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Digest of Education Statistics
2023 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest


Table 104.10.Rates of high school completion and bachelor's degree attainment among persons age 25 and over, by race/ethnicity and sex: Selected years, 1910 through 2023
[Standard errors appear in parentheses]
Sex, high school or bachelor's degree attainment, and year Total, percent of all persons age 25 and over American Indian/Alaska Native Asian/Pacific Islander Black Hispanic White Two or more races
Total Asian Pacific Islander
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Total
  High school completion or 
     higher1




















    19102 13.5 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†)
    19202 16.4 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†)
    19302 19.1 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†)
    1940 24.5 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 7.7 3 (---) --- (†) 26.1 3 (---) --- (†)
    1950 34.3 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 13.7 3 (---) --- (†) 36.4 3 (---) --- (†)
 
    1960 41.1 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 21.7 3 (---) --- (†) 43.2 3 (---) --- (†)
    1970 55.2 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 36.1 3 (---) --- (†) 57.4 3 (---) --- (†)
    1975 62.5 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 42.6 3 (---) 38.5 (---) 65.8 3 (---) --- (†)
    1980 68.6 (0.20) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 51.4 (0.81) 44.5 (1.18) 71.9 (0.21) --- (†)
    1985 73.9 (0.18) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 59.9 (0.74) 47.9 (0.99) 77.5 (0.19) --- (†)
 
    1986 74.7 (0.18) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 62.5 (0.72) 48.5 (0.96) 78.2 (0.19) --- (†)
    1987 75.6 (0.17) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 63.6 (0.71) 50.9 (0.94) 79.0 (0.18) --- (†)
    1988 76.2 (0.17) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 63.5 (0.70) 51.0 (0.92) 79.8 (0.18) --- (†)
    1989 76.9 (0.17) --- (†) 82.3 (1.17) --- (†) --- (†) 64.7 (0.69) 50.9 (0.89) 80.7 (0.18) --- (†)
    1990 77.6 (0.17) --- (†) 84.2 (1.09) --- (†) --- (†) 66.2 (0.67) 50.8 (0.88) 81.4 (0.17) --- (†)
 
    1991 78.4 (0.16) --- (†) 84.2 (1.05) --- (†) --- (†) 66.8 (0.66) 51.3 (0.86) 82.4 (0.17) --- (†)
    1992 79.4 (0.16) --- (†) 83.7 (1.02) --- (†) --- (†) 67.7 (0.65) 52.6 (0.85) 83.4 (0.16) --- (†)
    1993 80.2 (0.16) --- (†) 84.2 (1.00) --- (†) --- (†) 70.5 (0.63) 53.1 (0.83) 84.1 (0.16) --- (†)
    1994 80.9 (0.15) --- (†) 84.8 (0.98) --- (†) --- (†) 73.0 (0.61) 53.3 (0.78) 84.9 (0.16) --- (†)
    1995 81.7 (0.15) --- (†) 83.8 (1.06) --- (†) --- (†) 73.8 (0.61) 53.4 (0.78) 85.9 (0.16) --- (†)
 
    1996 81.7 (0.16) --- (†) 83.5 (0.82) --- (†) --- (†) 74.6 (0.53) 53.1 (0.68) 86.0 (0.16) --- (†)
    1997 82.1 (0.14) --- (†) 85.2 (0.75) --- (†) --- (†) 75.3 (0.52) 54.7 (0.54) 86.3 (0.15) --- (†)
    1998 82.8 (0.14) --- (†) 84.9 (0.74) --- (†) --- (†) 76.4 (0.50) 55.5 (0.53) 87.1 (0.14) --- (†)
    1999 83.4 (0.14) --- (†) 84.7 (0.73) --- (†) --- (†) 77.4 (0.49) 56.1 (0.52) 87.7 (0.14) --- (†)
    2000 84.1 (0.13) --- (†) 85.7 (0.71) --- (†) --- (†) 78.9 (0.48) 57.0 (0.51) 88.4 (0.14) --- (†)
 
    2001 84.3 (0.13) --- (†) 87.8 (0.60) --- (†) --- (†) 79.5 (0.47) 56.5 (0.50) 88.7 (0.13) --- (†)
    2002 84.1 (0.09) --- (†) 87.7 (0.44) --- (†) --- (†) 79.2 (0.34) 57.0 (0.34) 88.7 (0.10) --- (†)
    2003 84.6 (0.09) 77.2 (1.64) 87.8 (0.43) 87.8 (0.44) 88.2 (1.87) 80.3 (0.33) 57.0 (0.33) 89.4 (0.09) 86.1 (0.97)
    2004 85.2 (0.09) 77.8 (1.61) 86.9 (0.43) 86.9 (0.44) 88.5 (1.91) 81.1 (0.32) 58.4 (0.32) 90.0 (0.09) 87.2 (0.91)
    2005 85.2 (0.14) 75.6 (2.02) 87.8 (0.62) 87.7 (0.62) 90.1 (2.69) 81.4 (0.44) 58.5 (0.53) 90.1 (0.16) 88.6 (0.83)
 
    2006 85.5 (0.15) 78.5 (2.11) 87.5 (0.71) 87.5 (0.71) 85.7 (2.51) 81.2 (0.43) 59.3 (0.58) 90.5 (0.15) 88.1 (0.90)
    2007 85.7 (0.15) 80.3 (2.27) 88.0 (0.79) 87.9 (0.81) 88.6 (2.30) 82.8 (0.39) 60.3 (0.56) 90.6 (0.15) 89.3 (0.87)
    2008 86.6 (0.15) 78.4 (2.74) 89.0 (0.62) 88.8 (0.64) 94.4 (1.00) 83.3 (0.40) 62.3 (0.58) 91.5 (0.15) 89.5 (1.12)
    2009 86.7 (0.15) 81.5 (1.83) 88.4 (0.61) 88.3 (0.63) 90.8 (1.76) 84.2 (0.44) 61.9 (0.56) 91.6 (0.15) 87.4 (0.96)
    2010 87.1 (0.13) 80.8 (1.76) 89.1 (0.67) 89.1 (0.68) 90.2 (1.95) 84.6 (0.41) 62.9 (0.53) 92.1 (0.14) 88.9 (0.90)
 
