122.2 | 14,127.7 | 15,029.7 | 15,252.1 | 15,533.9 | 16,949.2 | 14,394.4 | 14,159.4 | 13,861.0 | -2.1 |
| Geo-, atomospheric, and ocean sciences10 | 4,265.4 | 4,002.4 | 4,754.8 | 4,877.3 | 5,186.5 | 5,215.6 | 5,199.7 | 5,161.5 | 5,157.0 | 5,629.3 | 5,485.8 | 3,778.6 | 6,052.0 | 60.2 |
| Life sciences | 43,318.9 | 36,700.0 | 37,906.3 | 35,398.2 | 36,433.4 | 36,009.3 | 37,631.2 | 39,367.1 | 41,768.0 | 42,489.9 | 46,295.7 | 40,420.1 | 38,511.0 | -4.7 |
| Computer sciences and mathematics11 | 4,358.6 | 4,210.9 | 4,318.0 | 4,136.3 | 4,613.2 | 4,564.5 | 4,958.9 | 4,497.1 | 4,749.7 | 4,803.2 | 6,436.2 | 6,421.2 | 6,610.0 | 2.9 |
| Computer and information sciences | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5,664.2 | 5,877.0 | 3.8 |
| Mathematics and statistics | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 757.0 | 733.0 | -3.2 |
| Physical sciences | 7,499.9 | 6,772.0 | 7,843.4 | 7,582.0 | 7,701.8 | 7,693.1 | 7,832.4 | 7,600.4 | 8,898.4 | 10,888.9 | 9,166.6 | 8,516.4 | 11,112.0 | 30.5 |
| Psychology | 2,753.8 | 2,354.6 | 2,554.2 | 2,335.7 | 2,338.0 | 2,357.3 | 2,373.7 | 2,403.4 | 2,627.2 | 3,054.5 | 3,566.5 | 3,991.4 | 3,776.0 | -5.4 |
| Social sciences | 1,529.6 | 1,575.4 | 1,376.5 | 1,493.4 | 1,704.9 | 1,342.7 | 1,440.5 | 1,186.2 | 1,173.5 | 1,282.0 | 1,237.8 | 1,450.5 | 1,449.0 | -0.1 |
| Other fields12 | 3,530.0 | 4,243.6 | 3,116.9 | 2,413.1 | 2,634.8 | 3,898.1 | 4,064.0 | 5,220.4 | 4,304.3 | 4,886.2 | 6,284.9 | 12,571.3 | 7,094.0 | -43.6 |
|
Development obligations |
97,890.3 |
96,673.9 |
93,690.5 |
79,886.1 |
80,034.4 |
76,723.7 |
56,779.1 |
56,705.3 |
61,913.1 |
68,006.5 |
89,377.6 |
110,009.1 |
100,595.0 |
-8.6 |
| Performer | ||||||||||||||
| Federal agencies4 | 22,523.5 | 28,055.2 | 24,571.1 | 23,591.6 | 24,271.1 | 23,537.2 | 18,893.1 | 17,420.9 | 20,476.1 | 23,311.1 | 34,727.5 | 58,125.2 | 50,879.0 | -12.5 |
| FFRDCs5 | 4,286.5 | 5,153.2 | 3,752.5 | 3,125.4 | 3,007.3 | 3,754.4 | 3,234.4 | 3,139.1 | 3,384.4 | 4,294.1 | 3,546.9 | 4,513.4 | 4,373.0 | -3.1 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 1,259.7 | 1,797.2 | 1,142.1 | 1,306.3 | 1,176.1 | 990.0 | 687.9 | 596.1 | 687.4 | 2,674.4 | 660.0 | --- | --- | --- |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 1,557.1 | 1,514.1 | 1,024.9 | 750.9 | 843.4 | 809.3 | 951.2 | 1,090.3 | 1,344.9 | 520.8 | 1,624.3 | --- | --- | --- |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 1,469.6 | 1,842.0 | 1,585.5 | 1,068.3 | 987.8 | 1,955.1 | 1,595.3 | 1,452.8 | 1,352.1 | 1,098.9 | 1,262.3 | --- | --- | --- |
| Business firms6 | 68,017.0 | 59,292.9 | 62,571.2 | 50,900.7 | 50,108.1 | 46,493.0 | 32,046.9 | 33,388.1 | 34,983.7 | 37,390.9 | 45,070.9 | 41,750.9 | 40,234.0 | -3.6 |
| Higher education7 | 2,024.2 | 1,780.9 | 1,492.9 | 1,207.2 | 1,567.2 | 1,716.5 | 1,568.5 | 1,544.1 | 1,632.0 | 1,796.5 | 3,338.9 | 2,900.9 | 2,853.0 | -1.7 |
| Nonprofit organizations8 | 713.2 | 1,092.9 | 653.8 | 566.7 | 578.0 | 502.9 | 483.2 | 651.8 | 944.2 | 619.8 | 1,641.7 | 2,355.7 | 1,914.0 | -18.7 |
| State and local governments | 94.4 | 541.6 | 123.6 | 87.0 | 61.3 | 78.8 | 143.7 | 115.8 | 148.7 | 95.5 | 81.7 | 83.6 | 88.0 | 5.2 |
| Non-U.S. performers9 | 231.6 | 757.0 | 525.4 | 407.5 | 441.5 | 640.8 | 409.2 | 445.3 | 344.0 | 498.6 | 968.9 | 280.6 | 252.0 | -10.2 |
R&D plant obligations |
8,448.5 |
5,204.8 |
2,632.7 |
2,299.4 |
2,634.5 |
3,338.4 |
2,866.5 |
3,062.3 |
4,349.8 |
4,854.7 |
6,695.3 |
4,533.5 |
4,492.0 |
-0.9 |
| Performer | ||||||||||||||
| Federal agencies4 | 2,495.3 | 1,056.4 | 595.2 | 812.6 | 763.3 | 1,674.7 | 758.8 | 957.9 | 1,413.7 | 1,212.1 | 3,381.4 | 934.9 | 1,025.0 | 9.6 |
| FFRDCs5 | 1,436.4 | 1,063.5 | 762.6 | 694.6 | 842.9 | 813.7 | 1,015.7 | 1,103.8 | 1,902.5 | 2,478.7 | 2,051.1 | 2,137.6 | 1,809.0 | -15.4 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 214.2 | 147.6 | 63.4 | 96.0 | 108.3 | 120.2 | 83.7 | 95.2 | 241.8 | 475.1 | 241.8 | --- | --- | --- |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 627.8 | 303.1 | 303.7 | 297.2 | 366.5 | 444.7 | 694.3 | 676.4 | 859.8 | 942.9 | 944.7 | --- | --- | --- |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 594.4 | 612.7 | 395.5 | 301.5 | 368.0 | 248.9 | 237.7 | 332.2 | 800.9 | 1,060.7 | 864.1 | --- | --- | --- |
| Business firms6 | 2,237.2 | 2,533.3 | 563.7 | 279.4 | 384.1 | 325.7 | 405.0 | 385.5 | 351.0 | 392.7 | 738.1 | 908.4 | 782.0 | -13.9 |
