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| 2023 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year and race/ethnicity | Number of children living in poverty and with a related householder (in thousands) | Percent of children living in poverty and with a related householder, by family structure1 | |||||||||||||
| Total, all families | Married-couple household, both spouses present | Female householder, no spouse present | Male householder, no spouse present | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||||||||||
| 2012 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 16,029 | (105.8) | 22.2 | (0.14) | 11.1 | (0.11) | 46.1 | (0.22) | 27.1 | (0.37) | |||||
American Indian/Alaska Native2 |
197 |
(6.8) |
36.0 |
(1.07) |
19.2 |
(1.35) |
50.5 |
(1.78) |
46.1 |
(2.70) |
|||||
| Alaska Native | 11 | (1.9) | 35.5 | (4.49) | 16.3 | (4.13) | 57.5 | (6.34) | 38.1 | ! | (12.17) | ||||
| American Indian | 166 | (5.8) | 36.4 | (1.07) | 20.1 | (1.34) | 49.9 | (1.85) | 45.4 | (2.86) | |||||
Asian |
435 |
(13.6) |
13.5 |
(0.41) |
10.3 |
(0.34) |
32.8 |
(1.22) |
23.9 |
(2.18) |
|||||
| Chinese3 | 78 | (4.2) | 11.6 | (0.61) | 9.3 | (0.56) | 26.4 | (2.34) | 16.8 | (3.85) | |||||
| Filipino | 31 | (2.6) | 6.5 | (0.56) | 3.6 | (0.53) | 18.4 | (2.44) | 8.9 | (2.44) | |||||
| Japanese | 4 | (1.0) | 6.2 | (1.37) | 3.7 | ! | (1.23) | 27.7 | ! | (8.72) | ‡ | (†) | |||
| Korean | 29 | (2.8) | 10.8 | (0.98) | 7.8 | (0.79) | 42.9 | (6.36) | 24.3 | ! | (11.23) | ||||
| South Asian | 105 | (6.1) | 11.5 | (0.65) | 10.0 | (0.63) | 31.4 | (4.19) | 33.0 | (6.45) | |||||
| Asian Indian | 52 | (4.2) | 7.2 | (0.56) | 6.1 | (0.54) | 26.1 | (3.99) | 22.0 | (6.18) | |||||
| Bangladeshi | 17 | (2.4) | 35.8 | (4.24) | 34.8 | (4.38) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Bhutanese | ‡ | (†) | 57.5 | (12.55) | 58.5 | (12.54) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Nepalese | 7 | (1.6) | 37.2 | (6.00) | 34.8 | (6.20) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Pakistani | 25 | (3.1) | 23.1 | (2.54) | 20.1 | (2.58) | 41.8 | (12.04) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Sri Lankan | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Southeast Asian | 167 | (8.6) | 25.6 | (1.12) | 19.7 | (1.12) | 44.6 | (2.26) | 35.8 | (4.51) | |||||
| Burmese | 26 | (3.3) | 59.3 | (3.87) | 60.8 | (4.17) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Cambodian | 14 | (2.5) | 24.9 | (3.38) | 17.4 | (4.12) | 49.6 | (7.70) | 16.1 | ! | (6.82) | ||||
| Hmong | 39 | (4.5) | 39.6 | (3.96) | 29.5 | (4.52) | 55.2 | (7.14) | 56.6 | (9.09) | |||||
| Laotian | 13 | (2.1) | 26.9 | (3.78) | 16.3 | (4.40) | 42.9 | (7.00) | 35.1 | (10.33) | |||||
| Thai | 5 | (1.3) | 22.4 | (4.96) | 24.6 | (6.31) | 14.8 | ! | (7.18) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Vietnamese | 67 | (4.5) | 18.0 | (1.08) | 12.9 | (0.98) | 39.4 | (2.72) | 31.3 | (5.50) | |||||
| Other Southeast Asian4 | ‡ | (†) | 27.7 | (8.22) | 23.1 | ! | (7.91) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Other Asian | 21 | (2.5) | 12.5 | (1.41) | 7.9 | (0.87) | 38.5 | (6.83) | 12.9 | ! | (4.63) | ||||
Black |
3,874 |
(36.4) |
39.1 |
(0.33) |
14.9 |
(0.46) |
52.7 |
(0.42) |
37.9 |
(1.08) |
|||||
Hispanic |
5,762 |
(47.6) |
