Total expenditures of public degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by purpose and level of institution: Fiscal years 2009-10 through 2021-22

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Table 334.10.Total expenditures of public degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by purpose and level of institution: Fiscal years 2009-10 through 2021-22
Level of institution and year	Total	Instruction¹		Research²	Public service³	Academic support⁴	Student services⁵	Institutional support⁶	Auxiliary enterprises⁷	Net grant aid to students⁸	Hospital services⁹	Independent operations¹⁰	Other¹¹
Level of institution and year	Total	Total¹²	Salaries and wages	Research²	Public service³	Academic support⁴	Student services⁵	Institutional support⁶	Auxiliary enterprises⁷	Net grant aid to students⁸	Hospital services⁹	Independent operations¹⁰	Other¹¹
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
	In thousands of current dollars
All levels
2009-10	$281,390,445	$89,237,995	$51,808,563	$32,270,072	$12,980,154	$22,788,482	$15,661,212	$27,554,886	$25,981,203	$15,494,246	$28,484,978	$1,310,925	$9,626,291
2010-11	296,862,854	93,090,749	53,586,472	33,866,656	13,426,331	23,441,698	16,276,833	29,051,411	27,649,838	17,487,275	29,980,642	1,233,264	11,358,158
2011-12	305,537,590	95,093,836	54,341,187	34,282,999	13,567,337	24,712,457	17,019,195	29,512,479	28,475,340	16,611,881	33,063,066	1,297,507	11,901,492
2012-13	311,421,148	97,716,338	55,555,358	34,634,474	13,495,216	25,725,240	17,679,256	30,850,117	29,002,556	16,227,767	34,208,788	1,320,284	10,561,112
2013-14	323,893,053	101,281,681	57,591,057	34,407,750	13,906,406	27,038,128	18,668,134	32,398,315	30,031,093	15,978,858	36,965,327	1,512,402	11,704,959

2014-15	335,630,086	105,240,912	59,348,073	35,189,410	14,105,428	28,349,420	19,545,937	33,290,396	31,011,138	15,881,788	39,887,678	1,603,180	11,524,799
2015-16	354,775,570	108,299,168	61,715,250	36,125,887	14,756,434	29,627,129	20,278,907	34,475,739	31,449,402	15,518,286	45,053,249	1,688,715	17,502,653
2016-17	371,705,042	111,838,548	63,829,915	37,352,788	15,588,815	31,088,231	21,200,127	35,967,658	33,203,335	15,370,320	49,002,994	1,712,683	19,379,543
2017-18	386,707,398	112,142,051	64,923,778	38,478,262	15,823,454	31,825,499	21,681,646	35,504,806	33,815,502	16,154,506	50,541,920	1,751,610	28,988,144
2018-19	401,140,313	114,060,004	66,791,518	40,121,030	15,914,358	32,557,038	22,342,618	36,235,566	34,285,584	16,336,983	54,920,796	1,701,943	32,664,393

2019-20	419,867,683	115,524,422	68,783,484	41,409,335	16,684,667	33,486,350	22,642,055	37,842,260	32,882,506	19,759,151	59,445,263	1,781,167	38,410,507
2020-21	419,782,124	113,627,748	67,790,931	42,849,677	17,752,063	33,825,118	22,473,230	39,170,121	29,528,974	22,540,813	63,854,567	1,977,808	32,182,005
2021-22	453,803,053	118,113,159	69,927,079	46,984,259	18,786,679	35,742,271	24,474,042	41,611,836	34,429,574	28,742,602	70,300,302	2,205,944	32,412,385

4-year
2009-10	230,212,346	67,643,385	39,032,863	32,246,034	12,071,239	18,517,775	10,439,050	19,637,465	23,267,303	9,103,655	28,484,978	1,310,925	7,490,538
2010-11	242,591,219	70,524,278	40,420,752	33,842,288	12,497,023	19,037,101	10,918,171	20,760,495	24,856,936	10,088,873	29,980,642	1,233,264	8,852,149
2011-12	251,518,494	72,456,621	41,334,687	34,259,475	12,635,035	20,246,241	11,548,269	21,042,773	25,720,831	9,737,295	33,063,066	1,297,507	9,511,380
2012-13	257,550,418	74,836,904	42,537,154	34,613,057	12,608,770	21,150,882	12,114,278	22,151,644	26,335,976	9,823,162	34,208,788	1,320,284	8,386,673
2013-14	269,871,401	78,181,765	44,567,486	34,381,434	13,042,105	22,291,975	12,983,254	23,519,705	27,469,515	9,914,507	36,965,327	1,512,402	9,609,411

