Total and current expenditures per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by function and subfunction: Selected school years, 1990-91 through 2020-21

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Table 236.60.Total and current expenditures per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by function and subfunction: Selected school years, 1990-91 through 2020-21
Function and subfunction	Expenditures per pupil in unadjusted dollars¹										Expenditures per pupil in constant 2022-23 dollars²
Function and subfunction	1990-91		2000-01	2009-10	2010-11	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20^3,4	2020-21^3,4	1990-91		2000-01	2009-10	2010-11	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20^3,4	2020-21^3,4
1	2		3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11		12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19
Total expenditures⁵	$5,484		$8,572	$12,133	$12,054	$13,834	$14,359	$15,036	$15,524	$16,345	$12,272		$14,671	$16,777	$16,340	$17,085	$17,342	$17,791	$18,086	$18,614
Current expenditures for public schools	4,902		7,380	10,636	10,663	12,260	12,649	13,189	13,496	14,295	10,970		12,631	14,707	14,453	15,142	15,277	15,606	15,723	16,280

Salaries	3,220	⁶	4,752	6,366	6,300	6,927	7,048	7,294	7,548	7,908	7,207	⁶	8,133	8,802	8,539	8,555	8,512	8,631	8,794	9,006
Employee benefits	824	⁶	1,228	2,199	2,260	2,879	3,017	3,191	3,287	3,448	1,844	⁶	2,102	3,040	3,063	3,556	3,644	3,776	3,830	3,927
Purchased services	397	⁶	673	1,053	1,082	1,326	1,414	1,489	1,484	1,565	889	⁶	1,152	1,457	1,466	1,638	1,708	1,762	1,729	1,782
Tuition	29	⁶	52	96	101	121	170	178	178	182	65	⁶	89	133	137	150	206	211	207	207
Supplies	359	⁶	599	818	817	886	896	925	884	1,073	804	⁶	1,025	1,131	1,108	1,095	1,082	1,094	1,030	1,222
Other	72	⁶	76	104	103	120	103	111	114	119	161	⁶	130	144	140	148	125	132	133	136

Instruction	2,965		4,541	6,511	6,522	7,445	7,671	7,970	8,163	8,680	6,636		7,772	9,003	8,841	9,195	9,265	9,430	9,511	9,885
Salaries	2,202		3,273	4,347	4,307	4,687	4,752	4,900	5,053	5,300	4,927		5,603	6,010	5,838	5,789	5,739	5,798	5,886	6,036
Employee benefits	542		837	1,481	1,522	1,947	2,034	2,149	2,204	2,309	1,213		1,433	2,047	2,063	2,405	2,457	2,543	2,568	2,630
Purchased services	66		136	281	297	366	388	404	402	435	148		233	388	403	452	469	478	468	496
Tuition	29		52	96	101	121	170	178	178	182	65		89	133	137	150	206	211	207	207
Supplies	111		220	277	266	295	297	308	302	426	249		376	384	360	364	359	365	352	485
Textbooks	---		---	52	47	52	55	49	51	55	---		---	71	64	64	66	58	59	63
Other	15		22	29	30	28	29	30	26	27	34		37	40	40	35	35	35	30	31

Student support⁷	217		366	591	594	712	751	809	851	927	485		627	817	805	880	907	957	991	1,055
Salaries	159		262	393	392	447	466	498	528	569	356		448	544	531	552	562	589	615	648
Employee benefits	40		64	128	132	181	195	212	226	245	90		110	178	179	223	235	251	263	279
Purchased services	11		28	50	52	67	73	80	78	85	25		48	70	71	83	88	94	91	96
Supplies	5		9	11	11	13	13	14	15	24	10		15	15	14	16	16	17	17	28
Other	1		3	7	7	4	5	5	5	4	3		6	10	10	5	6	6	5	4

Instructional staff support⁸	205		337	509	503	578	604	637	681	727	460		578	704	682	713	730	753	793	828
Salaries	135		207	301	293	331	336	350	375	394	302		355	416	397	409	406	414	437	449
Employee benefits	34		50	98	100	126	132	142	150	158	76		85	136	135	155	160	168	174	180
Purchased services	15		42	69	70	79	93	99	107	106	34		73	95	94	97	112	117	125	121
Supplies	19		33	37	37	38	38	41	43	62	42		57	52	50	47	46	49	50	71
Other	2		4	5	4	4	5	5	6	6	5		8	6	6	5	6	6	7	7

General administration	141		151	211	212	242	234	247	263	279	314		258	292	288	299	283	292	306	317
Salaries	63		71	90	89	100	99	105	108	113	141		122	125	121	124	120	124	126	128
Employee benefits	19		21	37	38	44	45	47	49	51	42		36	50	51	55	54	55	57	58
Purchased services	36		44	64	65	76	69	74	83	89	80		76	88	89	94	84	87	97	102
Supplies	4		4	5	5	5	6	6	7	8	9		7	7	6	7	7	7	8	9
Other	18		10	16	16	16	15	16	16	18	41		16	22	21	20	18	18	18	20