    2011 87.6 (0.13) 82.3 (1.77) 88.8 (0.55) 88.7 (0.57) 90.4 (1.61) 84.8 (0.41) 64.3 (0.54) 92.4 (0.14) 89.4 (1.00)
    2012 87.6 (0.15) 81.8 (1.69) 89.2 (0.59) 89.0 (0.61) 91.6 (1.33) 85.7 (0.40) 65.0 (0.59) 92.5 (0.14) 91.0 (0.89)
    2013 88.2 (0.14) 82.2 (1.68) 90.2 (0.51) 90.2 (0.53) 89.5 (1.72) 85.9 (0.42) 66.2 (0.52) 92.9 (0.13) 92.6 (0.75)
    2014 88.3 (0.15) 81.0 (2.01) 89.5 (0.62) 89.5 (0.64) 88.8 (2.15) 86.7 (0.45) 66.5 (0.57) 93.1 (0.17) 93.3 (0.88)
    2015 88.4 (0.12) 83.8 (1.64) 88.9 (0.49) 89.1 (0.51) 85.1 (2.04) 87.7 (0.37) 66.7 (0.48) 93.3 (0.13) 91.6 (0.87)
 
    2016 89.1 (0.13) 84.7 (1.35) 90.7 (0.49) 90.6 (0.51) 93.3 (1.38) 87.7 (0.34) 68.5 (0.48) 93.8 (0.13) 92.8 (0.83)
    2017 89.6 (0.12) 85.3 (1.36) 90.9 (0.47) 90.9 (0.49) 89.3 (2.03) 88.1 (0.37) 70.5 (0.47) 94.1 (0.13) 93.4 (0.71)
    2018 89.8 (0.12) 83.6 (1.32) 90.6 (0.40) 90.6 (0.41) 90.6 (1.77) 88.6 (0.33) 71.6 (0.40) 94.3 (0.13) 93.2 (0.61)
    2019 90.1 (0.12) 87.9 (1.31) 91.3 (0.45) 91.2 (0.46) 93.8 (1.32) 88.8 (0.38) 71.8 (0.48) 94.6 (0.11) 92.6 (0.84)
    2020 90.9 (0.13) 88.6 (1.37) 91.8 (0.47) 91.7 (0.48) 93.1 (1.67) 90.0 (0.33) 74.3 (0.44) 95.1 (0.13) 93.3 (0.92)
 
    2021 91.1 (0.12) 88.0 (1.23) 93.1 (0.41) 93.2 (0.43) 91.1 (2.50) 90.8 (0.30) 74.2 (0.47) 95.1 (0.13) 94.5 (0.66)
    2022 91.2 (0.14) 89.9 (1.08) 92.5 (0.45) 92.5 (0.48) 93.3 (1.64) 90.5 (0.36) 75.2 (0.44) 95.2 (0.13) 94.2 (0.69)
    2023 91.4 (0.15) 90.5 (1.04) 92.4 (0.44) 92.4 (0.45) 92.9 (1.45) 91.3 (0.40) 75.5 (0.52) 95.5 (0.13) 94.4 (0.72)
 
  Bachelor's or higher 
     degree




















    19102,4 2.7 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†)
    19202,4 3.3 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†)
    19302,4 3.9 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†)
    19404 4.6 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 1.3 3 (---) --- (†) 4.9 3 (---) --- (†)
    19504 6.2 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 2.2 3 (---) --- (†) 6.6 3 (---) --- (†)
 
    19604 7.7 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 3.5 3 (---) --- (†) 8.1 3 (---) --- (†)
    19704 11.0 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 6.1 3 (---) --- (†) 11.6 3 (---) --- (†)
    19754 13.9 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 6.4 3 (---) 6.6 (---) 14.9 3 (---) --- (†)
    19804 17.0 (0.16) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 7.9 (0.44) 7.6 (0.63) 18.4 (0.18) --- (†)
    19854 19.4 (0.16) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 11.1 (0.47) 8.5 (0.55) 20.8 (0.19) --- (†)
 
    19864 19.4 (0.16) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 10.9 (0.47) 8.4 (0.53) 20.9 (0.19) --- (†)
    19874 19.9 (0.16) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 10.8 (0.46) 8.6 (0.53) 21.4 (0.19) --- (†)
    19884 20.3 (0.16) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 11.2 (0.46) 10.0 (0.55) 21.8 (0.19) --- (†)
    19894 21.1 (0.16) --- (†) 41.5 (1.51) --- (†) --- (†) 11.7 (0.46) 9.9 (0.53) 22.8 (0.19) --- (†)
    19904 21.3 (0.16) --- (†) 41.7 (1.47) --- (†) --- (†) 11.3 (0.45) 9.2 (0.51) 23.1 (0.19) --- (†)
 
    19914 21.4 (0.16) --- (†) 40.3 (1.42) --- (†) --- (†) 11.5 (0.45) 9.7 (0.51) 23.3 (0.19) --- (†)
    1992 21.4 (0.16) --- (†) 39.3 (1.35) --- (†) --- (†) 11.9 (0.45) 9.3 (0.49) 23.2 (0.19) --- (†)
    1993 21.9 (0.16) --- (†) 42.1 (1.35) --- (†) --- (†) 12.2 (0.45) 9.0 (0.48) 23.8 (0.19) --- (†)
    1994 22.2 (0.16) --- (†) 41.3 (1.34) --- (†) --- (†) 12.9 (0.46) 9.1 (0.45) 24.3 (0.19) --- (†)
    1995 23.0 (0.16) --- (†) 38.5 (1.40) --- (†) --- (†) 13.3 (0.47) 9.3 (0.45) 25.4 (0.19) --- (†)
 
