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| 2023 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level of study, control and level of institution |
Cumulative borrowing for undergraduate and graduate education1 | Aid status (percent of students) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percent who borrowed | Average amount for those who borrowed | Nonaided | Source of aid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current dollars | Constant 2022-23 dollars2 | Any aid3 | Federal4 | State | Institu- tional |
Employer | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1992-93, all institutions | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 63.2 | (0.81) | 36.8 | (0.81) | 10.8 | (0.53) | 1.9 | (0.14) | 12.7 | (0.53) | 16.7 | (0.71) | |||||||||
| Master's degree | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 62.5 | (0.85) | 37.5 | (0.85) | 10.5 | (0.61) | 1.6 | (0.18) | 11.1 | (0.70) | 18.7 | (0.91) | |||||||||
| Public | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 66.4 | (1.00) | 33.6 | (1.00) | 10.1 | (0.57) | 2.5 | (0.30) | 11.7 | (0.77) | 14.6 | (0.83) | |||||||||
| 4-year doctoral | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 62.2 | (1.25) | 37.8 | (1.25) | 11.9 | (0.81) | 2.5 | (0.48) | 15.3 | (1.11) | 14.6 | (1.06) | |||||||||
| Other 4-year | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 73.7 | (1.39) | 26.3 | (1.39) | 6.9 | (0.76) | 2.4 | (0.55) | 5.5 | (1.11) | 14.4 | (1.09) | |||||||||
| Private | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 57.0 | (1.56) | 43.0 | (1.56) | 11.1 | (1.06) | 0.4 | ! | (0.12) | 10.3 | (1.04) | 24.5 | (1.46) | ||||||||
| 4-year doctoral | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 55.2 | (1.91) | 44.8 | (1.91) | 12.1 | (1.15) | ‡ | (†) | 12.1 | (1.57) | 25.1 | (1.72) | |||||||||
| Other 4-year | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 60.4 | (2.84) | 39.6 | (2.84) | 9.1 | (1.73) | 0.6 | ! | (0.28) | 6.9 | (1.33) | 23.3 | (2.36) | ||||||||
Doctor's degree |
--- |
(†) |
--- |
(†) |
--- |
(†) |
51.7 |
(2.56) |
48.3 |
(2.56) |
8.7 |
(1.18) |
3.5 |
(0.79) |
32.9 |
(2.46) |
12.0 |
(1.49) |
|||||||||
| Public | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 51.6 | (3.09) | 48.4 | (3.09) | 8.5 | (1.38) | 4.4 | (1.25) | 33.0 | (3.05) | 12.9 | (1.89) | |||||||||
| Private | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 51.8 | (5.53) | 48.2 | (5.53) | 8.9 | (2.49) | 1.6 | ! | (0.68) | 32.6 | (4.51) | 10.2 | (2.47) | ||||||||
|
First-professional |
--- |
(†) |
--- |
(†) |
--- |
(†) |
41.4 |
(3.04) |
58.6 |
(3.04) |
44.9 |
(3.13) |
3.3 |
(0.71) |
25.7 |
(2.07) |
6.1 |
(1.34) |