33.4 |
(0.27) |
22.5 |
(0.28) |
52.7 |
(0.51) |
33.9 |
(0.78) |
|||||
| Cuban | 99 | (5.5) | 24.3 | (1.07) | 13.3 | (1.37) | 44.8 | (2.52) | 28.1 | (4.59) | |||||
| Dominican | 178 | (7.5) | 37.7 | (1.32) | 18.6 | (1.60) | 52.6 | (2.02) | 34.8 | (5.19) | |||||
| Mexican | 4,192 | (39.2) | 35.1 | (0.30) | 25.2 | (0.33) | 54.3 | (0.55) | 35.3 | (0.99) | |||||
| Puerto Rican | 545 | (14.8) | 35.1 | (0.75) | 14.0 | (0.80) | 54.2 | (1.22) | 34.5 | (2.55) | |||||
| Spaniard | 25 | (3.6) | 14.5 | (1.89) | 8.2 | (1.34) | 33.6 | (5.09) | 16.3 | ! | (5.44) | ||||
| Central American | 425 | (13.7) | 31.2 | (0.79) | 20.7 | (1.05) | 48.7 | (1.57) | 30.5 | (2.33) | |||||
| Costa Rican | 5 | (1.3) | 15.2 | (3.27) | 7.2 | ! | (3.52) | 29.2 | (7.06) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Guatemalan | 136 | (7.1) | 37.2 | (1.55) | 25.4 | (1.78) | 58.9 | (2.60) | 38.2 | (4.50) | |||||
| Honduran | 86 | (6.2) | 38.4 | (2.04) | 24.2 | (2.90) | 57.6 | (3.21) | 32.5 | (5.29) | |||||
| Nicaraguan | 29 | (3.5) | 28.9 | (2.81) | 22.0 | (3.68) | 43.9 | (5.63) | 31.1 | ! | (10.42) | ||||
| Panamanian | 9 | (1.7) | 17.3 | (2.83) | 4.5 | ! | (2.03) | 30.2 | (5.39) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Salvadoran | 157 | (8.1) | 27.2 | (1.15) | 18.4 | (1.30) | 42.6 | (2.53) | 25.0 | (3.27) | |||||
| Other Central American | ‡ | (†) | 21.3 | ! | (8.43) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| South American | 139 | (8.2) | 18.6 | (0.97) | 11.7 | (0.93) | 37.8 | (2.33) | 19.7 | (3.12) | |||||
| Chilean | 4 | (1.0) | 13.1 | (3.63) | 9.7 | ! | (4.37) | 27.7 | ! | (9.33) | ‡ | (†) | |||
| Colombian | 47 | (4.1) | 18.5 | (1.45) | 11.1 | (1.11) | 38.1 | (3.85) | 19.5 | (5.76) | |||||
| Ecuadorian | 40 | (4.1) | 23.4 | (2.11) | 17.2 | (2.58) | 41.2 | (4.87) | 21.3 | (6.25) | |||||
| Peruvian | 24 | (2.9) | 17.9 | (1.97) | 9.8 | (2.18) | 37.6 | (4.81) | 18.3 | ! | (9.17) | ||||
| Venezuelan | 12 | (2.1) | 19.9 | (2.90) | 13.0 | (3.34) | 42.6 | (8.53) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Other South American | 13 | (1.9) | 12.6 | (1.70) | 6.6 | (1.55) | 30.8 | (5.16) | 16.6 | ! | (8.03) | ||||
| Other Hispanic | 159 | (7.7) | 28.5 | (1.12) | 16.4 | (1.42) | 48.8 | (2.17) | 34.2 | (3.95) | |||||
Pacific Islander |
31 |
(3.0) |
24.7 |
(2.38) |
18.2 |
(2.63) |
36.7 |
(4.63) |
34.6 |
(9.10) |
|||||
| White | 5,026 | (51.8) | 13.2 | (0.14) | 6.8 | (0.10) | 36.5 | (0.31) | 19.2 | (0.42) | |||||
| Some other race5 | 42 | (3.9) | 21.3 | (1.88) | 12.5 | (2.07) | 38.5 | (3.55) | 22.0 | (5.27) | |||||
| Two or more races | 662 | (15.1) | 22.3 | (0.43) | 9.1 | (0.38) | 42.4 | (0.88) | 29.7 | (1.88) | |||||
|
2022 |
|||||||||||||||
| Total | 11,232 | (93.0) | 15.8 | (0.13) | 7.4 | (0.10) | 36.0 | (0.28) | 18.8 | (0.36) | |||||
American Indian/Alaska Native2 |
125 |
(4.6) |
29.8 |
(1.03) |
12.7 |
(1.10) |
46.4 |
(1.79) |
34.2 |
(2.80) |
|||||
| Alaska Native | 7 | (1.0) | 24.7 | (3.39) | 18.3 | (4.92) | 27.9 | (5.57) | 36.8 | (8.25) | |||||
| American Indian | 107 | (4.4) | 30.6 | (1.13) | 10.9 | (1.04) | 49.1 | (1.90) | 33.7 | (2.98) | |||||
Asian |
333 |
(10.3) |
9.3 |
(0.27) |
7.1 |
(0.28) |
23.3 |
(1.18) |
19.0 |
(2.01) |
|||||
| Chinese3 | 71 | (4.3) | 10.3 | (0.59) | 7.3 | (0.51) | 27.0 | (2.31) | 23.4 | (4.40) | |||||