    1996 23.6 (0.17) --- (†) 42.3 (1.09) --- (†) --- (†) 13.8 (0.42) 9.3 (0.40) 25.9 (0.20) --- (†)
    1997 23.9 (0.16) --- (†) 42.6 (1.04) --- (†) --- (†) 13.3 (0.41) 10.3 (0.33) 26.2 (0.19) --- (†)
    1998 24.4 (0.16) --- (†) 42.3 (1.02) --- (†) --- (†) 14.8 (0.42) 11.0 (0.33) 26.6 (0.19) --- (†)
    1999 25.2 (0.16) --- (†) 42.4 (1.01) --- (†) --- (†) 15.5 (0.43) 10.9 (0.33) 27.7 (0.19) --- (†)
    2000 25.6 (0.16) --- (†) 44.4 (1.00) --- (†) --- (†) 16.6 (0.44) 10.6 (0.32) 28.1 (0.19) --- (†)
 
    2001 26.1 (0.16) --- (†) 48.0 (0.92) --- (†) --- (†) 16.1 (0.43) 11.2 (0.32) 28.6 (0.19) --- (†)
    2002 26.7 (0.11) --- (†) 47.7 (0.66) --- (†) --- (†) 17.2 (0.31) 11.1 (0.21) 29.4 (0.14) --- (†)
    2003 27.2 (0.11) 12.6 (1.30) 48.8 (0.65) 50.0 (0.67) 27.0 (2.56) 17.4 (0.31) 11.4 (0.21) 30.0 (0.14) 22.0 (1.17)
    2004 27.7 (0.11) 14.3 (1.36) 48.9 (0.64) 49.7 (0.66) 32.4 (2.81) 17.7 (0.31) 12.1 (0.21) 30.6 (0.14) 21.8 (1.13)
    2005 27.7 (0.23) 14.5 (1.51) 49.3 (0.91) 50.4 (0.93) 24.6 (3.67) 17.6 (0.45) 12.0 (0.31) 30.6 (0.29) 23.2 (1.19)
 
    2006 28.0 (0.20) 12.9 (1.60) 49.1 (1.04) 50.0 (1.06) 26.9 (3.42) 18.6 (0.47) 12.4 (0.32) 31.0 (0.25) 23.1 (1.28)
    2007 28.7 (0.21) 13.1 (1.24) 51.2 (1.02) 52.5 (1.03) 23.8 (3.30) 18.7 (0.51) 12.7 (0.31) 31.8 (0.27) 23.7 (1.30)
    2008 29.4 (0.21) 14.9 (1.52) 51.9 (0.95) 52.9 (0.97) 28.4 (2.86) 19.7 (0.51) 13.3 (0.29) 32.6 (0.26) 24.4 (1.36)
    2009 29.5 (0.21) 17.5 (2.08) 51.6 (0.91) 52.8 (0.95) 28.3 (2.68) 19.4 (0.45) 13.2 (0.34) 32.9 (0.26) 25.5 (1.34)
    2010 29.9 (0.19) 16.0 (1.77) 51.6 (1.04) 52.8 (1.09) 25.6 (2.89) 20.0 (0.51) 13.9 (0.31) 33.2 (0.24) 25.3 (1.30)
 
    2011 30.4 (0.19) 16.1 (1.73) 49.5 (0.92) 50.8 (0.96) 22.1 (2.73) 20.2 (0.50) 14.1 (0.34) 34.0 (0.24) 27.4 (1.27)
    2012 30.9 (0.21) 16.7 (1.82) 50.7 (0.92) 51.9 (0.94) 24.5 (2.75) 21.4 (0.53) 14.5 (0.35) 34.5 (0.27) 27.1 (1.34)
    2013 31.7 (0.21) 15.4 (1.72) 52.5 (0.92) 53.9 (0.93) 25.6 (2.66) 22.0 (0.49) 15.1 (0.34) 35.2 (0.26) 30.6 (1.35)
    2014 32.0 (0.27) 13.8 (1.43) 51.3 (1.00) 52.7 (1.02) 22.3 (3.27) 22.8 (0.66) 15.2 (0.39) 35.6 (0.35) 31.2 (1.81)
    2015 32.5 (0.22) 19.8 (1.32) 52.9 (0.84) 54.4 (0.87) 22.8 (2.39) 22.9 (0.52) 15.5 (0.31) 36.2 (0.28) 30.6 (1.52)
 
    2016 33.4 (0.24) 16.8 (1.39) 55.1 (0.87) 56.4 (0.89) 27.5 (2.92) 23.5 (0.46) 16.4 (0.40) 37.3 (0.31) 30.6 (1.52)
    2017 34.2 (0.24) 20.5 (1.92) 53.9 (0.84) 55.4 (0.88) 25.1 (2.81) 24.3 (0.49) 17.2 (0.35) 38.1 (0.31) 32.6 (1.39)
    2018 35.0 (0.26) 18.8 (1.72) 55.6 (0.81) 57.1 (0.80) 24.1 (2.34) 25.6 (0.53) 18.3 (0.37) 38.8 (0.34) 32.4 (1.40)
    2019 36.0 (0.23) 16.8 (1.40) 57.3 (0.78) 58.6 (0.79) 28.1 (2.78) 26.3 (0.51) 18.8 (0.35) 40.1 (0.33) 34.1 (1.38)
    2020 37.5 (0.24) 19.7 (1.52) 60.3 (0.87) 61.7 (0.87) 29.4 (3.33) 27.9 (0.53) 20.8 (0.46) 41.3 (0.31) 35.2 (1.58)
 
    2021 37.9 (0.24) 20.4 (1.73) 60.4 (0.83) 61.9 (0.84) 26.3 (3.20) 28.3 (0.53) 20.6 (0.40) 41.9 (0.34) 39.0 (1.49)
    2022 37.7 (0.21) 20.2 (1.66) 58.8 (0.79) 60.2 (0.81) 29.4 (3.21) 27.9 (0.57) 20.9 (0.40) 41.8 (0.32) 37.3 (1.35)
    2023 38.3 (0.25) 19.8 (1.71) 61.0 (0.88) 62.9 (0.90) 27.1 (2.59) 29.0 (0.57) 21.5 (0.42) 42.3 (0.32) 37.5 (1.65)
 
