Federal on-budget funds for education, by agency and program: Selected fiscal years, 1970 through 2022

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Table 401.20.Federal on-budget funds for education, by agency and program: Selected fiscal years, 1970 through 2022
[In thousands of dollars]
Agency and program	1970¹	1980¹	1990	2000	2010	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
	Current dollars
Total	$12,511,079	$34,465,612	$56,033,753	$94,257,817	$179,560,187	$199,611,510	$207,426,048	$200,023,892	$241,137,480	$217,316,354	$245,609,161	$374,619,271	$568,858,061	$725,053,894
Department of Education²	4,625,224	13,137,785	23,198,575	34,106,697	80,886,361	95,402,189	100,421,930	88,871,248	127,025,204	97,614,576	121,964,676	244,098,747	435,162,103	594,752,561
Department of Agriculture	960,910	4,562,467	6,260,843	11,080,031	19,719,460	21,739,689	23,855,189	24,712,496	25,388,830	26,763,572	26,313,727	27,145,266	28,814,947	30,568,447
Department of Commerce	13,990	135,561	53,835	114,575	303,000	275,521	272,897	272,936	310,300	383,612	425,800	405,000	499,750	571,000
Department of Defense	821,388	1,560,301	3,605,509	4,525,080	7,686,288	7,297,021	7,006,346	7,194,204	7,230,743	7,920,474	8,414,529	9,771,446	10,025,976	10,007,745
Department of Energy	551,527	1,605,558	2,561,950	3,577,004	3,402,600	3,288,681	3,484,388	3,680,701	3,690,688	4,417,406	4,611,059	5,062,811	4,954,223	1,765,033
Department of Health and Human Services	1,127,521	3,712,930	11,906,197	24,961,831	39,742,472	39,071,095	38,996,167	41,076,948	42,492,380	44,973,040	47,938,911	51,298,849	53,990,217	55,470,772
Department of Homeland Security	†	†	†	†	540,229	371,808	372,144	332,266	312,254	301,672	297,220	398,905	392,282	426,391
Department of Housing and Urban Development	114,709	5,314	118	1,400	400	100	1,100	500	1,200	3,000	1,600	†	†	†
Department of the Interior	175,555	412,657	599,948	928,939	1,008,316	944,214	947,975	1,012,768	1,011,876	1,044,119	1,264,121	1,216,683	1,227,650	1,320,350
Department of Justice	15,728	60,721	99,775	292,859	219,993	240,957	233,264	265,780	242,304	197,797	198,897	211,604	255,691	261,081
Department of Labor	424,494	1,862,738	2,511,380	4,696,100	4,845,735	4,837,010	4,827,861	5,024,580	5,018,397	5,020,641	5,270,855	5,354,855	5,411,815	5,411,855
Department of State	59,742	25,188	51,225	388,349	801,180	835,741	870,920	864,395	854,326	914,232	963,196	1,014,776	1,031,957	1,032,074
Department of Transportation	27,534	54,712	76,186	117,054	160,243	168,000	178,050	182,614	188,918	228,054	591,293	703,821	682,244	695,832
Department of the Treasury	18	1,247,463	41,715	83,000	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Department of Veterans Affairs	1,032,918	2,351,233	757,476	1,577,374	8,795,010	13,085,173	13,517,156	13,960,336	14,423,386	14,477,963	13,346,406	14,344,614	11,970,448	11,138,167
Other agencies and programs
ACTION	†	2,833	8,472	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Agency for International Development	88,034	176,770	249,786	332,500	557,900	594,039	648,000	657,111	688,243	461,030	512,130	51,000	15,000	15,000
Appalachian Regional Commission	37,838	19,032	93	7,243	5,070	13,073	23,682	39,639	35,712	21,904	35,470	30,170	34,868	61,224
Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation	†	†	1,033	3,000	4,000	3,000	2,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	4,000	3,000	4,000
Corporation for National and Community Service	†	†	†	696,545	857,021	756,849	758,349	787,929	736,029	736,029	786,629	806,529	843,115	865,409
Environmental Protection Agency	19,446	41,083	87,481	98,900	54,700	86,100	68,600	56,600	51,500	51,400	52,500	52,700	40,000	42,000