|||||||||
| Public | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 48.3 | (4.43) | 51.7 | (4.43) | 42.8 | (3.96) | 3.6 | ! | (1.11) | 22.2 | (3.35) | 5.0 | ! | (1.61) | |||||||
| Private | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 37.4 | (3.43) | 62.6 | (3.43) | 46.1 | (3.92) | 3.2 | (0.91) | 27.8 | (2.44) | 6.7 | (1.81) | |||||||||
Other graduate |
--- |
(†) |
--- |
(†) |
--- |
(†) |
73.0 |
(1.42) |
27.0 |
(1.42) |
7.6 |
(0.76) |
1.7 |
(0.42) |
8.4 |
(0.85) |
13.4 |
(1.00) |
|||||||||
|
1999-2000, all institutions |
55.7 |
(0.78) |
$22,060 |
(408) |
$39,050 |
(723) |
51.3 |
(0.72) |
48.7 |
(0.72) |
19.2 |
(0.50) |
1.7 |
(0.21) |
16.0 |
(0.51) |
20.2 |
(0.66) |
|||||||||
| Master's degree | 56.9 | (0.90) | 20,800 | (400) | 36,820 | (707) | 48.8 | (0.83) | 51.2 | (0.83) | 20.6 | (0.66) | 1.4 | (0.26) | 14.1 | (0.59) | 23.2 | (0.81) | |||||||||
| Public | 55.9 | (1.22) | 18,030 | (499) | 31,910 | (884) | 53.0 | (1.19) | 47.0 | (1.19) | 16.9 | (0.82) | 2.0 | (0.38) | 15.3 | (0.95) | 20.7 | (1.32) | |||||||||
| 4-year doctoral | 56.3 | (1.53) | 18,640 | (686) | 33,000 | (1,215) | 49.6 | (1.56) | 50.4 | (1.56) | 18.2 | (1.21) | 2.1 | (0.51) | 18.1 | (1.22) | 21.4 | (1.62) | |||||||||
| Other 4-year | 54.5 | (2.19) | 16,320 | (649) | 28,890 | (1,148) | 60.8 | (1.96) | 39.2 | (1.96) | 14.2 | (1.45) | 2.0 | (0.50) | 9.5 | (1.52) | 18.5 | (2.28) | |||||||||
| Private | 58.2 | (1.24) | 24,180 | (666) | 42,800 | (1,179) | 43.5 | (1.26) | 56.5 | (1.26) | 25.2 | (1.05) | 0.6 | ! | (0.23) | 12.6 | (0.94) | 26.5 | (1.15) | ||||||||
| 4-year doctoral | 57.6 | (1.62) | 25,620 | (918) | 45,340 | (1,625) | 42.3 | (1.43) | 57.7 | (1.43) | 25.2 | (1.38) | 0.9 | ! | (0.34) | 14.8 | (1.12) | 25.5 | (1.23) | ||||||||
| Other5 | 59.4 | (2.15) | 21,610 | (1,068) | 38,250 | (1,891) | 45.9 | (2.26) | 54.1 | (2.26) | 25.3 | (1.96) | ‡ | (†) | 8.4 | (1.63) | 28.3 | (2.23) | |||||||||
Doctor's degree |
53.1 |
(1.73) |
28,140 |
(1,966) |
49,820 |
(3,481) |
45.5 |
(1.81) |
54.5 |
(1.81) |
15.0 |
(1.41) |
0.9 |
(0.17) |
37.3 |
(1.66) |
14.0 |
(1.35) |
|||||||||
| Public | 48.6 | (1.86) | 25,050 | (1,478) | 44,350 | (2,616) | 46.7 | (2.34) | 53.3 | (2.34) | 13.1 | (1.17) | 1.4 | (0.25) | 40.5 | (2.04) | 12.1 | (1.46) | |||||||||
| Private | 62.5 | (3.81) | 33,250 | (4,031) | 58,870 | (7,135) | 42.9 | (2.95) | 57.1 | (2.95) | 19.3 | (3.46) | # | (†) | 30.6 | (2.65) | 18.1 | (3.16) | |||||||||
|
First-professional |
77.2 |
(4.07) |
47,480 |
(3,827) |
84,040 |
(6,774) |
24.4 |
(3.17) |
75.6 |
(3.17) |
55.4 |
(4.94) |
5.0 |
! |
(1.80) |
28.0 |
(2.97) |
11.0 |
(2.09) |
||||||||
