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| 2023 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected student, family, or school characteristic | Less than high school | High school diploma or equivalent1 | Certificate2 | Associate's degree | Bachelor's degree | Graduate or professional degree | Don't know | ||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 5.0 | (0.30) | 13.3 | (0.40) | 6.5 | (0.31) | 4.6 | (0.29) | 17.1 | (0.48) | 26.4 | (0.58) | 27.0 | (0.54) | |||||||
Sex | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Female | 4.7 | (0.43) | 11.7 | (0.56) | 4.5 | (0.35) | 4.4 | (0.37) | 16.8 | (0.62) | 32.0 | (0.89) | 25.9 | (0.81) | |||||||
| Male | 5.3 | (0.41) | 14.8 | (0.58) | 8.4 | (0.48) | 4.9 | (0.41) | 17.4 | (0.67) | 21.2 | (0.70) | 28.0 | (0.78) | |||||||
Race/ethnicity | |||||||||||||||||||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 3.3 | (0.97) | 15.6 | (1.72) | 6.1 | (1.03) | 7.1 | (1.49) | 11.4 | (1.68) | 21.2 | (2.03) | 35.3 | (2.20) | |||||||
| Asian | 2.4 | (0.51) | 5.1 | (0.77) | 1.8 | (0.36) | 3.5 | (0.83) | 19.9 | (1.22) | 39.5 | (2.25) | 27.7 | (2.11) | |||||||
| Black | 8.1 | (1.08) | 18.8 | (1.22) | 5.2 | (0.62) | 4.7 | (0.61) | 14.0 | (1.16) | 27.3 | (1.40) | 21.9 | (1.27) | |||||||
| Hispanic | 3.5 | (0.51) | 17.0 | (0.83) | 6.3 | (0.60) | 4.6 | (0.62) | 13.8 | (0.73) | 23.6 | (0.96) | 31.2 | (0.90) | |||||||
| Pacific Islander | ‡ | (†) | 13.2 | ! | (5.08) | 16.1 | ! | (7.42) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 9.6 | ! | (3.48) | 47.9 | (9.07) | ||||
| White | 5.2 | (0.40) | 10.5 | (0.57) | 7.6 | (0.49) | 4.9 | (0.38) | 20.0 | (0.80) | 26.4 | (0.94) | 25.4 | (0.89) | |||||||
| Two or more races | 5.9 | (0.96) | 10.4 | (1.25) | 6.1 | (0.99) | 3.3 | (0.83) | 17.6 | (1.50) | 28.0 | (1.85) | 28.7 | (2.06) | |||||||
Native language3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Monolingual | 5.2 | (0.31) | 13.1 | (0.44) | 6.6 | (0.34) | 4.8 | (0.31) | 17.2 | (0.52) | 26.6 | (0.64) | 26.6 | (0.57) | |||||||
| English | 5.6 | (0.33) | 12.9 | (0.48) | 6.6 | (0.35) | 4.7 | (0.33) | 18.0 | (0.56) | 26.2 | (0.72) | 25.9 | (0.66) | |||||||
| Spanish | 2.6 | (0.66) | 16.2 | (1.31) | 8.7 | (1.24) | 4.9 | (1.35) | 11.0 | (1.30) | 24.7 | (1.65) | 31.8 | (2.12) | |||||||
| Another language | 2.8 | (0.80) | 6.8 | (1.30) | 1.2 | (0.35) | 4.5 | ! | (1.54) | 16.1 | (1.85) | 41.4 | (2.91) | 27.1 | (2.88) | ||||||
| Bilingual | 3.4 | (0.71) | 15.7 | (1.39) | 5.2 | (0.90) | 3.5 | (0.61) | 16.6 | (1.22) | 25.1 | (1.43) | 30.5 | (1.68) | |||||||
Parents/guardians in the primary household4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Two parents | 4.8 | (0.31) | 11.9 | (0.44) | 6.3 | (0.37) | 4.8 | (0.33) | 18.4 | (0.59) | 27.4 | (0.68) | 26.4 | (0.64) | |||||||
| One parent | 6.0 | (0.59) | 17.6 | (0.97) | 7.2 | (0.62) | 4.1 | (0.59) | 13.2 | (0.91) | 23.4 | (1.09) | 28.4 | (1.16) | |||||||
| Nonparental guardian(s) | ‡ | (†) | 21.9 | (5.14) | 7.1 | ! | (2.69) | ‡ | (†) | 8.3 | ! | (2.88) | 18.8 | (4.35) | 37.5 | (5.08) | |||||