Estimated education share of federal aid to the District of Columbia	33,019	81,847	104,940	127,127	159,670	210,732	147,424	129,091	161,031	147,483	163,831	180,845	224,253	295,039
Federal Emergency Management Agency	290	1,946	215	14,894	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
General Services Administration	14,775	34,800	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation	†	-1,895	2,883	3,000	2,000	1,000	1,000	1,000	1,000	1,000	1,000	2,000	2,000	2,000
Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native Culture and Arts Development	†	†	4,305	2,000	8,000	9,000	9,000	12,000	12,000	15,000	10,000	10,000	11,000	11,000
Institute of Museum and Library Services	†	†	†	166,000	282,251	226,860	227,860	230,000	230,000	229,000	242,000	252,000	452,000	292,000
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation	†	†	191	7,000	2,000	2,000	2,000	2,000	2,000	2,000	2,000	2,000	2,000	2,000
Japanese-United States Friendship Commission	†	2,294	2,299	3,000	2,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	2,000
Library of Congress	29,478	151,871	189,827	299,000	510,877	455,760	464,449	469,547	500,915	510,412	524,642	551,892	583,217	618,338
National Aeronautics and Space Administration	258,366	255,511	1,093,303	2,077,830	1,585,500	2,287,755	2,355,450	2,522,132	2,683,000	2,894,900	3,242,500	3,345,300	3,421,675	1,242,000
National Archives and Records Administration	†	†	77,397	121,879	339,000	386,630	381,730	389,073	392,956	393,960	403,212	377,823	397,823	476,543
National Commission on Libraries and Information Science	†	2,090	3,281	2,000	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
National Endowment for the Arts	340	5,220	5,577	10,048	14,413	15,426	13,509	14,364	14,216	13,354	12,831	17,159	13,854	21,967
National Endowment for the Humanities	8,459	142,586	141,048	100,014	142,654	117,533	120,216	121,925	104,533	93,392	94,705	99,936	104,886	111,417
National Science Foundation	295,628	808,392	1,588,891	2,955,244	5,533,530	5,476,858	5,808,512	5,735,629	5,956,118	6,109,979	6,572,627	6,496,700	7,074,145	6,294,901
Nuclear Regulatory Commission	†	32,590	42,328	12,200	14,500	9,400	8,000	8,000	5,900	6,000	4,600	6,500	13,200	10,000
Office of Economic Opportunity	1,092,410	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Social Security Administration	669,333	1,901,000	489,814	729,036	1,281,700	1,328,700	1,327,200	1,319,900	1,294,600	1,288,700	1,263,600	1,219,000	1,117,400	1,168,000
Smithsonian Institution	2,461	5,153	5,779	25,764	28,814	28,796	29,979	27,779	27,538	28,070	28,060	28,840	31,322	36,748
U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency	100	661	25	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
United States Information Agency	8,423	66,210	201,547	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
United States Institute of Peace	†	†	7,621	13,000	49,000	37,000	35,000	35,300	37,884	37,884	38,634	45,000	45,000	54,000
Other agencies	1,421	990	885	300	14,300	4,800	5,700	7,100	5,500	8,700	9,900	9,500	6,000	7,000
	Constant fiscal year 2022 dollars³
Total	$85,845,358	$113,779,276	$116,770,372	$153,513,829	$229,388,045	$237,135,529	$245,110,749	$234,889,913	$278,468,291	$245,357,821	$272,451,449	$407,836,579	$602,265,311	$725,053,894
Department of Education²	31,736,192	43,370,989	48,344,187	55,548,174	103,332,284	113,336,393	118,666,362	104,362,332	146,690,144	110,210,296	135,294,028	265,742,864	460,717,809	594,752,561
Department of Agriculture	6,593,329	15,061,801	13,047,153	18,045,591	25,191,600	25,826,430	28,189,146	29,020,114	29,319,308	30,217,016	29,189,518	29,552,224	30,507,158	30,568,447
Department of Commerce	95,993	447,519	112,188	186,604	387,082	327,315	322,476	320,511	358,338	433,111	472,335	440,911	529,099	571,000