| Public | 78.6 | (6.98) | 40,590 | (3,682) | 71,860 | (6,517) | 27.3 | (6.84) | 72.7 | (6.84) | 54.4 | (8.28) | 4.8 | ! | (2.30) | 21.7 | (6.36) | 8.0 | ! | (3.85) | |||||||
| Private | 76.7 | (4.80) | 50,550 | (5,236) | 89,490 | (9,269) | 23.2 | (3.14) | 76.8 | (3.14) | 55.9 | (6.37) | 5.0 | ! | (2.46) | 30.7 | (2.91) | 12.3 | (2.85) | ||||||||
Other graduate |
48.7 |
(2.02) |
15,810 |
(711) |
27,980 |
(1,259) |
67.0 |
(1.77) |
33.0 |
(1.77) |
9.8 |
(1.25) |
2.2 |
(0.47) |
10.2 |
(1.07) |
15.3 |
(1.31) |
|||||||||
|
2007-08, all institutions |
66.9 |
(0.76) |
$36,280 |
(840) |
$51,360 |
(1,189) |
33.2 |
(0.85) |
66.8 |
(0.85) |
32.0 |
(0.71) |
1.9 |
(0.50) |
18.7 |
(0.65) |
27.2 |
(0.93) |
|||||||||
| Master's degree | 67.3 | (1.08) | 34,110 | (906) | 48,280 | (1,282) | 31.0 | (1.10) | 69.0 | (1.10) | 34.4 | (0.98) | 2.0 | ! | (0.68) | 15.9 | (0.71) | 29.8 | (1.22) | ||||||||
| Public | 65.2 | (1.30) | 30,880 | (702) | 43,710 | (993) | 34.3 | (1.39) | 65.7 | (1.39) | 29.7 | (0.94) | 1.7 | (0.37) | 18.0 | (0.92) | 27.8 | (1.43) | |||||||||
| 4-year doctoral | 65.4 | (1.38) | 31,440 | (816) | 44,500 | (1,155) | 32.3 | (1.60) | 67.7 | (1.60) | 29.7 | (1.17) | 1.8 | (0.47) | 20.3 | (1.15) | 29.4 | (1.71) | |||||||||
| Other 4-year | 64.7 | (3.08) | 29,080 | (1,639) | 41,160 | (2,320) | 40.6 | (2.99) | 59.4 | (2.99) | 29.7 | (2.67) | 1.2 | ! | (0.48) | 10.4 | (1.40) | 22.7 | (2.56) | ||||||||
| Private | 69.5 | (1.57) | 37,180 | (1,517) | 52,630 | (2,148) | 27.7 | (1.59) | 72.3 | (1.59) | 39.1 | (1.49) | ‡ | (†) | 13.8 | (1.12) | 31.7 | (1.85) | |||||||||
| 4-year doctoral | 66.6 | (1.37) | 37,230 | (909) | 52,710 | (1,287) | 29.0 | (1.52) | 71.0 | (1.52) | 34.1 | (1.53) | 1.5 | (0.40) | 15.9 | (1.27) | 32.9 | (1.20) | |||||||||
| Other5 | 74.1 | (3.29) | 37,090 | (3,292) | 52,510 | (4,660) | 25.6 | (3.25) | 74.4 | (3.25) | 47.2 | (2.91) | ‡ | (†) | 10.4 | (1.68) | 29.9 | (4.50) | |||||||||
Doctor's degree |
64.8 |
(3.47) |
52,080 |
(5,396) |
73,730 |
(7,639) |
20.1 |
(1.92) |
79.9 |
(1.92) |
32.0 |
(4.96) |
1.5 |
(0.33) |
48.4 |
(3.16) |
19.2 |
(1.73) |
|||||||||
| Public | 54.8 | (1.94) | 36,790 | (1,355) | 52,090 | (1,918) | 23.2 | (1.57) | 76.8 | (1.57) | 18.0 | (1.21) | 2.2 | (0.42) | 60.2 | (1.77) | 19.6 | (1.43) | |||||||||
| Private | 77.9 | (5.58) | 66,360 | (9,120) | 93,950 | (12,911) | 16.0 | (3.95) | 84.0 | (3.95) | 50.5 | (9.18) | ‡ | (†) | 32.7 | (5.18) | 18.6 | (4.11) | |||||||||
|
First-professional |
82.7 |
(2.34) |
64,520 |
(3,850) |
91,340 |
(5,450) |
14.4 |
(2.54) |
85.6 |
(2.54) |
64.0 |
(4.52) |
3.0 |
! |
(1.36) |
31.7 |
(3.39) |
16.5 |
(2.21) |
||||||||
| Public | 78.2 | (4.97) | 63,520 | (5,656) | 89,920 | (8,006) | 11.7 | ! | (4.96) | 88.3 | (4.96) | 65.4 | (7.23) | 6.3 | ! | (2.74) | 32.9 | (5.87) | 16.3 | (3.79) | |||||||
