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| 2023 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected principal or school characteristic | Public school principals | Private school principals | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Continued working as a principal | Stopped working as a principal | No longer at same school; status unknown1 | Continued working as a principal | Stopped working as a principal | No longer at same school; status unknown1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Stayed at same school2 | Moved to a different school | Stayed at same school2 | Moved to a different school | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | 79.6 | (0.52) | 5.9 | (0.34) | 11.2 | (0.46) | 3.2 | (0.24) | 82.6 | (1.23) | 2.5 | (0.48) | 9.7 | (0.96) | 5.2 | (0.70) | ||||||||
| Sex3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 78.5 | (0.81) | 6.0 | (0.49) | 12.3 | (0.70) | 3.2 | (0.38) | 83.4 | (1.83) | 3.7 | (1.01) | 7.8 | (1.22) | 5.2 | (1.29) | ||||||||
| Female | 80.5 | (0.72) | 5.8 | (0.50) | 10.4 | (0.55) | 3.3 | (0.32) | 82.2 | (1.57) | 1.8 | (0.44) | 10.8 | (1.26) | 5.2 | (0.86) | ||||||||
Race/ethnicity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 75.5 | (6.82) | 4.9 | ! | (2.25) | 13.1 | ! | (5.48) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 83.8 | (4.03) | ‡ | (†) | 9.9 | (2.87) | ‡ | (†) | 87.5 | (6.13) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||||||
| Asian | 85.3 | (4.15) | ‡ | (†) | 10.5 | ! | (3.37) | ‡ | (†) | 86.7 | (6.46) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||||
| Pacific Islander | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||||||
| Black | 79.0 | (1.78) | 6.9 | (1.05) | 8.9 | (1.30) | 5.2 | (0.94) | 85.2 | (4.69) | ‡ | (†) | 3.8 | ! | (1.82) | 8.8 | ! | (4.23) | ||||||
| Hispanic | 76.6 | (2.00) | 7.2 | (1.32) | 10.1 | (1.35) | 6.1 | (1.26) | 76.1 | (4.87) | ‡ | (†) | 10.5 | ! | (3.63) | 9.7 | ! | (3.50) | ||||||
| White | 80.2 | (0.60) | 5.7 | (0.38) | 11.6 | (0.53) | 2.5 | (0.24) | 82.6 | (1.38) | 2.4 | (0.54) | 10.4 | (1.06) | 4.6 | (0.74) | ||||||||
| Two or more races | 70.3 | (6.37) | 8.1 | ! | (3.18) | 15.5 | ! | (5.43) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||||
Age |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Under 40 | 83.8 | (1.29) | 5.7 | (0.81) | 8.1 | (1.04) | 2.4 | (0.51) | 80.3 | (3.75) | 3.6 | ! | (1.29) | 11.1 | (3.12) | 5.1 | ! | (2.38) | ||||||
| 40 to 44 | 82.2 | (1.09) | 7.0 | (0.84) | 7.9 | (0.81) | 3.0 | (0.55) | 86.1 | (2.59) | 1.9 | ! | (0.75) | 6.7 | (1.85) | 5.2 | ! | (1.84) | ||||||
| 45 to 49 | 81.3 | (1.12) | 7.2 | (0.79) | 8.7 | (0.77) | 2.8 | (0.52) | 84.9 | (2.83) | 2.6 | ! | (1.15) | 6.8 | (1.90) | 5.7 | ! | (2.28) | ||||||
| 50 to 54 | 81.3 | (1.14) | 5.0 | (0.62) | 9.8 | (0.86) | 3.9 | (0.64) | 86.2 | (2.40) | 2.7 | ! | (1.12) | 5.4 | (1.46) | 5.7 | (1.67) | |||||||
| 55 or over | 71.7 | (1.38) | 4.7 | (0.72) | 19.9 | (1.23) | 3.8 | (0.58) | 79.9 | (2.05) | 2.2 | ! | (0.85) | 13.1 | (1.68) | 4.9 | (1.08) | |||||||
|
Years of experience as a principal at any school |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 3 | 82.5 | (1.08) | 6.3 | (0.68) | 7.6 | (0.75) | 3.6 | (0.53) | 83.1 | (2.39) | 2.3 | ! | (0.78) | 10.3 | (1.94) | 4.3 | ! | (1.33) | ||||||
| 3 to 5 | 80.3 | (1.06) | 5.9 | (0.66) | 10.1 | (0.79) | 3.8 | (0.54) | 78.4 | (2.88) | 2.7 | ! | (0.93) | 10.1 | (2.02) | 8.7 | (2.21) | |||||||