Highest level of education attained by either parent | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than high school completion | 7.1 | (1.21) | 20.8 | (1.92) | 8.4 | (1.33) | 3.5 | (0.80) | 12.6 | (1.67) | 17.0 | (1.64) | 30.7 | (2.23) | |||||||
| High school diploma or equivalent1 | 5.6 | (0.64) | 21.6 | (0.97) | 7.1 | (0.64) | 5.0 | (0.75) | 13.4 | (0.95) | 19.2 | (1.09) | 28.0 | (1.13) | |||||||
| Completed a credential beyond high school, no bachelor's degree5 | 5.3 | (0.56) | 15.1 | (0.98) | 8.6 | (0.64) | 5.7 | (0.52) | 15.5 | (0.92) | 21.2 | (0.88) | 28.6 | (1.19) | |||||||
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 4.4 | (0.34) | 8.3 | (0.46) | 5.2 | (0.35) | 4.1 | (0.35) | 19.9 | (0.64) | 32.7 | (0.83) | 25.4 | (0.73) | |||||||
Socioeconomic status6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Lowest fifth | 5.6 | (0.57) | 22.6 | (1.13) | 8.2 | (0.80) | 5.5 | (0.76) | 14.5 | (0.86) | 19.6 | (1.11) | 24.0 | (1.13) | |||||||
| Middle three-fifths | 5.3 | (0.42) | 13.2 | (0.54) | 7.1 | (0.39) | 4.6 | (0.38) | 16.1 | (0.54) | 23.7 | (0.69) | 29.9 | (0.70) | |||||||
| Highest fifth | 3.6 | (0.50) | 4.5 | (0.60) | 3.2 | (0.48) | 3.9 | (0.60) | 22.6 | (1.03) | 41.2 | (1.38) | 21.0 | (1.10) | |||||||
Growth mindset: most people can learn to be good at math | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Slightly to strongly agree | 4.9 | (0.32) | 13.1 | (0.46) | 6.5 | (0.35) | 4.7 | (0.31) | 17.8 | (0.55) | 27.0 | (0.65) | 26.1 | (0.61) | |||||||
| Slightly to strongly disagree | 5.9 | (0.90) | 15.1 | (1.28) | 6.8 | (0.94) | 5.2 | (0.94) | 12.9 | (1.33) | 25.3 | (2.07) | 28.9 | (1.65) | |||||||
Mathematics achievement by quintile rank | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Lowest fifth | 6.8 | (0.85) | 23.1 | (1.11) | 7.3 | (0.66) | 3.5 | (0.44) | 7.9 | (0.66) | 16.3 | (0.95) | 35.1 | (1.11) | |||||||
| Middle three-fifths | 5.3 | (0.32) | 13.3 | (0.47) | 7.2 | (0.45) | 5.2 | (0.39) | 17.6 | (0.57) | 24.7 | (0.72) | 26.8 | (0.70) | |||||||
| Highest fifth | 2.6 | (0.37) | 3.9 | (0.49) | 3.7 | (0.67) | 4.3 | (0.58) | 25.4 | (1.31) | 41.1 | (1.42) | 19.0 | (1.59) | |||||||
Reading achievement by quintile rank | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Lowest fifth | 7.6 | (0.75) | 22.2 | (1.07) | 7.4 | (0.55) | 4.0 | (0.61) | 9.1 | (0.86) | 16.3 | (1.05) | 33.4 | (1.09) | |||||||
| Middle three-fifths | 4.9 | (0.34) | 13.1 | (0.47) | 7.4 | (0.46) | 5.2 | (0.43) | 17.4 | (0.58) | 25.4 | (0.71) | 26.7 | (0.69) | |||||||
| Highest fifth | 2.7 | (0.36) | 5.0 | (0.59) | 3.1 | (0.45) | 3.9 | (0.52) | 25.3 | (1.27) | 39.5 | (1.32) | 20.6 | (1.27) | |||||||
School control | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Public | 5.1 | (0.34) | 14.1 | (0.44) | 6.9 | (0.35) | 4.7 | (0.32) | 17.0 | (0.51) | 25.4 | (0.62) | 26.8 | (0.59) | |||||||
| Charter school | 5.5 | (0.77) | 14.6 | (1.56) | 6.4 | (0.77) | 4.8 | (0.56) | 15.6 | (1.21) | 24.3 | (1.57) | 28.8 | (1.72) | |||||||
| Other public7 | 5.0 | (0.35) | 14.1 | (0.47) | 6.9 | (0.37) | 4.7 | (0.33) | 17.1 | (0.55) | 25.5 | (0.67) | 26.7 | (0.63) | |||||||