| Private | 85.1 | (2.51) | 65,010 | (5,405) | 92,030 | (7,651) | 15.9 | (3.09) | 84.1 | (3.09) | 63.3 | (6.18) | ‡ | (†) | 31.1 | (4.56) | 16.7 | (2.86) | |||||||||
Other graduate |
64.0 |
(2.69) |
28,950 |
(1,970) |
40,980 |
(2,789) |
56.1 |
(3.07) |
43.9 |
(3.07) |
16.1 |
(1.59) |
1.2 |
(0.32) |
7.5 |
(1.09) |
23.4 |
(2.79) |
|||||||||
|
2011-12, all institutions |
63.6 |
(0.90) |
$49,410 |
(968) |
$65,070 |
(1,275) |
39.1 |
(0.99) |
60.9 |
(0.99) |
35.8 |
(0.66) |
1.0 |
(0.14) |
18.0 |
(0.76) |
17.0 |
(0.88) |
|||||||||
| Master's degree | 65.1 | (1.13) | 45,860 | (1,055) | 60,400 | (1,389) | 37.5 | (1.29) | 62.5 | (1.29) | 39.4 | (0.88) | 0.9 | (0.18) | 16.1 | (0.89) | 17.3 | (1.13) | |||||||||
| Public | 61.5 | (1.63) | 40,340 | (1,364) | 53,120 | (1,797) | 42.9 | (1.51) | 57.1 | (1.51) | 34.3 | (1.28) | 1.6 | (0.33) | 17.0 | (1.17) | 14.7 | (1.02) | |||||||||
| 4-year doctoral | 60.2 | (1.87) | 40,870 | (1,584) | 53,820 | (2,087) | 41.5 | (1.74) | 58.5 | (1.74) | 34.1 | (1.47) | 1.8 | (0.39) | 18.6 | (1.38) | 15.6 | (1.15) | |||||||||
| Other 4-year | 68.2 | (2.74) | 38,070 | (2,079) | 50,130 | (2,737) | 49.8 | (2.32) | 50.2 | (2.32) | 35.4 | (2.04) | ‡ | (†) | 9.0 | (1.31) | 10.3 | (1.66) | |||||||||
| Private | 68.3 | (1.73) | 50,210 | (1,536) | 66,130 | (2,023) | 32.7 | (1.94) | 67.3 | (1.94) | 43.9 | (1.31) | ‡ | (†) | 15.3 | (1.31) | 19.5 | (1.91) | |||||||||
| 4-year doctoral | 63.6 | (2.49) | 49,510 | (1,979) | 65,200 | (2,606) | 34.3 | (2.07) | 65.7 | (2.07) | 37.9 | (1.65) | ‡ | (†) | 15.9 | (1.77) | 21.2 | (2.02) | |||||||||
| Other 4-year | 74.4 | (1.75) | 51,000 | (2,306) | 67,160 | (3,037) | 30.6 | (3.63) | 69.4 | (3.63) | 51.7 | (2.22) | ‡ | (†) | 14.4 | (2.05) | 17.3 | (3.39) | |||||||||
|
Doctor's degree--research/ scholarship |
57.7 |
(1.52) |
66,220 |
(2,390) |
87,210 |
(3,148) |
29.1 |
(1.67) |
70.9 |
(1.67) |
25.6 |
(1.54) |
1.2 |
(0.21) |
43.4 |
(2.01) |
20.9 |
(1.35) |
|||||||||
| Public | 50.2 | (1.96) | 51,810 | (2,294) | 68,230 | (3,021) | 30.1 | (2.12) | 69.9 | (2.12) | 16.6 | (1.62) | 1.3 | (0.25) | 51.6 | (2.40) | 23.6 | (1.77) | |||||||||
| Private | 72.8 | (1.72) | 86,290 | (3,951) | 113,630 | (5,203) | 26.9 | (2.56) | 73.1 | (2.56) | 43.7 | (2.76) | 0.8 | ! | (0.38) | 26.9 | (2.44) | 15.5 | (1.78) | ||||||||
|
Doctor's degree--professional practice and other6 |
69.4 |
(3.45) |
100,780 |
(4,860) |
132,720 |
(6,401) |
31.5 |
(3.09) |
68.5 |
(3.09) |
48.7 |
(3.68) |
2.0 |
(0.59) |
19.3 |
(2.20) |
12.1 |
(1.83) |
|||||||||
| Public | 61.6 | (4.88) | 79,230 | (5,498) | 104,340 | (7,241) | 41.7 | (4.51) | 58.3 | (4.51) | 38.1 | (4.14) | 3.6 | ! | (1.32) | 23.3 | (3.59) | 12.6 | (2.94) | ||||||||