2014-15	281,198,453	81,857,112	46,260,575	35,166,043	13,257,351	23,504,976	13,595,835	24,290,848	28,543,769	10,057,062	39,887,678	1,603,180	9,434,598
2015-16	301,270,243	85,962,887	48,769,505	36,100,447	13,954,900	24,946,937	14,449,291	25,621,839	29,213,644	10,403,387	45,053,249	1,688,715	13,874,946
2016-17	317,579,534	89,338,819	50,967,703	37,324,213	14,748,258	26,371,904	15,226,010	26,688,763	31,028,018	10,631,345	49,002,994	1,712,683	15,506,527
2017-18	332,906,823	89,961,909	52,235,219	38,449,578	14,954,404	27,144,639	15,634,665	26,830,685	31,707,585	11,281,084	50,541,920	1,751,610	24,648,743
2018-19	347,865,754	92,581,445	54,268,127	40,091,835	15,107,212	27,906,883	16,401,247	27,612,177	32,306,091	11,632,035	54,920,796	1,701,943	27,604,089

2019-20	366,252,077	94,674,780	56,472,743	41,378,854	15,932,361	28,976,896	16,752,119	29,409,600	31,087,558	14,468,505	59,445,263	1,781,167	32,344,972
2020-21	365,901,453	93,726,121	56,019,594	42,819,516	17,029,105	29,438,342	16,678,332	30,270,632	27,990,454	16,708,960	63,854,567	1,977,808	25,407,614
2021-22	398,633,865	98,353,676	58,120,954	46,951,203	18,011,453	31,246,204	18,467,809	32,479,933	32,867,318	20,841,493	70,300,302	2,205,944	26,908,530

2-year
2009-10	51,178,098	21,594,609	12,775,700	24,038	908,915	4,270,708	5,222,163	7,917,422	2,713,901	6,390,591	0	0	2,135,752
2010-11	54,271,635	22,566,471	13,165,721	24,368	929,308	4,404,597	5,358,662	8,290,916	2,792,902	7,398,402	0	0	2,506,009
2011-12	54,019,096	22,637,215	13,006,500	23,525	932,302	4,466,216	5,470,926	8,469,706	2,754,509	6,874,585	0	0	2,390,112
2012-13	53,870,729	22,879,434	13,018,204	21,417	886,446	4,574,358	5,564,978	8,698,474	2,666,580	6,404,605	0	0	2,174,439
2013-14	54,021,651	23,099,916	13,023,571	26,316	864,300	4,746,153	5,684,879	8,878,610	2,561,577	6,064,351	0	0	2,095,548

2014-15	54,431,633	23,383,800	13,087,499	23,367	848,077	4,844,444	5,950,102	8,999,548	2,467,368	5,824,726	0	0	2,090,201
2015-16	53,505,327	22,336,281	12,945,745	25,440	801,533	4,680,192	5,829,616	8,853,900	2,235,758	5,114,899	0	0	3,627,707
2016-17	54,125,509	22,499,729	12,862,211	28,574	840,557	4,716,327	5,974,117	9,278,896	2,175,317	4,738,975	0	0	3,873,016
2017-18	53,800,576	22,180,141	12,688,559	28,684	869,050	4,680,859	6,046,981	8,674,121	2,107,917	4,873,422	0	0	4,339,400
2018-19	53,274,559	21,478,559	12,523,391	29,195	807,145	4,650,156	5,941,370	8,623,389	1,979,493	4,704,948	0	0	5,060,304

