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| 2023 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected student, family, or school characteristic | Percentage distribution of all ninth-graders | Percentage distribution of ninth-graders in various mathematics courses in fall 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| No mathematics | Basic mathematics1 | Pre-algebra | Algebra 1 | Geometry | Algebra 2 | A different mathematics class2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | 100.0 | (†) | 8.9 | (0.86) | 0.4 | (0.09) | 2.6 | (0.32) | 50.1 | (1.21) | 20.4 | (0.95) | 8.3 | (0.59) | 9.2 | (0.89) | ||||||||
Sex | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Female | 48.5 | (0.53) | 8.9 | (1.06) | 0.4 | (0.11) | 2.4 | (0.37) | 51.0 | (1.40) | 20.9 | (1.15) | 7.9 | (0.71) | 8.6 | (0.88) | ||||||||
| Male | 51.5 | (0.53) | 8.8 | (0.78) | 0.5 | ! | (0.14) | 2.9 | (0.36) | 49.3 | (1.36) | 20.0 | (0.97) | 8.6 | (0.68) | 9.9 | (1.02) | |||||||
Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 0.9 | (0.01) | 14.6 | (2.70) | ‡ | (†) | 10.2 | (2.19) | 48.9 | (3.82) | 10.6 | (2.07) | 5.6 | (1.16) | 8.9 | (1.85) | ||||||||
| Asian | 5.3 | (0.09) | 7.6 | (1.66) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 24.9 | (1.80) | 29.9 | (2.41) | 15.9 | (2.33) | 21.0 | (2.56) | ||||||||
| Black | 15.3 | (0.17) | 13.5 | (1.85) | 0.5 | ! | (0.22) | 4.6 | (0.89) | 52.5 | (2.37) | 15.9 | (1.79) | 5.5 | (0.62) | 7.5 | (1.03) | |||||||
| Hispanic | 28.2 | (0.16) | 10.1 | (1.35) | 0.4 | ! | (0.12) | 2.3 | (0.44) | 51.6 | (1.98) | 15.9 | (1.61) | 8.8 | (1.16) | 10.8 | (1.43) | |||||||
| Pacific Islander | 0.2 | (0.06) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 48.2 | (8.99) | 15.0 | ! | (7.13) | ‡ | (†) | 11.2 | ! | (4.58) | ||||||
| White | 45.4 | (0.25) | 7.1 | (1.12) | 0.5 | ! | (0.17) | 2.3 | (0.42) | 51.4 | (1.67) | 23.5 | (1.33) | 7.8 | (0.70) | 7.4 | (1.10) | |||||||
| Two or more races | 4.7 | (0.09) | 4.3 | (0.73) | ‡ | (†) | 2.4 | (0.56) | 51.1 | (2.18) | 21.8 | (2.34) | 10.2 | (1.42) | 9.9 | (1.32) | ||||||||
Native language3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monolingual | 90.5 | (0.34) | 8.9 | (0.89) | 0.5 | (0.10) | 2.7 | (0.33) | 50.3 | (1.22) | 20.5 | (0.98) | 8.2 | (0.59) | 8.9 | (0.88) | ||||||||
| English | 77.5 | (0.54) | 8.2 | (0.90) | 0.4 | (0.12) | 2.9 | (0.36) | 50.9 | (1.32) | 21.2 | (1.05) | 7.7 | (0.57) | 8.6 | (0.89) | ||||||||
| Spanish | 9.6 | (0.43) | 13.7 | (1.91) | 0.6 | ! | (0.25) | 1.9 | (0.51) | 50.5 | (2.44) | 14.0 | (1.69) | 11.4 | (1.92) | 7.8 | (1.50) | |||||||
| Another language | 3.4 | (0.17) | 11.5 | (2.18) | ‡ | (†) | 0.9 | ! | (0.42) | 34.2 | (2.86) | 24.3 | (3.47) | 10.7 | (1.58) | 18.3 | (2.92) | |||||||
| Bilingual | 9.5 | (0.34) | 8.4 | (1.59) | ‡ | (†) | 2.2 | (0.56) | 48.2 | (2.20) | 19.2 | (1.89) | 8.9 | (1.44) | 12.7 | (2.03) | ||||||||
Parents/guardians in the primary household4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Two parents | 76.5 | (0.56) | 7.8 | (0.85) | 0.4 | (0.10) | 2.3 | (0.32) | 49.6 | (1.28) | 22.0 | (1.00) | 8.7 | (0.63) | 9.2 | (0.97) | ||||||||