| Private | 74.7 | (4.23) | 112,960 | (6,242) | 148,750 | (8,220) | 24.5 | (3.48) | 75.5 | (3.48) | 56.0 | (5.04) | ‡ | (†) | 16.6 | (2.60) | 11.8 | (2.64) | |||||||||
Other graduate |
56.0 |
(2.72) |
39,690 |
(2,498) |
52,260 |
(3,289) |
59.4 |
(2.66) |
40.6 |
(2.66) |
16.5 |
(1.63) |
1.1 |
! |
(0.33) |
11.5 |
(2.13) |
14.6 |
(1.91) |
||||||||
|
2015-16, all institutions |
71.6 |
(0.81) |
$53,320 |
(888) |
$67,060 |
(1,117) |
34.9 |
(0.74) |
65.1 |
(0.74) |
37.5 |
(0.60) |
1.8 |
(0.29) |
20.8 |
(0.81) |
17.5 |
(0.62) |
|||||||||
| Master's degree | 72.6 | (0.89) | 48,710 | (914) | 61,260 | (1,149) | 33.8 | (0.87) | 66.2 | (0.87) | 39.8 | (0.78) | 1.8 | (0.28) | 19.8 | (0.85) | 17.9 | (0.71) | |||||||||
| Public | 68.3 | (1.34) | 42,760 | (1,209) | 53,780 | (1,521) | 38.9 | (1.50) | 61.1 | (1.50) | 32.9 | (1.08) | 3.3 | (0.56) | 18.5 | (1.32) | 17.9 | (1.17) | |||||||||
| 4-year doctoral | 67.2 | (1.51) | 43,740 | (1,364) | 55,020 | (1,715) | 38.2 | (1.67) | 61.8 | (1.67) | 33.0 | (1.19) | 3.6 | (0.65) | 19.1 | (1.50) | 18.0 | (1.33) | |||||||||
| Other 4-year | 76.2 | (2.11) | 37,000 | (1,783) | 46,530 | (2,243) | 43.5 | (2.80) | 56.5 | (2.80) | 32.0 | (1.42) | 1.8 | (0.46) | 14.1 | (2.10) | 17.8 | (2.13) | |||||||||
| Private | 76.3 | (1.16) | 53,310 | (1,255) | 67,050 | (1,579) | 29.4 | (1.10) | 70.6 | (1.10) | 45.7 | (1.02) | 0.4 | ! | (0.15) | 20.9 | (1.31) | 17.9 | (0.83) | ||||||||
| 4-year doctoral | 75.6 | (1.50) | 52,170 | (1,606) | 65,620 | (2,020) | 29.9 | (1.58) | 70.1 | (1.58) | 42.2 | (1.51) | 0.5 | ! | (0.24) | 19.8 | (1.50) | 18.7 | (1.18) | ||||||||
| Other 4-year | 77.5 | (1.62) | 55,250 | (1,911) | 69,490 | (2,404) | 28.4 | (1.29) | 71.6 | (1.29) | 51.9 | (1.15) | 0.3 | ! | (0.10) | 22.8 | (2.06) | 16.6 | (1.11) | ||||||||
|
Doctor's degree--research/ scholarship |
65.7 |
(2.33) |
85,630 |
(3,410) |
107,700 |
(4,289) |
27.2 |
(1.86) |
72.8 |
(1.86) |
33.1 |
(2.38) |
2.6 |
! |
(1.15) |
39.4 |
(2.28) |
14.2 |
(1.78) |
||||||||
| Public | 52.2 | (3.64) | 72,380 | (4,381) | 91,030 | (5,510) | 27.1 | (2.72) | 72.9 | (2.72) | 18.5 | (2.50) | 3.4 | ! | (1.68) | 51.6 | (3.15) | 14.0 | (2.53) | ||||||||
| Private | 80.1 | (2.15) | 94,790 | (4,897) | 119,220 | (6,159) | 27.3 | (2.39) | 72.7 | (2.39) | 48.6 | (3.54) | ‡ | (†) | 26.4 | (2.79) | 14.4 | (2.33) | |||||||||
|
Doctor's degree--professional practice and other6 |
77.5 |
(4.08) |
95,100 |
(6,118) |
119,610 |
(7,695) |
24.6 |
(3.09) |
75.4 |
(3.09) |
55.7 |
(4.08) |
‡ |
(†) |
33.3 |
(3.06) |
11.9 |
(2.43) |
|||||||||
| Public | 78.5 | (4.33) | 87,810 | (5,902) | 110,440 | (7,424) | 23.1 | (4.27) | 76.9 | (4.27) | 59.4 | (4.34) | ‡ | (†) | 36.0 | (4.69) | 10.9 | (2.66) | |||||||||