2019-20	53,615,606	20,849,642	12,310,741	30,481	752,306	4,509,454	5,889,936	8,432,660	1,794,948	5,290,646	0	0	6,065,535
2020-21	53,880,671	19,901,627	11,771,337	30,161	722,958	4,386,776	5,794,897	8,899,488	1,538,520	5,831,852	0	0	6,774,391
2021-22	55,169,188	19,759,483	11,806,125	33,056	775,225	4,496,067	6,006,234	9,131,903	1,562,256	7,901,108	0	0	5,503,855
	Percentage distribution
All levels
2009-10	100.00	31.71	18.41	11.47	4.61	8.10	5.57	9.79	9.23	5.51	10.12	0.47	3.42
2010-11	100.00	31.36	18.05	11.41	4.52	7.90	5.48	9.79	9.31	5.89	10.10	0.42	3.83
2011-12	100.00	31.12	17.79	11.22	4.44	8.09	5.57	9.66	9.32	5.44	10.82	0.42	3.90
2012-13	100.00	31.38	17.84	11.12	4.33	8.26	5.68	9.91	9.31	5.21	10.98	0.42	3.39
2013-14	100.00	31.27	17.78	10.62	4.29	8.35	5.76	10.00	9.27	4.93	11.41	0.47	3.61

2014-15	100.00	31.36	17.68	10.48	4.20	8.45	5.82	9.92	9.24	4.73	11.88	0.48	3.43
2015-16	100.00	30.53	17.40	10.18	4.16	8.35	5.72	9.72	8.86	4.37	12.70	0.48	4.93
2016-17	100.00	30.09	17.17	10.05	4.19	8.36	5.70	9.68	8.93	4.14	13.18	0.46	5.21
2017-18	100.00	29.00	16.79	9.95	4.09	8.23	5.61	9.18	8.74	4.18	13.07	0.45	7.50
2018-19	100.00	28.43	16.65	10.00	3.97	8.12	5.57	9.03	8.55	4.07	13.69	0.42	8.14

2019-20	100.00	27.51	16.38	9.86	3.97	7.98	5.39	9.01	7.83	4.71	14.16	0.42	9.15
2020-21	100.00	27.07	16.15	10.21	4.23	8.06	5.35	9.33	7.03	5.37	15.21	0.47	7.67
2021-22	100.00	26.03	15.41	10.35	4.14	7.88	5.39	9.17	7.59	6.33	15.49	0.49	7.14

4-year
2009-10	100.00	29.38	16.96	14.01	5.24	8.04	4.53	8.53	10.11	3.95	12.37	0.57	3.25
2010-11	100.00	29.07	16.66	13.95	5.15	7.85	4.50	8.56	10.25	4.16	12.36	0.51	3.65
2011-12	100.00	28.81	16.43	13.62	5.02	8.05	4.59	8.37	10.23	3.87	13.15	0.52	3.78
2012-13	100.00	29.06	16.52	13.44	4.90	8.21	4.70	8.60	10.23	3.81	13.28	0.51	3.26
2013-14	100.00	28.97	16.51	12.74	4.83	8.26	4.81	8.72	10.18	3.67	13.70	0.56	3.56

2014-15	100.00	29.11	16.45	12.51	4.71	8.36	4.83	8.64	10.15	3.58	14.18	0.57	3.36
2015-16	100.00	28.53	16.19	11.98	4.63	8.28	4.80	8.50	9.70	3.45	14.95	0.56	4.61
2016-17	100.00	28.13	16.05	11.75	4.64	8.30	4.79	8.40	9.77	3.35	15.43	0.54	4.88
2017-18	100.00	27.02	15.69	11.55	4.49	8.15	4.70	8.06	9.52	3.39	15.18	0.53	7.40
2018-19	100.00	26.61	15.60	11.53	4.34	8.02	4.71	7.94	9.29	3.34	15.79	0.49	7.94

2019-20	100.00	25.85	15.42	11.30	4.35	7.91	4.57	8.03	8.49	3.95	16.23	0.49	8.83
2020-21	100.00	25.62	15.31	11.70	4.65	8.05	4.56	8.27	7.65	4.57	17.45	0.54	6.94
2021-22	100.00	24.67	14.58	11.78	4.52	7.84	4.63	8.15	8.24	5.23	17.64	0.55	6.75

2-year
2009-10	100.00	42.20	24.96	0.05	1.78	8.34	10.20	15.47	5.30	12.49	0	0	4.17
2010-11	100.00	41.58	24.26	0.04	1.71	8.12	9.87	15.28	5.15	13.63	0	0	4.62
2011-12	100.00	41.91	24.08	0.04	1.73	8.27	10.13	15.68	5.10	12.73	0	0	4.42
2012-13	100.00	42.47	24.17	0.04	1.65	8.49	10.33	16.15	4.95	11.89	0	0	4.04
2013-14	100.00	42.76	24.11	0.05	1.60	8.79	10.52	16.44	4.74	11.23	0	0	3.88