| Higher education7 | 1,957.9 | 356.9 | 456.0 | 285.6 | 387.0 | 345.3 | 333.6 | 404.2 | 463.4 | 570.2 | 382.1 | 381.1 | 589.0 | 54.5 |
| Nonprofit organizations8 | 314.1 | 176.3 | 245.8 | 222.2 | 252.8 | 178.8 | 340.3 | 182.2 | 203.5 | 188.4 | 136.1 | 164.1 | 282.0 | 71.8 |
| State and local governments | 2.6 | 0.2 | # | 0.2 | 0.4 | # | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 1.3 | 7.6 | 6.4 | 5.0 | -21.3 |
| Non-U.S. performers9 | 5.1 | 18.2 | 9.3 | 4.7 | 4.0 | 0.1 | 12.3 | 28.9 | 15.9 | 11.4 | † | † | † | † |
| ---Not available. | ||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||
| #Rounds to zero. | ||||||||||||||
| 1Obligations represent the amounts for orders placed, contracts awarded, services received, and similar transactions during a given period, regardless of when funds were appropriated and when future payment of money is required. | ||||||||||||||
| 2Beginning with fiscal year (FY) 2016, data reported for development represent a refinement to this category by more narrowly defining it as "experimental development." Most notably, this category no longer includes Department of Defense Budget Activity 7 (Operational Systems Development) funds, which support development efforts to upgrade systems that have been fielded or have received approval for full-rate production and anticipate production funding in the current or subsequent fiscal year. Therefore, development data reported for FY 2016 and later FYs are not directly comparable with the data reported for previous FYs. | ||||||||||||||
| 3"R&D plant" is defined as spending on both R&D facilities and major equipment and includes physical assets, such as land, structures, equipment, and intellectual property (e.g., software or applications) that have an estimated useful life of 2 years or more. Reporting for R&D plant includes the purchase, construction, manufacture, rehabilitation, or major improvement of physical assets regardless of whether the assets are owned or operated by the federal government, states, municipalities, or private individuals. The cost of the asset includes both its purchase price and all other costs incurred to bring it to a form and location suitable for use. | ||||||||||||||
| 4Includes costs associated with the administration of intramural and extramural programs by federal personnel as well as actual intramural performance. Prior to FY 2020, "Federal agencies" was defined as "Federal intramural." | ||||||||||||||
| 5Beginning with FY 2021, FFRDC obligation data are reported as a total, rather than across three categories (industry-administered, university-administered, and nonprofit-administered). For years prior to 2020, FFRDC obligations totals are calculated by summing these three categories. | ||||||||||||||
| 6Prior to FY 2020, "Business firms" was defined as "Industrial firms." | ||||||||||||||
| 7Prior to FY 2020, "Higher education" was defined as "Universities and colleges." | ||||||||||||||
| 8Prior to FY 2020, "Nonprofit organizations" was defined as "Other nonprofit institutions." | ||||||||||||||
| 9Prior to FY 2020, "Non-U.S. performers" was defined as "Foreign." | ||||||||||||||
| 10Prior to FY 2020, "Geo-, atmospheric, and ocean sciences" was defined as "Environmental sciences." | ||||||||||||||
| 11Beginning in FY 2021, "Computer sciences and mathematics" data are reported in two categories ("Computer and information sciences" and "Mathematics and statistics"). For FY 2021 and 2022, "Computer sciences and mathematics" data are calculated by summing the two new categories. | ||||||||||||||
| 12Prior to FY 2020, "Other fields" was defined as "Other sciences." | ||||||||||||||
| 13Data adjusted by the federal budget composite deflator reported in U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government, Historical Tables, Fiscal Year 2024. | ||||||||||||||
| NOTE: "<0.5" represents amounts greater than $0 but less than $500,000. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Totals do not include the Central Intelligence Agency. For more information about R&D plant obligations, see https://ncses.nsf.gov/surveys/federal-funds-research-development/2021-2022#technical-notes. | ||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development, 2010 through 2022, retrieved February 6, 2024, from https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf24309/assets/data-tables/tables/nsf24309-tab002.xlsx. (This table was prepared February 2024.) | ||||||||||||||