| Private | 77.0 | (6.12) | 99,640 | (9,127) | 125,320 | (11,479) | 25.5 | (4.58) | 74.5 | (4.58) | 53.5 | (5.93) | ‡ | (†) | 31.7 | (4.52) | 12.6 | (3.66) | |||||||||
Other graduate |
66.9 |
(2.47) |
43,080 |
(2,438) |
54,180 |
(3,066) |
52.3 |
(3.23) |
47.7 |
(3.23) |
17.9 |
(1.92) |
0.7 |
! |
(0.30) |
9.1 |
(1.68) |
19.0 |
(2.70) |
||||||||
|
2019-20, all institutions |
72.5 |
(0.82) |
$55,080 |
(1,189) |
$64,170 |
(1,386) |
35.4 |
(1.15) |
64.6 |
(1.15) |
35.1 |
(0.90) |
1.9 |
(0.25) |
24.2 |
(1.19) |
18.6 |
(0.91) |
|||||||||
| Master's degree | 73.8 | (1.16) | 50,200 | (1,209) | 58,490 | (1,408) | 33.9 | (1.26) | 66.1 | (1.26) | 39.2 | (1.31) | 2.1 | (0.34) | 22.3 | (1.36) | 20.2 | (1.08) | |||||||||
| Public | 72.3 | (1.51) | 40,470 | (1,776) | 47,150 | (2,070) | 38.6 | (2.02) | 61.4 | (2.02) | 34.6 | (1.75) | 3.7 | (0.72) | 18.2 | (1.37) | 19.6 | (1.46) | |||||||||
| 4-year doctoral | 72.1 | (1.75) | 40,410 | (2,062) | 47,080 | (2,402) | 37.6 | (2.34) | 62.4 | (2.34) | 34.5 | (2.04) | 3.8 | (0.82) | 19.3 | (1.55) | 20.3 | (1.66) | |||||||||
| Other 4-year | 73.4 | (2.18) | 40,880 | (1,710) | 47,620 | (1,992) | 45.0 | (2.36) | 55.0 | (2.36) | 34.8 | (2.24) | 3.0 | (0.85) | 11.7 | (1.74) | 15.9 | (1.57) | |||||||||
| Private | 74.8 | (1.66) | 56,430 | (1,700) | 65,740 | (1,981) | 30.7 | (1.66) | 69.3 | (1.66) | 42.3 | (1.66) | 1.0 | (0.30) | 25.0 | (2.10) | 20.5 | (1.52) | |||||||||
| 4-year doctoral | 71.8 | (2.30) | 60,240 | (2,466) | 70,180 | (2,873) | 31.9 | (2.11) | 68.1 | (2.11) | 39.6 | (1.98) | 1.4 | ! | (0.46) | 22.2 | (2.11) | 21.9 | (2.02) | ||||||||
| Other 4-year | 80.3 | (1.84) | 50,200 | (2,702) | 58,490 | (3,148) | 28.4 | (2.60) | 71.6 | (2.60) | 47.1 | (2.98) | 0.3 | ! | (0.13) | 30.1 | (5.06) | 18.1 | (2.26) | ||||||||
|
Doctor's degree--research/ scholarship |
61.3 |
(2.59) |
69,280 |
(3,698) |
80,710 |
(4,308) |
33.0 |
(2.54) |
67.0 |
(2.54) |
23.2 |
(2.31) |
1.4 |
! |
(0.52) |
42.0 |
(2.27) |
12.6 |
(1.31) |
||||||||
| Public | 56.9 | (3.04) | 59,060 | (3,480) | 68,810 | (4,055) | 28.0 | (2.87) | 72.0 | (2.87) | 17.9 | (2.53) | 2.5 | ! | (0.92) | 51.9 | (2.81) | 16.6 | (2.13) | ||||||||
| Private | 67.3 | (3.84) | 81,000 | (6,602) | 94,370 | (7,692) | 39.9 | (4.18) | 60.1 | (4.18) | 30.4 | (3.87) | ‡ | (†) | 28.6 | (3.37) | 7.2 | (1.38) | |||||||||
|
Doctor's degree--professional practice and other6 |
79.7 |
(2.39) |
92,460 |
(6,884) |
107,720 |
(8,021) |
32.8 |
(4.21) |
67.2 |
(4.21) |
48.5 |
(4.28) |
0.8 |
! |
(0.34) |
22.1 |
(3.36) |
11.0 |
(2.57) |
||||||||
