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| 2023 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| School safety and security measures | 1999-2000 | 2003-04 | 2005-06 | 2007-08 | 2009-10 | 2013-141 | 2015-16 | 2017-18 | 2019-202 | 2021-22 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Controlled access during school hours | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Buildings (e.g., locked or monitored doors, loading docks)3 | 74.6 | (1.35) | 83.0 | (1.04) | 84.9 | (0.89) | 89.5 | (0.80) | 91.7 | (0.80) | 93.3 | (0.95) | 94.1 | (0.64) | 95.4 | (0.52) | 97.1 | (0.43) | 97.1 | (0.44) | ||||||||||
| Grounds (e.g., locked or monitored gates) | 33.7 | (1.26) | 36.2 | (1.08) | 41.1 | (1.25) | 42.6 | (1.41) | 46.0 | (1.26) | 42.7 | (1.53) | 49.9 | (1.53) | 50.8 | (1.38) | 58.9 | (1.42) | 61.1 | (1.27) | ||||||||||
| Visitors required to sign or check in and wear badges4 | 96.6 | (0.54) | 98.3 | (0.40) | 97.6 | (0.42) | 98.7 | (0.37) | 99.3 | (0.27) | 98.6 | (0.49) | 93.5 | (0.69) | 94.6 | (0.65) | 98.1 | (0.33) | 97.1 | (0.52) | ||||||||||
|
Classrooms equipped with locks so that doors can be locked from inside |
--- |
(†) |
--- |
(†) |
--- |
(†) |
--- |
(†) |
--- |
(†) |
--- |
(†) |
66.7 |
(1.34) |
64.8 |
(1.01) |
73.1 |
(1.28) |
76.1 |
(1.13) |
||||||||||
Student dress, IDs, and school supplies |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Required students to wear uniforms | 11.8 | (0.82) | 13.8 | (0.85) | 13.8 | (0.78) | 17.5 | (0.70) | 18.9 | (1.02) | 20.4 | (1.27) | 21.5 | (1.36) | 19.8 | (0.87) | 18.8 | (1.14) | 16.4 | (0.89) | ||||||||||
| Enforced a strict dress code | 47.4 | (1.50) | 55.1 | (1.24) | 55.3 | (1.18) | 54.8 | (1.20) | 56.9 | (1.56) | 58.5 | (1.60) | 53.1 | (1.22) | 48.8 | (1.32) | 43.7 | (1.32) | 36.6 | (1.33) | ||||||||||
| Required students to wear badges or picture IDs | 3.9 | (0.32) | 6.4 | (0.64) | 6.2 | (0.47) | 7.6 | (0.60) | 6.9 | (0.57) | 8.9 | (0.81) | 7.0 | (0.53) | 9.2 | (0.60) | 10.1 | (0.54) | 9.2 | (0.55) | ||||||||||
| Required faculty and staff to wear badges or picture IDs | 25.4 | (1.39) | 48.0 | (1.21) | 47.9 | (1.12) | 58.3 | (1.37) | 62.9 | (1.14) | 68.0 | (1.65) | 67.9 | (1.36) | 69.9 | (1.18) | 76.8 | (1.18) | 70.7 | (1.16) | ||||||||||
| Required clear book bags or banned book bags on school grounds | 5.9 | (0.50) | 6.2 | (0.63) | 6.4 | (0.43) | 6.0 | (0.48) | 5.5 | (0.53) | 6.3 | (0.81) | 3.9 | (0.44) | 3.5 | (0.42) | 4.4 | (0.43) | 3.7 | (0.45) | ||||||||||
| Provided school lockers to students | 46.5 | (1.07) | 49.5 | (1.24) | 50.5 | (1.08) | 48.9 | (1.17) | 52.1 | (1.10) | 49.9 | (1.35) | 50.4 | (1.24) | 49.0 | (1.25) | 49.4 | (1.06) | 43.0 | (1.37) | ||||||||||
Drug testing |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Students participating in athletics or other extracurricular activities5 |
--- |
(†) |
4.3 |
(0.44) |
5.0 |
(0.46) |
6.6 |
(0.53) |
6.2 |
(0.51) |
6.7 |
(0.61) |
7.7 |
(0.57) |
8.9 |
(0.57) |
9.5 |
(0.72) |
9.0 |
(0.60) |
||||||||||
| Athletes | --- | (†) | 4.2 | (0.44) | 5.0 | (0.46) | 6.4 | (0.48) | 6.0 | (0.52) | 6.6 | (0.59) | 7.2 | (0.55) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | ||||||||||
| Students in extracurricular activities (other than athletes) | --- | (†) | 2.6 | (0.37) | 3.4 | (0.32) | 4.5 | (0.51) | 4.6 | (0.47) | 4.3 | (0.47) | 6.0 | (0.53) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | ||||||||||
| Any other students | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 3.0 | (0.34) | 3.0 | (0.42) | 3.0 | (0.26) | 3.5 | (0.44) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | ||||||||||
