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| 2023 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Race/ethnicity | Percent of students in school eligible for free or reduced-price lunch1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| American Indian/ Alaska Native | Asian | Black | Hispanic | Pacific Islander | White | Two or more races | 0-25 percent eligible (low poverty) |
26-50 percent eligible |
51-75 percent eligible |
76-100 percent eligible (high poverty) |
||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |||||||||||
| United States | 198 | (2.1) | 241 | (1.3) | 198 | (0.7) | 204 | (0.6) | 206 | (3.0) | 226 | (0.3) | 222 | (1.0) | 237 | (1.5) | 222 | (1.2) | 214 | (2.0) | 211 | (1.9) |
| Alabama | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 197 | (2.8) | 204 | (2.6) | ‡ | (†) | 224 | (1.9) | 218 | (4.6) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 216 | (2.7) | ‡ | (†) |
| Alaska | 168 | (3.0) | 211 | (5.0) | ‡ | (†) | 214 | (4.7) | ‡ | (†) | 220 | (1.8) | 207 | (2.9) | 220 | (6.2) | 215 | (4.1) | ‡ | (†) | 208 | (4.7) |
| Arizona | 190 | (5.1) | ‡ | (†) | 205 | (3.9) | 205 | (2.2) | ‡ | (†) | 229 | (2.1) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 220 | (4.0) | ‡ | (†) | 216 | (6.1) |
| Arkansas | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 188 | (3.1) | 201 | (3.9) | ‡ | (†) | 221 | (1.7) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 210 | (4.0) | ‡ | (†) |
| California | ‡ | (†) | 244 | (3.3) | 194 | (4.2) | 202 | (1.8) | ‡ | (†) | 231 | (3.4) | 231 | (5.0) | 223 | (8.0) | 230 | (5.2) | 212 | (10.1) | ‡ | (†) |
Colorado |
‡ |
(†) |
236 |
(5.6) |
204 |
(6.2) |
205 |
(2.4) |
‡ |
(†) |
235 |
(1.5) |
230 |
(3.9) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
| Connecticut | ‡ | (†) | 241 | (4.3) | 198 | (2.6) | 199 | (2.7) | ‡ | (†) | 233 | (1.6) | ‡ | (†) | 232 | (3.2) | 222 | (3.0) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| Delaware | ‡ | (†) | 237 | (5.0) | 195 | (2.3) | 199 | (2.3) | ‡ | (†) | 221 | (1.9) | 211 | (5.4) | 235 | (4.3) | 215 | (5.4) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| District of Columbia | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 193 | (1.6) | 202 | (2.8) | ‡ | (†) | 262 | (2.7) | ‡ | (†) | 258 | (3.8) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| Florida | ‡ | (†) | 255 | (3.6) | 207 | (2.3) | 222 | (1.7) | ‡ | (†) | 234 | (1.8) | 232 | (3.5) | 252 | (4.9) | 235 | (6.6) | 226 | (3.4) | 211 | (4.4) |
Georgia |
‡ |
(†) |
242 |
(4.5) |
202 |
(2.1) |
207 |
(2.2) |
‡ |
(†) |
229 |
(2.2) |
222 |
(4.3) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
202 |
(6.2) |
| Hawaii | ‡ | (†) | 227 | (2.5) | ‡ | (†) | 215 | (2.7) | 200 | (2.3) | 232 | (3.1) | 228 | (2.4) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| Idaho | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 202 | (3.0) | ‡ | (†) | 218 | (1.5) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 214 | (8.7) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| Illinois | ‡ | (†) | 249 | (4.0) | 194 | (3.3) | 205 | (1.7) | ‡ | (†) | 228 | (1.9) | 223 | (5.8) | 234 | (5.8) | 216 | (3.0) | ‡ | (†) | 203 | (4.3) |
| Indiana | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 194 | (2.7) | 210 | (3.8) | ‡ | (†) | 224 | (1.5) | 214 | (6.3) | ‡ | (†) | 222 | (4.5) | 214 | (2.7) | 214 | (8.9) |
Iowa |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
193 |
(3.8) |
201 |
(3.0) |
‡ |
(†) |
223 |
(1.5) |
221 |
(4.2) |
229 |
(2.4) |
217 |
(5.1) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
| Kansas | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 195 | (4.1) | 200 | (2.7) | ‡ | (†) | 222 | (1.7) | 210 | (4.2) | 238 | (2.9) | 219 | (3.4) | 208 | (5.4) | ‡ | (†) |