2014-15	100.00	42.96	24.04	0.04	1.56	8.90	10.93	16.53	4.53	10.70	0	0	3.84
2015-16	100.00	41.75	24.20	0.05	1.50	8.75	10.90	16.55	4.18	9.56	0	0	6.78
2016-17	100.00	41.57	23.76	0.05	1.55	8.71	11.04	17.14	4.02	8.76	0	0	7.16
2017-18	100.00	41.23	23.58	0.05	1.62	8.70	11.24	16.12	3.92	9.06	0	0	8.07
2018-19	100.00	40.32	23.51	0.05	1.52	8.73	11.15	16.19	3.72	8.83	0	0	9.50

2019-20	100.00	38.89	22.96	0.06	1.40	8.41	10.99	15.73	3.35	9.87	0	0	11.31
2020-21	100.00	36.94	21.85	0.06	1.34	8.14	10.76	16.52	2.86	10.82	0	0	12.57
2021-22	100.00	35.82	21.40	0.06	1.41	8.15	10.89	16.55	2.83	14.32	0	0	9.98
	Expenditure per full-time-equivalent student in constant 2022-23 dollars¹³
All levels
2009-10	$36,205	$11,482	$6,666	$4,152	$1,670	$2,932	$2,015	$3,545	$3,343	$1,994	$3,665	$169	$1,239
2010-11	36,520	11,452	6,592	4,166	1,652	2,884	2,002	3,574	3,401	2,151	3,688	152	1,397
2011-12	36,730	11,432	6,533	4,121	1,631	2,971	2,046	3,548	3,423	1,997	3,975	156	1,431
2012-13	37,415	11,740	6,675	4,161	1,621	3,091	2,124	3,706	3,484	1,950	4,110	159	1,269
2013-14	38,615	12,075	6,866	4,102	1,658	3,224	2,226	3,863	3,580	1,905	4,407	180	1,395

2014-15	40,001	12,543	7,073	4,194	1,681	3,379	2,330	3,968	3,696	1,893	4,754	191	1,374
2015-16	42,217	12,887	7,344	4,299	1,756	3,526	2,413	4,102	3,742	1,847	5,361	201	2,083
2016-17	43,422	13,065	7,457	4,364	1,821	3,632	2,477	4,202	3,879	1,796	5,725	200	2,264
2017-18	44,193	12,816	7,420	4,397	1,808	3,637	2,478	4,058	3,864	1,846	5,776	200	3,313
2018-19	45,099	12,823	7,509	4,511	1,789	3,660	2,512	4,074	3,855	1,837	6,175	191	3,672

2019-20	46,643	12,834	7,641	4,600	1,854	3,720	2,515	4,204	3,653	2,195	6,604	198	4,267
2020-21	47,483	12,853	7,668	4,847	2,008	3,826	2,542	4,431	3,340	2,550	7,223	224	3,640
2021-22	49,372	12,850	7,608	5,112	2,044	3,889	2,663	4,527	3,746	3,127	7,648	240	3,526

4-year
2009-10	49,334	14,496	8,365	6,910	2,587	3,968	2,237	4,208	4,986	1,951	6,104	281	1,605
2010-11	49,555	14,406	8,257	6,913	2,553	3,889	2,230	4,241	5,078	2,061	6,124	252	1,808
2011-12	49,187	14,170	8,083	6,700	2,471	3,959	2,258	4,115	5,030	1,904	6,466	254	1,860
2012-13	49,322	14,332	8,146	6,629	2,415	4,050	2,320	4,242	5,043	1,881	6,551	253	1,606
2013-14	50,686	14,684	8,370	6,457	2,450	4,187	2,438	4,417	5,159	1,862	6,943	284	1,805

2014-15	51,663	15,039	8,499	6,461	2,436	4,318	2,498	4,463	5,244	1,848	7,328	295	1,733
2015-16	54,363	15,512	8,800	6,514	2,518	4,502	2,607	4,623	5,272	1,877	8,130	305	2,504
2016-17	54,315	15,279	8,717	6,384	2,522	4,510	2,604	4,565	5,307	1,818	8,381	293	2,652
2017-18	55,009	14,865	8,631	6,353	2,471	4,485	2,583	4,433	5,239	1,864	8,352	289	4,073
2018-19	55,801	14,851	8,705	6,431	2,423	4,477	2,631	4,429	5,182	1,866	8,810	273	4,428