| Private | 4.7 | (0.53) | 6.0 | (0.74) | 3.4 | (0.38) | 3.8 | (0.72) | 18.3 | (1.15) | 35.5 | (1.39) | 28.3 | (1.03) | |||||||
| Catholic | 4.8 | (0.48) | 5.9 | (0.53) | 3.5 | (0.50) | 3.3 | (0.39) | 17.7 | (1.04) | 37.9 | (1.30) | 26.9 | (1.17) | |||||||
| Other private | 4.7 | (0.84) | 6.1 | (1.27) | 3.4 | (0.58) | 4.2 | (1.24) | 18.7 | (1.88) | 33.6 | (2.20) | 29.3 | (1.64) | |||||||
School locale | |||||||||||||||||||||
| City | 5.5 | (0.57) | 13.6 | (0.83) | 5.2 | (0.45) | 4.3 | (0.52) | 15.3 | (0.79) | 28.4 | (1.19) | 27.6 | (0.79) | |||||||
| Suburb | 4.3 | (0.46) | 12.0 | (0.70) | 6.0 | (0.58) | 4.3 | (0.56) | 18.7 | (0.81) | 27.8 | (1.07) | 27.0 | (1.05) | |||||||
| Town | 6.2 | (1.26) | 16.8 | (1.45) | 8.8 | (1.04) | 5.9 | (0.76) | 16.1 | (1.33) | 22.5 | (1.23) | 23.8 | (1.75) | |||||||
| Rural | 4.9 | (0.57) | 13.4 | (0.92) | 8.4 | (0.63) | 5.0 | (0.51) | 17.7 | (1.13) | 22.9 | (1.00) | 27.6 | (1.01) | |||||||
| †Not applicable. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| !Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1Includes equivalency credentials, such as the GED certificate, the High School Equivalency Test (HiSET), and the Test Assessing Secondary Completion (TASC). | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2Any postsecondary education from a school that provides occupational training, such as a trade school. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 3The first or primary language students learned to speak when they were children. Monolingual includes students who indicated learning to speak English, Spanish, or another language. Bilingual includes those who indicated learning to speak English and Spanish equally or English and another language equally. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 4The parents or guardians living in the home where the student spends the most time. Households with two parents or one parent may include biological parents, adoptive parents, step-parents, foster parents and legal guardians, or grandparents, all of whom are classified as "parents" to the student. Households with nonparental guardians may include aunts, uncles, or unmarried partners of a parent. Some 3.5 percent of ninth-graders who live primarily with one parent and one nonparental guardian are included among those living with two parents. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 5Includes attainment of a postsecondary certificate or associate’s degree from a college or university or an occupational, technical, or trade school. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 6Measured as a composite score based on parental education, parental occupation, and family income. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 7Includes traditional, magnet, virtual, and other noncharter public schools. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: All estimates are weighted by the study respondent weight. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, High School and Beyond Longitudinal Study of 2022 (HS&B:22). (This table was prepared February 2024). | |||||||||||||||||||||