Male
  High school completion or 
     higher1




















    1940 22.7 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 6.9 3 (---) --- (†) 24.2 3 (---) --- (†)
    1950 32.6 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 12.6 3 (---) --- (†) 34.6 3 (---) --- (†)
    1960 39.5 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 20.0 3 (---) --- (†) 41.6 3 (---) --- (†)
    1970 55.0 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 35.4 3 (---) --- (†) 57.2 3 (---) --- (†)
    1980 69.2 (0.29) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 51.2 (1.21) 44.9 (1.71) 72.4 (0.31) --- (†)
    1990 77.7 (0.24) --- (†) 86.0 (1.49) --- (†) --- (†) 65.8 (1.01) 50.3 (1.25) 81.6 (0.25) --- (†)
    1995 81.7 (0.22) --- (†) 85.8 (1.46) --- (†) --- (†) 73.5 (0.91) 52.9 (1.11) 86.0 (0.22) --- (†)
 
    1996 81.9 (0.23) --- (†) 86.2 (1.10) --- (†) --- (†) 74.6 (0.80) 53.0 (0.97) 86.1 (0.23) --- (†)
    1997 82.0 (0.21) --- (†) 87.5 (1.00) --- (†) --- (†) 73.8 (0.79) 54.9 (0.76) 86.3 (0.21) --- (†)
    1998 82.8 (0.20) --- (†) 87.9 (0.98) --- (†) --- (†) 75.4 (0.77) 55.7 (0.74) 87.1 (0.21) --- (†)
    1999 83.4 (0.20) --- (†) 86.9 (1.00) --- (†) --- (†) 77.2 (0.74) 56.0 (0.75) 87.7 (0.20) --- (†)
    2000 84.2 (0.19) --- (†) 88.4 (0.94) --- (†) --- (†) 79.1 (0.72) 56.6 (0.73) 88.5 (0.20) --- (†)
 
    2001 84.4 (0.19) --- (†) 90.6 (0.78) --- (†) --- (†) 80.6 (0.69) 55.6 (0.72) 88.6 (0.19) --- (†)
    2002 83.8 (0.14) --- (†) 89.8 (0.58) --- (†) --- (†) 79.0 (0.51) 56.1 (0.48) 88.5 (0.14) --- (†)
    2003 84.1 (0.13) 76.5 (2.33) 89.8 (0.58) 89.8 (0.59) 89.8 (2.61) 79.9 (0.50) 56.3 (0.46) 89.0 (0.14) 87.2 (1.36)
    2004 84.8 (0.13) 77.1 (2.31) 88.8 (0.59) 88.8 (0.60) 88.9 (2.65) 80.8 (0.49) 57.3 (0.45) 89.9 (0.13) 87.8 (1.29)
    2005 84.9 (0.19) 75.6 (2.57) 90.4 (0.65) 90.5 (0.66) 88.5 (3.62) 81.4 (0.60) 57.9 (0.69) 89.9 (0.20) 89.0 (1.19)
 
    2006 85.0 (0.20) 78.1 (2.77) 89.5 (0.84) 89.7 (0.86) 85.8 (3.10) 80.7 (0.63) 58.5 (0.77) 90.2 (0.21) 88.0 (1.36)
    2007 85.0 (0.21) 78.3 (3.58) 90.0 (0.81) 90.1 (0.82) 88.1 (2.75) 82.5 (0.55) 58.2 (0.80) 90.2 (0.22) 89.4 (1.28)
    2008 85.9 (0.19) 77.3 (3.37) 91.0 (0.66) 90.8 (0.69) 95.8 (1.40) 82.1 (0.61) 60.9 (0.72) 91.1 (0.20) 89.6 (1.21)
    2009 86.2 (0.19) 80.0 (2.33) 90.8 (0.66) 90.7 (0.68) 92.1 (2.18) 84.2 (0.60) 60.6 (0.72) 91.4 (0.20) 87.3 (1.26)
    2010 86.6 (0.17) 78.9 (2.46) 91.4 (0.78) 91.5 (0.79) 89.3 (2.84) 84.2 (0.57) 61.4 (0.68) 91.8 (0.19) 88.1 (1.36)
 
    2011 87.1 (0.18) 80.6 (2.35) 90.6 (0.68) 90.6 (0.69) 91.5 (2.22) 84.2 (0.55) 63.6 (0.71) 92.0 (0.17) 88.1 (1.40)
    2012 87.3 (0.19) 81.8 (2.39) 90.6 (0.68) 90.5 (0.70) 93.3 (1.84) 85.1 (0.56) 64.0 (0.73) 92.2 (0.18) 90.2 (1.45)
    2013 87.6 (0.17) 81.0 (2.11) 91.6 (0.57) 91.7 (0.57) 89.3 (2.48) 84.9 (0.62) 64.6 (0.66) 92.7 (0.17) 93.3 (1.03)
    2014 87.7 (0.19) 80.2 (2.30) 91.8 (0.70) 91.9 (0.72) 90.0 (2.68) 86.3 (0.58) 65.1 (0.74) 92.5 (0.22) 93.8 (1.08)
    2015 88.0 (0.16) 81.9 (2.12) 90.9 (0.56) 91.3 (0.58) 84.9 (2.83) 87.2 (0.48) 65.5 (0.63) 93.0 (0.16) 92.5 (1.23)
 
    2016 88.5 (0.17) 84.1 (2.07) 92.3 (0.58) 92.2 (0.60) 94.9 (1.58) 87.0 (0.51) 67.2 (0.63) 93.4 (0.19) 92.8 (1.15)
    2017 89.1 (0.16) 83.0 (1.96) 92.5 (0.55) 92.7 (0.55) 89.1 (2.77) 87.4 (0.53) 69.5 (0.59) 93.7 (0.18) 93.2 (1.15)
    2018 89.4 (0.16) 79.3 (1.93) 92.8 (0.48) 92.9 (0.49) 92.2 (2.31) 88.3 (0.48) 70.7 (0.53) 93.9 (0.18) 92.5 (1.02)
    2019 89.6 (0.16) 84.1 (1.96) 92.8 (0.52) 92.8 (0.54) 93.3 (2.11) 88.1 (0.54) 70.8 (0.59) 94.2 (0.15) 91.0 (1.17)
    2020 90.6 (0.17) 86.2 (2.18) 92.8 (0.54) 92.8 (0.56) 92.6 (2.71) 89.1 (0.50) 73.8 (0.57) 94.8 (0.16) 92.6 (1.18)
 