Metal detectors, dogs, and sweeps |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Random metal detector checks on students | 7.2 | (0.54) | 5.6 | (0.55) | 4.9 | (0.40) | 5.3 | (0.37) | 5.2 | (0.42) | 4.2 | (0.48) | 4.5 | (0.48) | 4.9 | (0.49) | 6.0 | (0.47) | 6.2 | (0.43) | ||||||||||
| Metal detector checks on students every day6 | 0.9 | (0.16) | 1.1 | (0.16) | 1.1 | (0.18) | 1.3 | (0.20) | 1.4 | (0.24) | 2.0 | (0.40) | 1.8 | (0.32) | 2.2 | (0.35) | 2.7 | (0.34) | 2.4 | (0.25) | ||||||||||
|
Random sweeps (e.g., locker checks, dog sniffs) for contraband (e.g., drugs or weapons)7 |
25.3 |
(0.77) |
26.6 |
(0.73) |
28.0 |
(0.89) |
26.3 |
(0.77) |
27.7 |
(0.86) |
28.2 |
(1.02) |
28.2 |
(0.89) |
27.4 |
(0.88) |
28.7 |
(0.89) |
23.1 |
(0.88) |
||||||||||
| Random dog sniffs to check for drugs | 20.6 | (0.75) | 21.3 | (0.77) | 23.0 | (0.79) | 21.5 | (0.59) | 22.9 | (0.71) | 24.1 | (0.97) | 24.6 | (0.85) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | ||||||||||
| Random sweeps (not including dog sniffs) for contraband | 11.8 | (0.54) | 12.8 | (0.58) | 13.1 | (0.76) | 11.4 | (0.71) | 12.1 | (0.68) | 11.4 | (0.86) | 11.9 | (0.78) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | ||||||||||
Communication systems and technology |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provided telephones in most classrooms | 44.6 | (1.80) | 60.8 | (1.48) | 66.9 | (1.30) | 71.6 | (1.16) | 74.0 | (1.13) | 78.7 | (1.34) | 79.3 | (1.14) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | ||||||||||
|
Provided electronic notification system for schoolwide emergency |
--- |
(†) |
--- |
(†) |
--- |
(†) |
43.2 |
(1.26) |
63.1 |
(1.40) |
81.6 |
(1.12) |
73.0 |
(1.35) |
71.6 |
(1.17) |
70.4 |
(1.34) |
69.4 |
(1.31) |
||||||||||
| Provided structured anonymous threat reporting system8 | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 31.2 | (1.22) | 35.9 | (1.19) | 46.5 | (1.63) | 43.9 | (1.58) | 49.3 | (1.32) | 65.7 | (1.30) | 62.4 | (1.26) | ||||||||||
| Had silent alarms directly connected to law enforcement | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 27.1 | (1.23) | 29.1 | (1.15) | 40.0 | (1.26) | 43.0 | (1.31) | ||||||||||
| Used security cameras to monitor the school | 19.4 | (0.88) | 36.0 | (1.28) | 42.8 | (1.29) | 55.0 | (1.37) | 61.1 | (1.16) | 75.1 | (1.31) | 80.6 | (0.96) | 83.5 | (1.09) | 91.1 | (0.79) | 92.6 | (0.62) | ||||||||||
| Provided two-way radios to any staff | --- | (†) | 71.2 | (1.18) | 70.9 | (1.22) | 73.1 | (1.15) | 73.3 | (1.33) | 74.2 | (1.42) | 73.3 | (1.22) | 77.8 | (1.06) | 83.2 | (0.91) | 83.3 | (0.83) | ||||||||||
| Limited access to social networking sites from school computers | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 93.4 | (0.59) | 91.9 | (0.80) | 89.1 | (0.88) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | ||||||||||
|
Prohibited non-academic use of cell phones or smartphones during school hours9 |
--- |
(†) |
--- |
(†) |
--- |
(†) |
--- |
(†) |
90.9 |
(0.67) |
75.9 |
(1.07) |
65.8 |
(1.36) |
70.3 |
(1.30) |
76.9 |
(1.03) |
76.1 |
(0.76) |
||||||||||
| ---Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1Data for 2013-14 were collected using the Fast Response Survey System (FRSS), while data for all other years were collected using the School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS). The 2013-14 FRSS survey was designed to allow comparisons with SSOCS data. However, the mode of the 2013-14 FRSS survey differed from that of SSOCS, which evolved over time. Specifically, all respondents to the 2013-14 survey could choose either to complete the survey on paper (and mail it back) or to complete the survey online. All respondents to SSOCS had only the option of completing a paper survey prior to 2017-18. In 2017-18, SSOCS experimented with offering an online option to some respondents. In 2019-20 and 2021-22, SSOCS switched to using primarily an online survey instrument. The 2013-14 FRSS survey also relied on a smaller sample than SSOCS. The FRSS survey's smaller sample size and difference in survey administration may have impacted the 2013-14 results. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2The coronavirus pandemic affected the 2019-20 data collection activities, while the change to virtual schooling and the adjusted school year may have impacted the data collected by SSOCS. Readers should use caution when comparing 2019-20 estimates with those from other years. For more information, see Crime, Violence, Discipline, and Safety in U.S. Public Schools in 2019–20: Findings From the School Survey on Crime and Safety (NCES 2022-029). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3Prior to 2017-18, the examples of controlled access to buildings included only "locked or monitored doors" and did not include loading docks. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4Prior to 2015-16, the questionnaire asked only if visitors were required "to sign or check in" and did not include the requirement to wear badges. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5The 2017-18, 2019-20, and 2021-22 questionnaires included only a single item about drug testing "for students participating in athletics or other extracurricular activities." Prior to 2017-18, the questionnaire included two separate items: one item about testing for athletes and one about testing for students in other extracurricular activities. For years prior to 2017-18, schools are included in this row if they answered "yes" to either or both of the separate items; each school is counted only once in this row, even if it answered "yes" to both of the separate items. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6The wording of this item was revised in 2015-16. Prior to 2015-16, the item asked whether students were required "to pass through metal detectors each day." | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7The 2017-18, 2019-20, and 2021-22 questionnaires included only a single item about random sweeps for contraband, and they provided locker checks and dog sniffs as examples of types of sweeps. Prior to 2017-18, the questionnaire included one item about dog sniffs for drugs, followed by a separate item about sweeps not including dog sniffs. For years prior to 2017-18, schools are included in this row if they answered "yes" to either or both of these items; each school is counted only once in this row, even if it answered "yes" to both items. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8For example, a system for reporting threats through online submission, telephone hotline, or written submission via drop box. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9Prior to 2017-18, the questionnaire asked about prohibiting the "use of cell phones and text messaging devices during school hours." It did not refer to "non-academic" use or "smartphones." | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Responses were provided by the principal or the person most knowledgeable about crime and safety issues at the school. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1999–2000, 2003–04, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2019-20, and 2021-22 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2000, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022; and Fast Response Survey System (FRSS), "School Safety and Discipline: 2013-14," FRSS 106, 2014. (This table was prepared November 2023.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