Department of Defense	5,635,992	5,150,929	7,513,625	7,369,812	9,819,229	8,668,753	8,279,243	8,448,221	8,350,143	8,942,494	9,334,141	10,637,875	10,614,770	10,007,745
Department of Energy	3,784,328	5,300,333	5,338,923	5,825,719	4,346,820	3,906,904	4,117,424	4,322,282	4,262,048	4,987,407	5,114,995	5,511,728	5,245,169	1,765,033
Department of Health and Human Services	7,736,538	12,257,275	24,811,671	40,654,307	50,770,987	46,415,884	46,080,904	48,237,042	49,070,681	50,776,147	53,178,088	55,847,493	57,160,893	55,470,772
Department of Homeland Security	†	†	†	†	690,142	441,703	439,754	390,183	360,594	340,598	329,703	434,276	415,319	426,391
Department of Housing and Urban Development	787,081	17,543	246	2,280	511	119	1,300	587	1,386	3,387	1,775	†	†	†
Department of the Interior	1,204,579	1,362,280	1,250,249	1,512,925	1,288,123	1,121,712	1,120,201	1,189,303	1,168,526	1,178,847	1,402,275	1,324,566	1,299,746	1,320,350
Department of Justice	107,918	200,455	207,924	476,967	281,041	286,253	275,643	312,108	279,815	223,320	220,634	230,367	270,707	261,081
Department of Labor	2,912,686	6,149,346	5,233,538	7,648,345	6,190,424	5,746,297	5,704,976	5,900,411	5,795,302	5,668,481	5,846,900	5,829,667	5,729,634	5,411,855
Department of State	409,923	83,152	106,749	632,488	1,023,507	992,848	1,029,147	1,015,067	986,585	1,032,200	1,068,462	1,104,756	1,092,561	1,032,074
Department of Transportation	188,926	180,617	158,766	190,641	204,710	199,582	210,398	214,445	218,165	257,481	655,915	766,228	722,310	695,832
Department of the Treasury	124	4,118,175	86,931	135,179	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Department of Veterans Affairs	7,087,415	7,761,986	1,578,526	2,569,004	11,235,621	15,544,992	15,972,923	16,393,752	16,656,289	16,346,130	14,805,016	15,616,544	12,673,435	11,138,167
Other agencies and programs
ACTION	†	9,352	17,655	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Agency for International Development	604,049	583,560	520,536	541,529	712,717	705,710	765,727	771,652	794,791	520,519	568,100	55,522	15,881	15,000
Appalachian Regional Commission	259,627	62,829	194	11,796	6,477	15,531	27,984	46,549	41,241	24,730	39,347	32,845	36,916	61,224
Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation	†	†	2,153	4,886	5,110	3,564	2,363	3,523	3,464	3,387	3,328	4,355	3,176	4,000
Corporation for National and Community Service	†	†	†	1,134,434	1,094,844	899,125	896,124	925,272	849,975	831,003	872,599	878,044	892,628	865,409
Environmental Protection Agency	133,430	135,625	182,304	161,074	69,879	102,286	81,063	66,466	59,473	58,032	58,238	57,373	42,349	42,000
Estimated education share of federal aid to the District of Columbia	226,561	270,197	218,688	207,047	203,978	250,347	174,208	151,593	185,960	166,514	181,736	196,880	237,423	295,039
Federal Emergency Management Agency	1,990	6,424	448	24,257	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
General Services Administration	101,379	114,883	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation	†	-6,256	6,008	4,886	2,555	1,188	1,182	1,174	1,155	1,129	1,109	2,177	2,117	2,000
Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native Culture and Arts Development	†	†	8,971	3,257	10,220	10,692	10,635	14,092	13,858	16,936	11,093	10,887	11,646	11,000
Institute of Museum and Library Services	†	†	†	270,357	360,576	269,506	269,257	270,091	265,607	258,549	268,448	274,345	478,545	292,000
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation	†	†	398	11,401	2,555	2,376	2,363	2,349	2,310	2,258	2,219	2,177	2,117	2,000
Japanese-United States Friendship Commission	†	7,573	4,791	4,886	2,555	3,564	3,545	3,523	3,464	3,387	3,328	3,266	3,176	2,000