    2021 90.5 (0.17) 85.4 (1.83) 94.3 (0.44) 94.4 (0.46) 92.2 (2.76) 90.7 (0.44) 72.6 (0.66) 94.7 (0.17) 93.4 (1.04)
    2022 90.6 (0.18) 89.0 (1.52) 93.8 (0.48) 93.7 (0.50) 95.0 (1.45) 89.8 (0.54) 74.0 (0.60) 94.7 (0.16) 93.5 (1.06)
    2023 90.9 (0.18) 89.7 (1.51) 93.3 (0.48) 93.3 (0.50) 92.3 (2.03) 90.6 (0.56) 74.3 (0.72) 95.1 (0.17) 94.4 (1.07)
 
  Bachelor's or higher 
     degree




















    19404 5.5 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 1.4 3 (---) --- (†) 5.9 3 (---) --- (†)
    19504 7.3 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 2.1 3 (---) --- (†) 7.9 3 (---) --- (†)
    19604 9.7 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 3.5 3 (---) --- (†) 10.3 3 (---) --- (†)
    19704 14.1 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 6.8 3 (---) --- (†) 15.0 3 (---) --- (†)
    19804 20.9 (0.26) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 7.7 (0.65) 9.2 (0.99) 22.7 (0.29) --- (†)
    19904 24.4 (0.25) --- (†) 45.9 (2.14) --- (†) --- (†) 11.9 (0.69) 9.8 (0.74) 26.7 (0.28) --- (†)
    1995 26.0 (0.25) --- (†) 42.3 (2.06) --- (†) --- (†) 13.7 (0.71) 10.1 (0.67) 28.9 (0.29) --- (†)
 
    1996 26.0 (0.26) --- (†) 46.9 (1.59) --- (†) --- (†) 12.5 (0.61) 10.3 (0.59) 28.8 (0.30) --- (†)
    1997 26.2 (0.24) --- (†) 48.0 (1.51) --- (†) --- (†) 12.5 (0.60) 10.6 (0.47) 29.0 (0.28) --- (†)
    1998 26.5 (0.24) --- (†) 46.0 (1.50) --- (†) --- (†) 14.0 (0.62) 11.1 (0.47) 29.3 (0.28) --- (†)
    1999 27.5 (0.24) --- (†) 46.3 (1.48) --- (†) --- (†) 14.3 (0.62) 10.7 (0.46) 30.6 (0.28) --- (†)
    2000 27.8 (0.24) --- (†) 48.1 (1.47) --- (†) --- (†) 16.4 (0.65) 10.7 (0.45) 30.8 (0.28) --- (†)
 
    2001 28.0 (0.24) --- (†) 52.9 (1.33) --- (†) --- (†) 15.9 (0.64) 11.1 (0.45) 30.9 (0.28) --- (†)
    2002 28.5 (0.17) --- (†) 51.5 (0.96) --- (†) --- (†) 16.5 (0.47) 11.0 (0.30) 31.7 (0.20) --- (†)
    2003 28.9 (0.17) 13.1 (1.85) 52.8 (0.96) 54.2 (0.98) 25.7 (3.76) 16.8 (0.47) 11.2 (0.29) 32.3 (0.20) 21.9 (1.69)
    2004 29.4 (0.17) 15.6 (1.99) 52.9 (0.93) 54.0 (0.95) 31.9 (3.94) 16.6 (0.46) 11.8 (0.30) 32.9 (0.20) 20.7 (1.60)
    2005 28.9 (0.29) 17.0 (2.30) 53.0 (1.10) 54.3 (1.13) 25.1 (4.70) 16.0 (0.64) 11.8 (0.43) 32.4 (0.37) 23.1 (1.67)
 
    2006 29.2 (0.24) 13.7 (2.07) 51.9 (1.33) 53.1 (1.35) 26.6 (4.67) 17.5 (0.63) 11.9 (0.40) 32.8 (0.31) 22.6 (1.75)
    2007 29.5 (0.25) 12.7 (1.89) 54.2 (1.31) 55.8 (1.32) 19.2 (4.14) 18.1 (0.62) 11.8 (0.37) 33.2 (0.33) 21.5 (1.81)
    2008 30.1 (0.25) 14.6 (2.15) 54.9 (1.24) 56.1 (1.24) 27.5 (3.64) 18.7 (0.67) 12.6 (0.39) 33.8 (0.33) 22.7 (1.62)
    2009 30.1 (0.28) 16.1 (2.96) 54.8 (1.14) 56.5 (1.17) 23.0 (3.35) 17.9 (0.57) 12.5 (0.41) 33.9 (0.36) 24.4 (1.92)
    2010 30.3 (0.23) 13.5 (2.61) 54.6 (1.26) 56.2 (1.30) 18.0 (3.74) 17.9 (0.59) 12.9 (0.37) 34.2 (0.30) 24.8 (1.86)
 
    2011 30.8 (0.23) 14.1 (1.98) 52.4 (1.15) 54.0 (1.21) 19.1 (3.55) 18.4 (0.64) 13.1 (0.44) 35.0 (0.29) 25.7 (1.91)
    2012 31.4 (0.27) 16.1 (2.27) 53.1 (1.26) 54.4 (1.29) 24.1 (3.34) 19.5 (0.62) 13.3 (0.45) 35.5 (0.33) 25.2 (1.85)
    2013 32.0 (0.25) 14.0 (2.13) 55.1 (1.17) 56.9 (1.20) 23.1 (3.32) 20.2 (0.64) 13.9 (0.43) 36.0 (0.31) 29.0 (1.78)
    2014 31.9 (0.32) 14.8 (2.46) 53.7 (1.33) 55.5 (1.34) 16.7 (3.42) 21.0 (0.88) 14.2 (0.51) 35.9 (0.41) 29.2 (2.56)
    2015 32.3 (0.27) 18.1 (2.14) 55.6 (1.11) 57.3 (1.16) 24.4 (2.87) 21.1 (0.63) 14.3 (0.38) 36.3 (0.35) 27.2 (2.14)
 