| 6 to 9 | 78.5 | (1.12) | 6.5 | (0.76) | 12.4 | (0.96) | 2.6 | (0.44) | 83.9 | (2.85) | 2.4 | ! | (0.92) | 6.6 | (1.59) | 7.0 | ! | (2.41) | ||||||
| 10 or more | 77.3 | (1.12) | 5.1 | (0.58) | 14.7 | (0.92) | 2.9 | (0.48) | 84.0 | (1.93) | 2.5 | ! | (0.91) | 10.4 | (1.55) | 3.1 | (0.84) | |||||||
Salary, in current dollars |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than $60,000 | 75.7 | (5.90) | 8.1 | ! | (3.71) | 12.5 | ! | (4.64) | ‡ | (†) | 80.6 | (2.34) | 2.6 | ! | (0.95) | 10.9 | (1.86) | 5.8 | (1.34) | |||||
| $60,000 to $79,999 | 76.0 | (1.85) | 6.3 | (0.99) | 12.8 | (1.50) | 4.9 | (0.83) | 80.9 | (2.24) | 2.4 | ! | (0.84) | 9.4 | (1.60) | 7.4 | (1.86) | |||||||
| $80,000 to $99,999 | 79.7 | (0.97) | 5.6 | (0.58) | 10.9 | (0.72) | 3.8 | (0.47) | 87.2 | (2.03) | 2.3 | ! | (1.03) | 8.0 | (1.66) | 2.5 | ! | (0.79) | ||||||
| $100,000 or more | 80.5 | (0.69) | 5.9 | (0.46) | 11.0 | (0.55) | 2.6 | (0.28) | 85.6 | (1.73) | 2.4 | (0.67) | 8.9 | (1.47) | 3.1 | (0.87) | ||||||||
Highest degree earned |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bachelor's degree or less | 79.9 | (3.59) | 3.6 | ! | (1.23) | 10.4 | (2.43) | 6.2 | ! | (2.33) | 84.7 | (2.68) | ‡ | (†) | 8.8 | (2.06) | 5.3 | ! | (1.86) | |||||
| Master's degree | 79.8 | (0.70) | 6.3 | (0.47) | 10.8 | (0.55) | 3.1 | (0.29) | 82.9 | (1.43) | 2.8 | (0.58) | 10.8 | (1.22) | 3.6 | (0.71) | ||||||||
| Education specialist4 | 80.4 | (1.06) | 4.5 | (0.52) | 11.7 | (0.79) | 3.3 | (0.55) | 81.5 | (3.49) | 2.7 | ! | (1.26) | 7.9 | (2.25) | 7.9 | ! | (2.78) | ||||||
| Doctor's or first professional | 77.0 | (1.76) | 7.1 | (1.14) | 12.7 | (1.40) | 3.3 | (0.68) | 86.2 | (2.94) | ‡ | (†) | 7.3 | ! | (2.26) | 4.9 | ! | (1.76) | ||||||
School level |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elementary | 81.6 | (0.78) | 5.8 | (0.51) | 9.5 | (0.60) | 3.0 | (0.33) | 80.8 | (1.93) | 3.2 | (0.79) | 10.8 | (1.49) | 5.2 | (0.96) | ||||||||
| Middle | 80.9 | (1.23) | 6.1 | (0.73) | 10.3 | (0.90) | 2.8 | (0.53) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||||||
| Secondary/high | 75.1 | (1.16) | 6.1 | (0.74) | 15.3 | (1.07) | 3.5 | (0.53) | 82.7 | (1.96) | 2.6 | ! | (0.93) | 11.1 | (1.60) | 3.7 | ! | (1.11) | ||||||
| Combined/other | 76.4 | (2.15) | 5.5 | (1.07) | 13.3 | (1.55) | 4.8 | (1.24) | 85.7 | (1.79) | 1.4 | ! | (0.49) | 6.9 | (1.05) | 6.1 | (1.50) | |||||||
Enrollment size of school |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 150 | 81.3 | (6.32) | ‡ | (†) | 10.6 | ! | (4.86) | ‡ | (†) | 80.9 | (1.92) | 2.7 | (0.73) | 9.8 | (1.42) | 6.6 | (1.12) | |||||||
| 150 to 349 | 73.2 | (2.13) | 7.6 | (1.56) | 13.8 | (1.91) | 5.4 | (1.07) | 85.9 | (1.65) | 1.9 | ! | (0.64) | 9.8 | (1.52) | 2.4 | ! | (0.82) | ||||||
| 350 to 499 | 79.6 | (1.08) | 6.3 | (0.68) | 10.2 | (0.79) | 3.8 | (0.52) | 81.7 | (3.19) | 3.5 | ! | (1.35) | 9.8 | (2.45) | 5.0 | ! | (1.73) | ||||||
| 500 to 749 | 80.2 | (1.16) | 5.4 | (0.60) | 11.7 | (0.97) | 2.7 | (0.52) | 87.2 | (3.04) | ‡ | (†) | 7.2 | ! | (2.18) | 3.9 | ! | (1.96) | ||||||
| 750 or more | 82.0 | (1.08) | 5.5 | (0.68) | 9.8 | (0.84) | 2.8 | (0.47) | 85.9 | (3.43) | ‡ | (†) | 10.3 | ! | (3.22) | ‡ | (†) | |||||||
|
Percent of students who are American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black, Hispanic, Pacific Islander, or of Two or more races |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 10 percent | 82.5 | (1.48) | 2.6 | (0.65) | 12.5 | (1.42) | 2.5 | (0.57) | 81.2 | (3.40) | ‡ | (†) | 12.6 | (2.72) | 4.0 | ! | (1.77) | |||||||