2019-20	57,408	14,840	8,852	6,486	2,497	4,542	2,626	4,610	4,873	2,268	9,318	279	5,070
2020-21	56,216	14,400	8,607	6,579	2,616	4,523	2,562	4,651	4,300	2,567	9,810	304	3,904
2021-22	58,040	14,320	8,462	6,836	2,622	4,549	2,689	4,729	4,785	3,034	10,235	321	3,918

2-year
2009-10	16,479	6,953	4,114	8	293	1,375	1,682	2,549	874	2,058	0	0	688
2010-11	16,784	6,979	4,072	8	287	1,362	1,657	2,564	864	2,288	0	0	775
2011-12	16,855	7,063	4,058	7	291	1,394	1,707	2,643	859	2,145	0	0	746
2012-13	17,369	7,377	4,197	7	286	1,475	1,794	2,805	860	2,065	0	0	701
2013-14	17,635	7,541	4,252	9	282	1,549	1,856	2,898	836	1,980	0	0	684

2014-15	18,467	7,933	4,440	8	288	1,644	2,019	3,053	837	1,976	0	0	709
2015-16	18,696	7,805	4,524	9	280	1,635	2,037	3,094	781	1,787	0	0	1,268
2016-17	19,949	8,293	4,741	11	310	1,738	2,202	3,420	802	1,747	0	0	1,427
2017-18	19,937	8,219	4,702	11	322	1,735	2,241	3,214	781	1,806	0	0	1,608
2018-19	20,023	8,073	4,707	11	303	1,748	2,233	3,241	744	1,768	0	0	1,902

2019-20	20,449	7,952	4,695	12	287	1,720	2,246	3,216	685	2,018	0	0	2,313
2020-21	23,106	8,535	5,048	13	310	1,881	2,485	3,816	660	2,501	0	0	2,905
2021-22	23,747	8,505	5,082	14	334	1,935	2,585	3,931	672	3,401	0	0	2,369
¹Expenses related to colleges, schools, departments, and other instructional divisions of the institution and expenses for departmental research and public service that are not separately budgeted. Includes expenses for both credit and noncredit activities. Excludes expenses for academic administration where the primary function is administration.
²Activities specifically organized to produce research outcomes and commissioned by an agency either external to the institution or separately budgeted by an organizational unit within the institution.
³Activities established primarily to provide noninstructional services beneficial to individuals and groups external to the institution. Includes expenses for community services, cooperative extension services, and public broadcasting services.
⁴Activities and services that support the institution's primary mission of instruction, research, and public service.
⁵Expenses related to admissions, registrar activities, and activities whose primary purpose is to contribute to students' emotional and physical well-being and to their intellectual, cultural, and social development outside the context of the formal instructional program. Intercollegiate athletics and student health services may also be included except when operated as self-supporting auxiliary enterprises.
⁶Expenses for the day-to-day operational support of the institution.
⁷Essentially self-supporting operations of institutions that furnish a service to students, faculty, or staff, such as residence halls and food services.
⁸Scholarship and fellowship expenses, net of discounts and allowances. Excludes the amount of discounts and allowances that were recorded as a reduction to revenues from tuition and fees and from auxiliary enterprises, such as room, board, and books.
⁹Expenses associated with a hospital operated by the postsecondary institution and reported as a part of the institution. Includes nursing expenses, other professional services, general services, administrative services, and fiscal services.
¹⁰Expenses associated with operations that are independent of or unrelated to the primary mission of the institution, although they may contribute indirectly to the enhancement of these programs. This category is generally limited to expenses of a major federally funded research and development center. Expenses related to operations owned and managed as investments of the institution's endowment funds are excluded.
¹¹The sum of operating and nonoperating expenses not classified as salaries and wages, benefits, operation and maintenance of plant, interest, or depreciation. Prior to fiscal year 2016, this value included operation and maintenance of plant expenses.
¹²Includes other categories not separately shown.
¹³Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a fiscal-year basis.
NOTE: Data in this table represent the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data are for degree-granting institutions and U.S. service academies. Degree-granting institutions grant associate's or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Includes data for public institutions reporting data according to either the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) or the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) guidance. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall Enrollment component, Spring 2011 through Spring 2022 (final data); and Finance component, Spring 2012 through Spring 2022 (final data) and Spring 2023 (provisional data). (This table was prepared January 2024.)

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