    2016 33.2 (0.29) 16.5 (1.87) 57.7 (1.05) 59.4 (1.10) 22.2 (3.65) 21.8 (0.62) 15.4 (0.48) 37.2 (0.37) 25.6 (2.06)
    2017 33.7 (0.28) 17.7 (1.93) 55.7 (1.10) 57.2 (1.14) 26.2 (3.61) 22.6 (0.61) 15.8 (0.41) 37.8 (0.37) 30.3 (1.87)
    2018 34.6 (0.30) 15.4 (1.78) 58.5 (1.01) 60.1 (1.02) 23.6 (3.59) 23.7 (0.73) 16.6 (0.45) 38.9 (0.40) 30.0 (2.05)
    2019 35.4 (0.30) 12.9 (1.59) 59.4 (1.00) 60.9 (1.01) 24.8 (4.02) 24.4 (0.72) 16.9 (0.43) 39.9 (0.43) 31.1 (2.11)
    2020 36.7 (0.29) 18.2 (2.05) 62.3 (1.00) 63.6 (1.00) 31.5 (4.19) 24.4 (0.75) 19.4 (0.63) 41.0 (0.40) 28.8 (2.15)
 
    2021 36.6 (0.29) 17.5 (2.22) 63.1 (1.06) 64.7 (1.10) 28.0 (4.31) 24.9 (0.75) 18.9 (0.57) 40.8 (0.40) 33.7 (2.16)
    2022 36.2 (0.26) 15.5 (1.98) 61.2 (1.00) 62.9 (0.98) 23.3 (4.16) 25.0 (0.76) 18.9 (0.51) 40.6 (0.38) 30.9 (2.36)
    2023 36.9 (0.28) 15.4 (2.27) 63.0 (1.06) 65.1 (1.09) 23.1 (3.28) 26.2 (0.76) 19.6 (0.57) 41.0 (0.38) 35.2 (2.43)
 
Female
  High school completion or 
     higher1




















    1940 26.3 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 8.4 3 (---) --- (†) 28.1 3 (---) --- (†)
    1950 36.0 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 14.7 3 (---) --- (†) 38.2 3 (---) --- (†)
    1960 42.5 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 23.1 3 (---) --- (†) 44.7 3 (---) --- (†)
    1970 55.4 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 36.6 3 (---) --- (†) 57.7 3 (---) --- (†)
    1980 68.1 (0.28) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 51.5 (1.08) 44.2 (1.63) 71.5 (0.30) --- (†)
    1990 77.5 (0.23) --- (†) 82.5 (1.57) --- (†) --- (†) 66.5 (0.90) 51.3 (1.23) 81.3 (0.24) --- (†)
    1995 81.6 (0.21) --- (†) 81.9 (1.54) --- (†) --- (†) 74.1 (0.81) 53.8 (1.09) 85.8 (0.22) --- (†)
 
    1996 81.6 (0.22) --- (†) 81.0 (1.21) --- (†) --- (†) 74.6 (0.71) 53.3 (0.97) 85.9 (0.22) --- (†)
    1997 82.2 (0.20) --- (†) 82.9 (1.11) --- (†) --- (†) 76.5 (0.68) 54.6 (0.76) 86.3 (0.20) --- (†)
    1998 82.9 (0.19) --- (†) 82.3 (1.09) --- (†) --- (†) 77.1 (0.67) 55.3 (0.75) 87.1 (0.20) --- (†)
    1999 83.3 (0.19) --- (†) 82.8 (1.06) --- (†) --- (†) 77.5 (0.66) 56.3 (0.73) 87.6 (0.19) --- (†)
    2000 84.0 (0.19) --- (†) 83.4 (1.03) --- (†) --- (†) 78.7 (0.64) 57.5 (0.71) 88.4 (0.19) --- (†)
 
    2001 84.2 (0.18) --- (†) 85.2 (0.91) --- (†) --- (†) 78.6 (0.64) 57.4 (0.70) 88.8 (0.19) --- (†)
    2002 84.4 (0.13) --- (†) 85.7 (0.64) --- (†) --- (†) 79.4 (0.45) 57.9 (0.48) 88.9 (0.13) --- (†)
    2003 85.0 (0.13) 77.9 (2.30) 86.1 (0.62) 86.1 (0.64) 86.9 (2.63) 80.7 (0.44) 57.8 (0.46) 89.7 (0.13) 85.1 (1.38)
    2004 85.4 (0.12) 78.6 (2.24) 85.3 (0.63) 85.1 (0.64) 88.1 (2.76) 81.2 (0.43) 59.5 (0.46) 90.1 (0.12) 86.5 (1.29)
    2005 85.5 (0.15) 75.6 (2.29) 85.4 (0.76) 85.2 (0.78) 91.7 (2.46) 81.5 (0.53) 59.1 (0.63) 90.3 (0.18) 88.1 (1.12)
 
    2006 85.9 (0.16) 78.9 (2.18) 85.6 (0.82) 85.6 (0.81) 85.7 (3.08) 81.5 (0.51) 60.1 (0.59) 90.8 (0.17) 88.2 (1.11)
    2007 86.4 (0.15) 81.9 (1.91) 86.1 (0.93) 86.0 (0.97) 89.1 (2.40) 83.0 (0.49) 62.5 (0.56) 91.0 (0.16) 89.2 (1.22)
    2008 87.2 (0.17) 79.2 (2.95) 87.2 (0.75) 87.0 (0.78) 93.0 (1.57) 84.2 (0.49) 63.7 (0.61) 91.8 (0.18) 89.5 (1.53)
    2009 87.1 (0.16) 82.7 (1.96) 86.4 (0.73) 86.3 (0.75) 89.7 (2.33) 84.2 (0.48) 63.3 (0.59) 91.9 (0.17) 87.6 (1.16)
    2010 87.6 (0.15) 82.5 (1.95) 87.2 (0.72) 87.1 (0.75) 90.9 (2.41) 85.0 (0.46) 64.4 (0.59) 92.3 (0.17) 89.7 (1.13)
 