| One parent | 22.6 | (0.55) | 12.2 | (1.26) | 0.6 | (0.17) | 3.7 | (0.58) | 51.6 | (1.61) | 15.4 | (1.25) | 6.9 | (0.85) | 9.5 | (1.02) | ||||||||
| Nonparental guardian(s) | 0.9 | (0.10) | 11.8 | ! | (3.56) | # | (†) | 3.5 | ! | (1.73) | 59.4 | (6.62) | 12.2 | ! | (4.59) | ‡ | (†) | 5.8 | ! | (2.33) | ||||
Highest level of education attained by either parent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than high school completion | 5.5 | (0.30) | 11.3 | (2.29) | 1.2 | ! | (0.47) | 3.3 | ! | (1.03) | 52.6 | (3.26) | 13.7 | (2.10) | 9.8 | (2.40) | 8.1 | (1.61) | ||||||
| High school diploma or equivalent5 | 21.7 | (0.57) | 11.8 | (1.26) | 0.7 | ! | (0.28) | 3.2 | (0.54) | 57.0 | (1.83) | 13.2 | (1.17) | 6.4 | (0.78) | 7.7 | (0.90) | |||||||
| Completed a credential beyond high school, no bachelor's degree6 | 22.2 | (0.53) | 9.4 | (1.15) | 0.7 | ! | (0.29) | 2.9 | (0.50) | 55.9 | (1.81) | 16.3 | (1.22) | 5.7 | (0.64) | 9.0 | (1.19) | |||||||
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 50.6 | (0.80) | 7.2 | (0.98) | 0.1 | ! | (0.04) | 2.3 | (0.34) | 44.5 | (1.36) | 25.9 | (1.16) | 10.0 | (0.80) | 10.1 | (1.14) | |||||||
Socioeconomic status7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lowest fifth | 20.0 | (0.60) | 11.2 | (1.31) | 0.9 | ! | (0.32) | 2.9 | (0.49) | 56.7 | (1.84) | 12.6 | (1.24) | 7.1 | (0.97) | 8.6 | (1.03) | |||||||
| Middle three-fifths | 60.0 | (0.69) | 9.3 | (0.91) | 0.4 | (0.12) | 3.1 | (0.42) | 52.2 | (1.39) | 18.9 | (1.07) | 7.3 | (0.58) | 8.8 | (0.94) | ||||||||
| Highest fifth | 20.0 | (0.69) | 5.4 | (1.08) | ‡ | (†) | 1.2 | (0.30) | 37.7 | (1.64) | 32.4 | (1.58) | 12.2 | (1.13) | 11.1 | (1.48) | ||||||||
Ninth-graders' education attainment expectations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than high school | 5.0 | (0.30) | 9.6 | (1.66) | ‡ | (†) | 2.6 | ! | (0.81) | 50.3 | (2.70) | 21.1 | (2.64) | 8.4 | (1.35) | 7.2 | (1.42) | |||||||
| High school diploma or equivalent5 | 13.3 | (0.40) | 10.4 | (1.27) | 1.0 | ! | (0.46) | 3.2 | (0.47) | 60.6 | (2.12) | 10.5 | (1.22) | 5.3 | (0.86) | 8.9 | (1.34) | |||||||
| Certificate8 | 6.5 | (0.31) | 8.7 | (1.61) | ‡ | (†) | 5.1 | (1.13) | 61.3 | (2.34) | 12.6 | (1.50) | 5.5 | (1.21) | 6.6 | (1.35) | ||||||||
| Associate's degree | 4.6 | (0.29) | 8.3 | (2.16) | ‡ | (†) | 1.4 | ! | (0.49) | 56.0 | (3.38) | 16.1 | (2.01) | 7.0 | ! | (2.41) | 11.1 | (2.79) | ||||||
| Bachelor's degree | 17.1 | (0.48) | 5.7 | (0.99) | ‡ | (†) | 1.9 | (0.46) | 45.7 | (2.03) | 26.9 | (1.72) | 8.9 | (1.12) | 10.7 | (1.39) | ||||||||
| Graduate or professional degree | 26.4 | (0.58) | 7.4 | (1.03) | 0.3 | ! | (0.12) | 1.4 | (0.29) | 40.7 | (1.50) | 27.8 | (1.46) | 11.1 | (1.00) | 11.3 | (1.30) | |||||||
| Don't know | 27.0 | (0.54) | 11.6 | (1.25) | 0.4 | ! | (0.11) | 3.8 | (0.54) | 53.7 | (1.57) | 16.2 | (1.21) | 7.4 | (0.79) | 6.9 | (0.85) | |||||||