| Public | 70.8 | (3.57) | 72,360 | (5,403) | 84,300 | (6,295) | 36.1 | (5.21) | 63.9 | (5.21) | 45.4 | (4.68) | 0.9 | ! | (0.44) | 25.1 | (3.08) | 10.1 | (2.31) | ||||||||
| Private | 88.4 | (2.22) | 108,350 | (9,936) | 126,240 | (11,576) | 29.6 | (7.37) | 70.4 | (7.37) | 51.6 | (7.91) | ‡ | (†) | 19.2 | ! | (5.85) | 11.9 | ! | (4.52) | |||||||
Other graduate |
75.0 |
(2.42) |
46,920 |
(2,696) |
54,670 |
(3,141) |
48.1 |
(3.11) |
51.9 |
(3.11) |
19.6 |
(2.27) |
1.8 |
! |
(0.59) |
14.2 |
(2.02) |
21.0 |
(2.60) |
||||||||
| ---Not available. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| #Rounds to zero. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| !Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡Reporting standards not met. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is 50 percent or greater. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1Includes all loans ever taken out for both graduate and undergraduate education. Does not include Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students (PLUS) or loans from families and friends. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3Includes students who reported they were awarded aid but did not specify the source of aid. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4Includes Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense benefits. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5Includes nonprofit 4-year nondoctoral institutions and for-profit 2-year-and-above institutions. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6Professional practice doctor's degrees include most degrees that were classified as first-professional prior to 2010-11 (such as M.D., D.D.S., and J.D). "Other" doctor's degrees are those that are neither research/scholarship degrees nor professional practice degrees. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Part-time or part-year students are those who were enrolled part time for 9 or more months and those who were enrolled for less than 9 months either part time or full time. Excludes students whose attendance status was not reported. Total includes some students whose level of study or control of institution was unknown. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and because some students receive multiple types of aid and aid from different sources. Data exclude students attending institutions in Puerto Rico. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1992-93, 1999-2000, 2007-08, 2011-12, 2015-16, and 2019-20 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS:93, NPSAS:2000, NPSAS:08, NPSAS:12, NPSAS:16, and NPSAS:20). (This table was prepared January 2024.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