    2011 88.0 (0.15) 83.8 (2.00) 87.1 (0.64) 87.0 (0.66) 89.5 (2.25) 85.3 (0.50) 65.1 (0.57) 92.8 (0.16) 90.7 (1.22)
    2012 88.0 (0.17) 81.8 (1.84) 87.9 (0.64) 87.8 (0.66) 90.1 (2.11) 86.1 (0.46) 66.0 (0.65) 92.7 (0.18) 91.6 (1.13)
    2013 88.6 (0.16) 83.1 (2.16) 89.0 (0.61) 88.9 (0.63) 89.6 (2.01) 86.6 (0.46) 67.9 (0.55) 93.2 (0.16) 92.0 (0.95)
    2014 88.9 (0.17) 81.6 (2.78) 87.4 (0.76) 87.4 (0.77) 87.8 (2.98) 87.0 (0.55) 67.9 (0.61) 93.7 (0.20) 92.8 (1.28)
    2015 88.8 (0.14) 85.6 (2.10) 87.1 (0.60) 87.2 (0.62) 85.3 (2.46) 88.2 (0.43) 67.8 (0.53) 93.5 (0.15) 90.9 (1.14)
 
    2016 89.6 (0.14) 85.2 (1.69) 89.3 (0.55) 89.2 (0.56) 91.8 (2.26) 88.3 (0.39) 69.7 (0.53) 94.3 (0.15) 92.8 (1.07)
    2017 90.0 (0.14) 87.2 (1.52) 89.4 (0.54) 89.4 (0.56) 89.5 (2.20) 88.6 (0.43) 71.6 (0.52) 94.5 (0.14) 93.6 (0.92)
    2018 90.2 (0.13) 87.4 (1.51) 88.6 (0.51) 88.6 (0.52) 89.1 (2.77) 88.7 (0.41) 72.5 (0.48) 94.7 (0.15) 93.7 (0.86)
    2019 90.5 (0.13) 91.3 (1.30) 90.0 (0.52) 89.8 (0.54) 94.2 (1.63) 89.3 (0.43) 72.8 (0.49) 95.0 (0.14) 93.9 (1.02)
    2020 91.3 (0.14) 90.7 (1.35) 90.9 (0.53) 90.8 (0.54) 93.5 (1.93) 90.7 (0.42) 74.8 (0.49) 95.4 (0.15) 93.8 (1.21)
 
    2021 91.6 (0.13) 90.0 (1.46) 92.0 (0.52) 92.1 (0.53) 90.1 (2.79) 90.9 (0.38) 75.9 (0.45) 95.5 (0.15) 95.5 (0.81)
    2022 91.8 (0.15) 90.8 (1.24) 91.4 (0.53) 91.4 (0.56) 92.0 (2.66) 91.2 (0.40) 76.4 (0.54) 95.7 (0.15) 94.8 (0.94)
    2023 91.9 (0.16) 91.2 (1.36) 91.6 (0.52) 91.5 (0.54) 93.4 (1.72) 92.0 (0.41) 76.6 (0.52) 95.9 (0.16) 94.4 (0.92)
 
  Bachelor's or higher 
     degree




















    19404 3.8 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 1.2 3 (---) --- (†) 4.0 3 (---) --- (†)
    19504 5.2 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 2.4 3 (---) --- (†) 5.4 3 (---) --- (†)
    19604 5.8 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 3.6 3 (---) --- (†) 6.0 3 (---) --- (†)
    19704 8.2 (---) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 5.6 3 (---) --- (†) 8.6 3 (---) --- (†)
    19804 13.6 (0.20) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) --- (†) 8.1 (0.59) 6.2 (0.79) 14.4 (0.23) --- (†)
    19904 18.4 (0.21) --- (†) 37.8 (2.01) --- (†) --- (†) 10.8 (0.59) 8.7 (0.69) 19.8 (0.25) --- (†)
    1995 20.2 (0.22) --- (†) 35.0 (1.90) --- (†) --- (†) 13.0 (0.62) 8.4 (0.61) 22.1 (0.26) --- (†)
 
    1996 21.4 (0.23) --- (†) 38.0 (1.50) --- (†) --- (†) 14.8 (0.58) 8.3 (0.53) 23.2 (0.27) --- (†)
    1997 21.7 (0.21) --- (†) 37.4 (1.43) --- (†) --- (†) 14.0 (0.56) 10.1 (0.46) 23.7 (0.25) --- (†)
    1998 22.4 (0.21) --- (†) 38.9 (1.39) --- (†) --- (†) 15.4 (0.58) 10.9 (0.47) 24.1 (0.25) --- (†)
    1999 23.1 (0.22) --- (†) 39.0 (1.37) --- (†) --- (†) 16.5 (0.59) 11.0 (0.46) 25.0 (0.26) --- (†)
    2000 23.6 (0.22) --- (†) 41.0 (1.37) --- (†) --- (†) 16.8 (0.59) 10.6 (0.44) 25.5 (0.26) --- (†)
 
    2001 24.3 (0.22) --- (†) 43.4 (1.26) --- (†) --- (†) 16.3 (0.58) 11.3 (0.45) 26.5 (0.26) --- (†)
    2002 25.1 (0.15) --- (†) 44.2 (0.91) --- (†) --- (†) 17.7 (0.42) 11.2 (0.31) 27.3 (0.19) --- (†)
    2003 25.7 (0.15) 12.2 (1.81) 45.3 (0.89) 46.3 (0.92) 28.0 (3.50) 18.0 (0.43) 11.6 (0.30) 27.9 (0.19) 22.2 (1.61)
    2004 26.1 (0.15) 13.1 (1.84) 45.2 (0.88) 45.7 (0.90) 32.9 (4.01) 18.5 (0.43) 12.3 (0.31) 28.4 (0.19) 22.7 (1.59)
    2005 26.5 (0.23) 12.2 (2.00) 46.0 (1.08) 46.8 (1.10) 24.1 (4.08) 18.9 (0.51) 12.1 (0.42) 28.9 (0.30) 23.3 (1.43)
 