Growth mindset: most people can learn to be good at math | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Slightly to strongly agree | 91.4 | (0.37) | 8.0 | (0.83) | 0.4 | (0.11) | 2.6 | (0.34) | 50.0 | (1.23) | 20.9 | (1.01) | 8.6 | (0.64) | 9.5 | (0.94) | ||||||||
| Slightly to strongly disagree | 8.6 | (0.37) | 13.3 | (2.05) | ‡ | (†) | 1.2 | ! | (0.44) | 51.6 | (2.59) | 19.6 | (1.85) | 6.5 | (1.07) | 7.4 | (1.35) | |||||||
Mathematics achievement by quintile rank | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lowest fifth | 20.1 | (0.57) | 13.6 | (1.36) | 0.9 | ! | (0.32) | 4.7 | (0.59) | 57.2 | (1.91) | 9.4 | (1.38) | 5.8 | (0.60) | 8.4 | (0.91) | |||||||
| Middle three-fifths | 60.0 | (0.66) | 8.1 | (0.83) | 0.4 | (0.10) | 2.9 | (0.44) | 57.0 | (1.45) | 18.0 | (0.94) | 5.7 | (0.59) | 8.0 | (0.95) | ||||||||
| Highest fifth | 19.9 | (0.70) | 5.4 | (1.41) | ‡ | (†) | 0.2 | ! | (0.09) | 24.4 | (1.62) | 38.3 | (1.68) | 17.7 | (1.48) | 13.9 | (1.71) | |||||||
Reading achievement by quintile rank | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lowest fifth | 20.4 | (0.66) | 15.0 | (1.60) | 0.8 | ! | (0.30) | 4.8 | (0.59) | 54.4 | (1.77) | 10.7 | (1.23) | 6.0 | (0.79) | 8.3 | (1.02) | |||||||
| Middle three-fifths | 59.7 | (0.75) | 7.7 | (0.85) | 0.4 | (0.12) | 2.6 | (0.39) | 55.4 | (1.46) | 18.7 | (0.97) | 6.7 | (0.56) | 8.4 | (0.95) | ||||||||
| Highest fifth | 19.9 | (0.64) | 5.0 | (1.07) | # | (†) | 0.8 | (0.21) | 31.4 | (1.68) | 35.3 | (1.62) | 14.8 | (1.38) | 12.7 | (1.73) | ||||||||
School control | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Public | 90.0 | (0.00) | 9.7 | (0.96) | 0.4 | (0.09) | 2.6 | (0.33) | 50.4 | (1.33) | 19.0 | (1.05) | 8.2 | (0.63) | 9.7 | (0.99) | ||||||||
| Charter school | 5.8 | (0.00) | 8.4 | (1.65) | ‡ | (†) | 2.4 | (0.61) | 47.3 | (3.81) | 15.2 | (2.24) | 9.3 | (1.69) | 17.1 | (3.91) | ||||||||
| Other public9 | 84.2 | (0.00) | 9.8 | (1.01) | 0.4 | (0.09) | 2.6 | (0.35) | 50.6 | (1.42) | 19.2 | (1.10) | 8.1 | (0.65) | 9.2 | (1.03) | ||||||||
| Private | 10.0 | (0.00) | 1.7 | ! | (0.58) | ‡ | (†) | 2.9 | ! | (1.13) | 48.0 | (2.68) | 32.5 | (2.51) | 8.8 | (1.80) | 5.5 | (1.16) | ||||||
| Catholic | 4.3 | (0.00) | 1.4 | (0.24) | ‡ | (†) | 1.6 | (0.40) | 60.6 | (2.20) | 23.8 | (2.22) | 7.6 | (1.23) | 5.0 | (1.15) | ||||||||
| Other private | 5.6 | (0.00) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 38.2 | (4.18) | 39.3 | (3.96) | 9.7 | ! | (3.02) | 5.9 | ! | (1.82) | ||||||
School locale | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| City | 31.8 | (0.00) | 8.0 | (1.28) | ‡ | (†) | 2.5 | (0.60) | 47.9 | (2.13) | 22.2 | (1.60) | 7.3 | (0.77) | 11.9 | (1.89) | ||||||||
| Suburb | 38.2 | (0.00) | 7.4 | (1.53) | 0.3 | ! | (0.15) | 2.3 | (0.48) | 48.1 | (2.17) | 21.5 | (1.71) | 11.5 | (1.19) | 8.9 | (1.50) | |||||||
| Town | 10.3 | (0.00) | 13.0 | (2.75) | ‡ | (†) | 5.1 | ! | (1.59) | 55.7 | (4.47) | 15.1 | (2.31) | 4.7 | (1.12) | 5.6 | ! | (2.22) | ||||||