| 10 to less than 25 percent | 81.2 | (1.21) | 6.0 | (0.73) | 9.9 | (0.88) | 3.0 | (0.57) | 82.7 | (2.61) | 3.1 | ! | (1.16) | 9.2 | (1.85) | 5.0 | ! | (1.51) | ||||||
| 25 to less than 50 percent | 80.0 | (1.20) | 5.1 | (0.72) | 12.7 | (1.00) | 2.2 | (0.44) | 83.4 | (1.72) | 2.2 | (0.63) | 9.5 | (1.36) | 4.8 | (1.05) | ||||||||
| 50 to less than 75 percent | 78.4 | (1.29) | 6.8 | (0.82) | 11.5 | (0.99) | 3.2 | (0.61) | 80.1 | (4.27) | ‡ | (†) | 9.9 | ! | (3.37) | 8.6 | ! | (3.07) | ||||||
| 75 to less than 90 percent | 77.5 | (1.78) | 8.5 | (1.33) | 10.6 | (1.19) | 3.4 | (0.78) | 83.3 | (4.10) | ‡ | (†) | 10.3 | ! | (3.31) | ‡ | (†) | |||||||
| 90 percent or more | 79.2 | (1.30) | 6.3 | (0.85) | 9.4 | (0.97) | 5.0 | (0.76) | 88.8 | (3.26) | ‡ | (†) | 4.8 | ! | (1.90) | ‡ | (†) | |||||||
|
Percent of students approved for free or reduced-price lunch5 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0 to 25.0 percent | 82.3 | (1.26) | 4.5 | (0.81) | 10.6 | (1.05) | 2.6 | (0.52) | 78.1 | (3.95) | ‡ | (†) | 15.5 | (3.76) | 3.6 | ! | (1.72) | |||||||
| 25.1 to 50.0 percent | 80.8 | (1.23) | 6.1 | (0.78) | 11.1 | (0.96) | 1.9 | (0.37) | 88.7 | (4.34) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 6.6 | ! | (3.23) | |||||||
| 50.1 to 75.0 percent | 80.3 | (1.29) | 5.7 | (0.74) | 11.5 | (0.99) | 2.5 | (0.58) | 76.3 | (8.33) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||||||
| More than 75.0 percent | 77.4 | (0.96) | 6.8 | (0.57) | 11.6 | (0.75) | 4.2 | (0.40) | 83.1 | (4.19) | ‡ | (†) | 7.4 | ! | (2.53) | 7.7 | ! | (3.58) | ||||||
Locale |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| City | 79.8 | (0.96) | 5.8 | (0.67) | 10.8 | (0.77) | 3.6 | (0.46) | 88.0 | (1.39) | 2.1 | (0.62) | 6.6 | (1.07) | 3.3 | (0.81) | ||||||||
| Suburban | 82.1 | (0.95) | 5.8 | (0.60) | 9.6 | (0.69) | 2.5 | (0.40) | 82.6 | (1.70) | 2.9 | (0.65) | 10.6 | (1.41) | 3.9 | (0.84) | ||||||||
| Town | 75.1 | (1.35) | 6.0 | (0.78) | 15.0 | (1.23) | 3.9 | (0.72) | 79.3 | (3.67) | ‡ | (†) | 9.7 | (2.62) | 9.0 | (2.10) | ||||||||
| Rural | 78.7 | (1.11) | 6.1 | (0.65) | 11.8 | (0.96) | 3.4 | (0.49) | 75.3 | (4.15) | ‡ | (†) | 13.4 | (3.11) | 8.8 | ! | (2.72) | |||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| !Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1The school reported that the principal had left, but it was unable to report on the current occupational status of the principal. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2Includes those who were on leave (e.g., maternity/paternity, military, disability, or sabbatical). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3Principals were asked whether they were male or female. Although this variable is labeled "sex," the questionnaire did not use either the term "gender" or "sex." | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4Education specialist degrees or certificates are generally awarded for 1 year's work beyond the master's level. Includes certificate of advanced graduate studies. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5About 80 percent of sampled private schools were coded as missing or not applicable on this variable and were thus excluded from this table. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Teacher and Principal Survey (NTPS), "Public School Principal Data File," 2020-21; and NTPS Principal Follow-up Survey (PFS), "Public School Principal Status Data File" and "Private School Principal Status Data File," 2021–22. (This table was prepared September 2023.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