School administration	284		415	579	580	685	721	750	771	818	635		710	800	786	845	871	887	898	932
Salaries	217		314	413	408	466	486	503	518	549	485		537	570	553	575	586	595	603	625
Employee benefits	55		78	136	141	183	198	211	216	227	123		134	188	191	226	240	249	252	259
Purchased services	6		13	19	19	23	24	23	24	27	13		22	26	26	28	29	27	28	31
Supplies	5		8	9	9	10	10	10	9	11	10		13	12	12	12	12	12	11	13
Other	2		2	3	3	4	4	4	4	4	3		3	4	4	4	4	4	4	5

Operation and maintenance	517		721	1,014	1,015	1,140	1,174	1,216	1,224	1,331	1,156		1,234	1,402	1,376	1,408	1,418	1,439	1,426	1,515
Salaries	215		285	364	356	382	376	388	399	418	480		488	503	483	472	454	459	465	476
Employee benefits	64		80	143	146	174	174	181	186	198	143		137	197	197	215	210	214	217	225
Purchased services	139		204	265	270	337	369	386	386	415	311		350	367	366	417	446	457	449	473
Supplies	91		146	233	235	239	247	253	243	286	204		249	322	319	295	299	299	283	326
Other	8		6	9	9	8	8	9	10	14	18		10	13	12	10	10	10	12	15

Student transportation	211		298	442	452	502	524	553	518	501	471		510	612	613	620	633	654	604	570
Salaries	80		115	155	152	169	173	180	180	174	178		196	214	206	208	209	213	210	198
Employee benefits	22		34	62	63	75	80	83	83	83	48		58	85	86	93	97	98	97	94
Purchased services	81		122	182	185	214	222	238	214	205	182		209	252	251	264	269	281	249	234
Supplies	23		25	40	48	39	43	47	36	34	52		42	55	65	48	52	55	42	38
Other	5		3	4	4	5	5	6	5	5	11		5	5	5	6	6	7	6	6

Other support services⁹	136		242	348	349	455	463	490	526	580	303		415	482	473	562	560	580	612	660
Salaries	70		117	165	165	196	205	212	222	239	157		200	229	223	242	248	251	259	272
Employee benefits	24		34	64	67	85	93	98	102	110	53		58	88	90	105	112	116	119	125
Purchased services	19		59	79	78	108	116	124	132	147	43		101	110	106	133	141	146	153	168
Supplies	7		13	17	18	26	26	29	33	50	16		23	24	24	33	32	34	39	57
Other	15		19	23	21	40	22	27	36	33	33		33	31	29	49	27	32	42	38

Food services	205		293	405	412	477	481	494	477	435	458		501	560	559	589	581	584	555	495
Salaries	---		105	131	131	143	148	152	157	146	---		180	182	178	176	179	180	182	166
Employee benefits	---		29	49	50	60	64	66	68	65	---		50	68	68	75	77	78	79	74
Purchased services	---		20	39	42	53	55	58	56	51	---		33	54	56	65	66	69	65	58
Supplies	---		136	181	184	215	209	212	191	166	---		233	251	250	265	252	250	223	189
Other	---		3	5	5	6	6	6	5	7	---		5	7	7	8	7	7	6	8

Enterprise operations¹⁰	23		16	25	22	25	25	24	22	19	51		28	35	30	30	30	28	26	22
Salaries	---		3	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	---		5	9	9	9	9	9	8	7
Employee benefits	---		1	2	2	3	3	3	3	3	---		1	3	3	3	3	3	4	3
Purchased services	---		4	5	3	4	4	4	4	3	---		7	7	5	5	5	4	4	4
Supplies	---		5	7	6	7	6	6	5	5	---		9	10	8	8	8	7	6	6
Other	---		4	4	4	4	4	4	3	2	---		7	6	6	5	5	5	3	2

Capital outlay¹¹	477		976	1,148	1,029	1,210	1,326	1,443	1,604	1,609	1,067		1,671	1,587	1,395	1,495	1,602	1,707	1,869	1,833

Interest on school debt	105		215	349	363	363	384	404	424	440	235		369	483	492	448	464	478	494	501
---Not available.
¹Unadjusted (or "current") dollars have not been adjusted to compensate for inflation.
²Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.
³Includes expenditures paid from funds authorized by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act of 2020, the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations (CRRSA) Act of 2021, and the American Rescue Plan (ARP) of 2021.
⁴Excludes prekindergarten expenditures and prekindergarten enrollment for California.
⁵Excludes "Other current expenditures," such as community services, private school programs, adult education, and other programs not allocable to expenditures per pupil in public schools.
⁶Includes estimated data for subfunctions of food services and enterprise operations.
⁷Includes expenditures for guidance, health, attendance, and speech pathology services.
⁸Includes expenditures for curriculum development, staff training, libraries, and media and computer centers.
⁹Includes business support services concerned with paying, transporting, exchanging, and maintaining goods and services for local education agencies; central support services, including planning, research, evaluation, information, staff, and data processing services; and other support services.
¹⁰Includes expenditures for operations funded by sales of products or services (e.g., school bookstore or computer time).
¹¹Includes expenditures for property and for buildings and alterations completed by school district staff or contractors.
NOTE: Data in this table represent the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "National Public Education Financial Survey," 1990-91 through 2020-21. (This table was prepared August 2023.)

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