| Rural | 19.7 | (0.00) | 10.8 | (2.24) | 0.8 | (0.25) | 2.2 | (0.47) | 54.6 | (2.94) | 18.4 | (2.06) | 5.5 | (0.90) | 7.6 | (1.52) | ||||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| #Rounds to zero. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| !Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1Includes review and remedial mathematics classes, such as basic, business, consumer, functional, and general mathematics. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2Includes the following subjects: trigonometry, analytic geometry, integrated mathematics, statistics or probability, advanced mathematics courses such as precalculus and calculus, and other mathematics courses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3The first or primary language students learned to speak when they were children. Monolingual includes students who indicated learning to speak English, Spanish, or another language. Bilingual includes those who indicated learning to speak English and Spanish equally or English and another language equally. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4The parents or guardians living in the home where the student spends the most time. Households with two parents or one parent may include biological parents, adoptive parents, step-parents, foster parents and legal guardians, or grandparents, all of whom are classified as "parents" to the student. Households with nonparental guardians may include aunts, uncles, or unmarried partners of a parent. Some 3.5 percent of ninth-graders who live primarily with one parent and one nonparental guardian are included among those living with two parents. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5Includes equivalency credentials, such as the GED certificate, the High School Equivalency Test (HiSET), and the Test Assessing Secondary Completion (TASC). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6Includes attainment of a postsecondary certificate or associate’s degree from a college or university or an occupational, technical, or trade school. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7Measured as a composite score based on parental education, parental occupation, and family income. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8Any postsecondary education from a school that provides occupational training, such as a trade school. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9Includes traditional, magnet, virtual, and other noncharter public schools. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: All estimates are weighted by the study respondent weight. Mathematics course enrollment reflects enrollment in the first semester of high school for most fall 2022 ninth-graders who completed the High School and Beyond Longitudinal Study of 2022 student survey between September 2022 and January 2023. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, High School and Beyond Longitudinal Study of 2022 (HS&B:22). (This table was prepared February 2024). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