Library of Congress	202,265	501,363	395,586	486,969	652,645	541,436	548,829	551,393	578,462	576,273	581,979	600,828	617,468	618,338
National Aeronautics and Space Administration	1,772,790	843,503	2,278,366	3,384,076	2,025,475	2,717,819	2,783,383	2,961,763	3,098,359	3,268,444	3,596,868	3,641,926	3,622,619	1,242,000
National Archives and Records Administration	†	†	161,290	198,499	433,072	459,311	451,082	456,892	453,790	444,795	447,278	411,324	421,186	476,543
National Commission on Libraries and Information Science	†	6,900	6,837	3,257	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
National Endowment for the Arts	2,333	17,232	11,622	16,364	18,413	18,326	15,963	16,868	16,417	15,077	14,233	18,680	14,668	21,967
National Endowment for the Humanities	58,042	470,711	293,934	162,889	182,240	139,627	142,057	143,178	120,716	105,443	105,055	108,797	111,046	111,417
National Science Foundation	2,028,465	2,668,696	3,311,136	4,813,084	7,069,082	6,506,427	6,863,789	6,735,402	6,878,192	6,898,381	7,290,941	7,072,759	7,489,587	6,294,901
Nuclear Regulatory Commission	†	107,587	88,209	19,870	18,524	11,167	9,453	9,394	6,813	6,774	5,103	7,076	13,975	10,000
Office of Economic Opportunity	7,495,623	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Social Security Administration	4,592,660	6,275,658	1,020,738	1,187,351	1,637,371	1,578,476	1,568,323	1,549,971	1,495,019	1,454,988	1,401,697	1,327,088	1,183,021	1,168,000
Smithsonian Institution	16,886	17,011	12,043	41,961	36,810	34,209	35,426	32,621	31,801	31,692	31,127	31,397	33,161	36,748
U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency	686	2,182	52	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
United States Information Agency	57,795	218,575	420,010	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
United States Institute of Peace	†	†	15,882	21,173	62,597	43,955	41,359	41,453	43,749	42,772	42,856	48,990	47,643	54,000
Other agencies	9,750	3,268	1,844	489	18,268	5,702	6,736	8,338	6,351	9,823	10,982	10,342	6,352	7,000
†Not applicable.
¹Excludes federal support for medical education benefits under Medicare in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Benefits are excluded because data before fiscal year (FY) 1990 are not available. This program has existed since Medicare began but was not available as a separate budget item until FY 1990.
²The U.S. Department of Education was created in May 1980. It formerly was the Office of Education in the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. This table does not include education funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) because these funds are included only in tables that show FY 2009. Most of these funds had a 2-year availability, meaning they were available for the Department of Education to obligate during FY 2009 and FY 2010.
³Data adjusted by the federal budget composite deflator, as reported in the U.S. Office of Management and Budget's Budget of the U.S. Government, Historical Tables, Fiscal Year 2024.
NOTE: To the extent possible, federal education funds data do not represent obligations but instead represent appropriations or (especially for earlier years) outlays. Negative amounts occur when program receipts exceed outlays. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, unpublished tabulations. U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government, Appendix; and supplemental agency budget documents, fiscal years 1972 through 2024. National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and Development, fiscal years 1970 through 2023. (This table was prepared February 2024.)

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