| Kentucky | ‡ | (†) | 230 | (6.4) | 200 | (2.6) | 207 | (2.4) | ‡ | (†) | 220 | (1.6) | 211 | (5.2) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| Louisiana | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 197 | (2.4) | 210 | (4.2) | ‡ | (†) | 227 | (1.8) | 225 | (5.1) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| Maine | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 180 | (7.5) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 215 | (1.3) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 224 | (4.6) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
Maryland |
‡ |
(†) |
238 |
(5.7) |
202 |
(2.0) |
192 |
(2.3) |
‡ |
(†) |
232 |
(2.4) |
223 |
(4.9) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
| Massachusetts | ‡ | (†) | 248 | (3.0) | 207 | (3.6) | 204 | (2.4) | ‡ | (†) | 235 | (1.4) | 243 | (4.8) | 245 | (2.8) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| Michigan | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 188 | (3.7) | 202 | (3.5) | ‡ | (†) | 220 | (2.0) | 215 | (3.7) | 239 | (5.0) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 223 | (7.3) |
| Minnesota | ‡ | (†) | 203 | (5.1) | 193 | (3.2) | 197 | (4.0) | ‡ | (†) | 226 | (1.8) | 212 | (3.9) | 231 | (3.8) | 214 | (2.3) | ‡ | (†) | 189 | (9.4) |
| Mississippi | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 204 | (2.1) | 214 | (4.7) | ‡ | (†) | 230 | (1.5) | ‡ | (†) | 230 | (4.3) | 230 | (3.7) | 217 | (6.7) | ‡ | (†) |
Missouri |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
186 |
(3.1) |
210 |
(3.8) |
‡ |
(†) |
219 |
(1.5) |
219 |
(4.9) |
233 |
(3.4) |
212 |
(9.9) |
212 |
(4.2) |
‡ |
(†) |
| Montana | 187 | (4.4) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 215 | (5.0) | ‡ | (†) | 223 | (1.4) | 212 | (5.0) | 231 | (5.6) | 217 | (3.7) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| Nebraska | ‡ | (†) | 228 | (6.8) | 193 | (4.6) | 203 | (2.6) | ‡ | (†) | 227 | (1.3) | ‡ | (†) | 235 | (4.1) | 224 | (4.7) | 216 | (4.2) | 209 | (6.7) |
| Nevada | ‡ | (†) | 241 | (4.5) | 191 | (2.8) | 205 | (2.0) | ‡ | (†) | 223 | (2.5) | 210 | (4.0) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| New Hampshire | ‡ | (†) | 237 | (5.5) | ‡ | (†) | 197 | (5.5) | ‡ | (†) | 224 | (1.4) | ‡ | (†) | 228 | (2.7) | 217 | (3.2) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
New Jersey |
‡ |
(†) |
250 |
(2.8) |
203 |
(4.9) |
210 |
(2.5) |
‡ |
(†) |
231 |
(2.3) |
229 |
(5.0) |
234 |
(3.5) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
212 |
(6.4) |
| New Mexico | 186 | (3.4) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 197 | (1.7) | ‡ | (†) | 221 | (2.8) | ‡ | (†) | 219 | (10.8) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| New York | ‡ | (†) | 235 | (3.1) | 194 | (5.3) | 206 | (2.1) | ‡ | (†) | 223 | (2.5) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| North Carolina | ‡ | (†) | 242 | (6.4) | 198 | (2.2) | 206 | (2.2) | ‡ | (†) | 229 | (2.2) | 209 | (4.7) | 221 | (11.7) | 224 | (3.3) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| North Dakota | 206 | (5.3) | ‡ | (†) | 189 | (5.0) | 202 | (4.8) | ‡ | (†) | 222 | (1.3) | 215 | (4.0) | 224 | (1.9) | 218 | (4.0) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
Ohio |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
190 |
(4.3) |
195 |
(5.6) |
‡ |
(†) |
225 |
(1.4) |
221 |
(6.6) |
234 |
(5.6) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
| Oklahoma | 205 | (4.2) | ‡ | (†) | 193 | (4.3) | 195 | (2.8) | ‡ | (†) | 215 | (1.9) | 213 | (4.0) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 212 | (2.7) | 198 | (3.4) |
| Oregon | ‡ | (†) | 225 | (7.0) | ‡ | (†) | 191 | (3.1) | ‡ | (†) | 217 | (2.0) | 213 | (5.1) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| Pennsylvania | ‡ | (†) | 244 | (4.2) | 194 | (2.8) | 202 | (3.9) | ‡ | (†) | 226 | (1.8) | 219 | (5.0) | 240 | (4.4) | 224 | (3.1) | ‡ | (†) | 212 | (14.1) |