    2006 26.9 (0.22) 12.3 (1.81) 46.6 (1.11) 47.3 (1.15) 27.2 (4.03) 19.5 (0.55) 12.9 (0.39) 29.3 (0.28) 23.6 (1.70)
    2007 28.0 (0.23) 13.4 (1.53) 48.6 (1.07) 49.5 (1.10) 27.9 (4.16) 19.2 (0.59) 13.7 (0.44) 30.6 (0.29) 25.8 (1.58)
    2008 28.8 (0.24) 15.1 (1.75) 49.3 (0.99) 50.1 (1.02) 29.3 (3.82) 20.5 (0.58) 14.1 (0.37) 31.5 (0.29) 26.1 (1.92)
    2009 29.1 (0.21) 18.8 (1.91) 48.8 (0.98) 49.7 (1.02) 32.9 (3.74) 20.6 (0.56) 14.0 (0.41) 31.9 (0.26) 26.6 (1.67)
    2010 29.6 (0.21) 18.2 (1.83) 49.1 (1.12) 49.9 (1.19) 32.2 (4.11) 21.6 (0.63) 14.9 (0.42) 32.4 (0.26) 25.7 (1.59)
 
    2011 30.1 (0.22) 17.9 (2.17) 47.0 (1.04) 48.0 (1.07) 24.7 (3.52) 21.7 (0.60) 15.2 (0.43) 33.1 (0.28) 28.9 (1.70)
    2012 30.6 (0.23) 17.2 (2.13) 48.6 (0.93) 49.7 (0.94) 24.9 (3.70) 22.9 (0.61) 15.8 (0.45) 33.5 (0.30) 28.8 (1.88)
    2013 31.4 (0.24) 16.6 (2.05) 50.2 (0.94) 51.3 (0.96) 28.0 (3.44) 23.4 (0.61) 16.2 (0.42) 34.4 (0.31) 32.0 (1.89)
    2014 32.0 (0.32) 13.1 (1.92) 49.3 (1.12) 50.4 (1.15) 27.1 (4.38) 24.2 (0.75) 16.1 (0.50) 35.3 (0.42) 33.1 (2.08)
    2015 32.7 (0.25) 21.3 (1.71) 50.4 (0.82) 51.8 (0.85) 21.3 (3.13) 24.3 (0.60) 16.6 (0.42) 36.1 (0.32) 33.4 (1.96)
 
    2016 33.7 (0.27) 17.0 (1.78) 52.9 (0.96) 53.8 (0.97) 32.4 (3.94) 24.8 (0.54) 17.4 (0.47) 37.3 (0.32) 35.0 (2.17)
    2017 34.6 (0.28) 22.9 (2.73) 52.3 (0.94) 53.8 (0.97) 24.2 (3.54) 25.7 (0.59) 18.6 (0.48) 38.3 (0.36) 34.6 (1.87)
    2018 35.3 (0.30) 21.7 (2.26) 53.1 (0.90) 54.4 (0.88) 24.6 (3.34) 27.1 (0.63) 20.1 (0.47) 38.8 (0.37) 34.4 (1.84)
    2019 36.6 (0.25) 20.2 (1.95) 55.4 (0.83) 56.6 (0.82) 30.8 (3.50) 27.9 (0.61) 20.8 (0.46) 40.3 (0.34) 36.8 (1.98)
    2020 38.3 (0.27) 21.1 (1.93) 58.6 (0.97) 60.0 (0.97) 27.9 (4.75) 30.8 (0.63) 22.3 (0.54) 41.7 (0.35) 40.6 (2.13)
 
    2021 39.1 (0.26) 22.8 (2.18) 58.0 (0.90) 59.5 (0.89) 24.9 (3.98) 31.1 (0.59) 22.3 (0.43) 42.9 (0.38) 43.5 (2.16)
    2022 39.0 (0.25) 24.6 (2.28) 56.6 (0.88) 57.8 (0.93) 34.2 (4.54) 30.4 (0.70) 22.9 (0.53) 43.0 (0.37) 42.6 (1.80)
    2023 39.7 (0.29) 23.5 (2.13) 59.1 (0.97) 60.8 (0.97) 30.4 (3.71) 31.4 (0.70) 23.3 (0.52) 43.6 (0.39) 39.7 (2.02)
---Not available.
†Not applicable.
1Data for years prior to 1992 are for persons with 4 or more years of high school. Data for later years are for high school completers (i.e., those persons who graduated from high school with a diploma as well as those who completed high school through equivalency programs, such as a GED program).
2Estimates based on Census Bureau reverse projection of 1940 census data on education by age.
3Includes persons of Hispanic ethnicity for years prior to 1980.
4Data for years prior to 1992 are for persons with 4 or more years of college, even if they did not complete a degree.
NOTE: For 1960 and prior years, data were collected in April. For later years, data were collected in March. Data are based on sample surveys of the noninstitutionalized population, which excludes persons living in institutions (e.g., prisons or nursing facilities); data include military personnel who live in households with civilians but exclude those who live in military barracks. Prior to 2005, standard errors were computed using generalized variance function methodology rather than the more precise replicate weight methodology used in later years. Caution should be used when comparing 2019, 2020, and 2021 estimates to those of other years due to the impact that the coronavirus pandemic had on interviewing and response rates. For additional information about the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the Current Population Survey data collection, please see https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity except where otherwise noted.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, U.S. Census of Population: 1960, Vol. I, Part 1; J.K. Folger and C.B. Nam, Education of the American Population (1960 Census Monograph); Current Population Reports, Series P-20, various years; and Current Population Survey (CPS), Annual Social and Economic Supplement, selected years, 1970 through 2023. (This table was prepared October 2023.)

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