| Rhode Island | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 197 | (3.6) | 201 | (2.2) | ‡ | (†) | 229 | (1.4) | 213 | (5.0) | 233 | (3.0) | ‡ | (†) | 219 | (6.2) | ‡ | (†) |
South Carolina |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
199 |
(2.5) |
200 |
(2.6) |
‡ |
(†) |
230 |
(1.9) |
220 |
(4.1) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
| South Dakota | 187 | (3.6) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 207 | (3.4) | ‡ | (†) | 225 | (1.2) | 214 | (3.7) | 229 | (3.5) | 220 | (2.6) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| Tennessee | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 193 | (3.1) | 206 | (3.4) | ‡ | (†) | 222 | (1.8) | 214 | (4.4) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| Texas | ‡ | (†) | 251 | (4.5) | 204 | (3.2) | 205 | (1.9) | ‡ | (†) | 228 | (2.2) | 226 | (5.7) | 246 | (4.3) | 214 | (3.8) | ‡ | (†) | 212 | (5.3) |
| Utah | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 200 | (2.5) | ‡ | (†) | 228 | (1.4) | ‡ | (†) | 234 | (3.4) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
Vermont |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
217 |
(1.3) |
229 |
(5.3) |
‡ |
(†) |
208 |
(6.1) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
| Virginia | ‡ | (†) | 232 | (3.5) | 195 | (2.4) | 194 | (3.2) | ‡ | (†) | 224 | (2.3) | 226 | (4.8) | 227 | (5.9) | 218 | (6.0) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| Washington | ‡ | (†) | 230 | (7.5) | 210 | (4.2) | 194 | (2.7) | ‡ | (†) | 226 | (2.4) | 227 | (3.3) | ‡ | (†) | 204 | (5.2) | 207 | (5.0) | 231 | (7.5) |
| West Virginia | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 197 | (5.5) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 206 | (1.3) | 196 | (5.4) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| Wisconsin | ‡ | (†) | 219 | (3.7) | 186 | (4.7) | 202 | (4.4) | ‡ | (†) | 226 | (1.5) | 218 | (6.5) | 233 | (2.9) | 221 | (5.0) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| Wyoming | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 214 | (3.0) | ‡ | (†) | 228 | (1.2) | 229 | (4.9) | 235 | (3.2) | 229 | (3.8) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
|
Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA)2 |
‡ |
(†) |
242 |
(2.8) |
226 |
(2.4) |
229 |
(1.7) |
‡ |
(†) |
239 |
(1.2) |
237 |
(2.0) |
236 |
(2.1) |
‡ |
(†) |
‡ |
(†) |
231 |
(3.0) |
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡Reporting standards not met. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1For the United States, the individual states, and the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA), the nonresponse rate for free or reduced-price lunch was greater than 15 percent but not greater than 50 percent. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2Includes both domestic and overseas schools. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Table does not include private schools, Bureau of Indian Education schools, or (except in the final row) DoDEA schools. Includes public school students who were tested with accommodations; excludes only those students with disabilities (SD) and English learners (ELs) who were unable to be tested even with accommodations. SD and EL populations, accommodation rates, and exclusion rates vary from state to state. Race/ethnicity based on school records. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2022 Reading Assessment, retrieved January 2, 2024, from the Main NAEP Data Explorer (https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/ndecore/xplore/NDE). (This table was prepared January 2024.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