| Filipino | 23 | (3.1) | 6.1 | (0.77) | 4.2 | (0.79) | 15.4 | (2.29) | 7.4 | ! | (3.52) | ||||
| Japanese | ‡ | (†) | 3.3 | (0.81) | 2.1 | ! | (0.80) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Korean | 13 | (1.7) | 6.3 | (0.77) | 4.3 | (0.59) | 26.1 | (6.65) | 16.9 | ! | (7.32) | ||||
| South Asian | 88 | (5.1) | 6.6 | (0.36) | 5.8 | (0.37) | 19.5 | (2.37) | 11.9 | (3.57) | |||||
| Asian Indian | 46 | (3.2) | 4.4 | (0.30) | 3.7 | (0.30) | 16.6 | (2.39) | 9.6 | (2.75) | |||||
| Bangladeshi | 11 | (2.3) | 16.5 | (3.27) | 16.3 | (3.47) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Bhutanese | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Nepalese | ‡ | (†) | 8.9 | ! | (2.92) | 7.6 | ! | (3.23) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||
| Pakistani | 25 | (3.0) | 17.1 | (1.86) | 15.8 | (1.98) | 31.9 | (6.90) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Sri Lankan | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Southeast Asian | 79 | (4.9) | 14.0 | (0.82) | 9.6 | (0.92) | 27.3 | (2.64) | 22.9 | (3.98) | |||||
| Burmese | 17 | (2.6) | 24.5 | (3.38) | 20.4 | (2.92) | 41.7 | ! | (13.56) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Cambodian | 7 | (1.5) | 12.5 | (2.72) | 9.0 | ! | (3.05) | 15.0 | ! | (4.94) | 24.3 | ! | (7.98) | ||
| Hmong | 18 | (2.6) | 19.2 | (2.65) | 12.4 | (2.55) | 30.2 | (7.01) | 25.0 | ! | (8.72) | ||||
| Laotian | ‡ | (†) | 10.5 | ! | (5.04) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Thai | ‡ | (†) | 17.8 | ! | (6.04) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Vietnamese | 31 | (2.5) | 10.4 | (0.86) | 6.7 | (0.90) | 27.6 | (3.31) | 14.6 | (3.55) | |||||
| Other Southeast Asian4 | ‡ | (†) | 8.5 | ! | (3.60) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Other Asian | 57 | (4.8) | 15.7 | (1.23) | 14.0 | (1.26) | 24.7 | (5.13) | 24.5 | (6.53) | |||||
Black |
2,673 |
(35.3) |
29.6 |
(0.37) |
11.5 |
(0.49) |
41.9 |
(0.52) |
26.9 |
(1.34) |
|||||
Hispanic |
3,947 |
(45.9) |
21.5 |
(0.25) |
12.3 |
(0.28) |
38.8 |
(0.44) |
20.2 |
(0.73) |
|||||
| Cuban | 72 | (4.9) | 15.2 | (0.94) | 7.8 | (0.98) | 31.6 | (2.13) | 14.9 | (2.78) | |||||
| Dominican | 153 | (8.5) | 23.0 | (1.03) | 10.3 | (1.18) | 35.7 | (2.04) | 26.8 | (4.54) | |||||
| Mexican | 2,484 | (36.0) | 21.8 | (0.30) | 13.1 | (0.33) | 39.2 | (0.59) | 20.3 | (0.96) | |||||
| Puerto Rican | 409 | (15.2) | 24.2 | (0.84) | 9.2 | (0.90) | 42.7 | (1.30) | 19.3 | (1.95) | |||||
| Spaniard | 21 | (2.1) | 9.1 | (0.84) | 3.9 | (0.81) | 26.5 | (2.92) | 4.8 | ! | (2.01) | ||||
| Central American | 477 | (15.2) | 24.9 | (0.67) | 16.4 | (0.86) | 40.5 | (1.51) | 22.5 | (2.02) | |||||
| Costa Rican | 5 | (1.2) | 11.2 | (2.18) | 3.7 | ! | (1.53) | 33.7 | (7.27) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Guatemalan | 163 | (8.4) | 28.1 | (1.20) | 22.1 | (1.75) | 41.6 | (2.53) | 25.1 | (3.11) | |||||
| Honduran | 124 | (7.5) | 32.1 | (1.68) | 21.4 | (2.31) | 48.5 | (2.85) | 25.7 | (4.06) | |||||
| Nicaraguan | 16 | (2.8) | 14.0 | (2.11) | 10.3 | (2.39) | 22.5 | (3.75) | 15.4 | ! | (7.52) | ||||
| Panamanian | 7 | (1.5) | 11.0 | (2.35) | 6.8 | ! | (2.31) | 17.1 | (4.49) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Salvadoran | 159 | (10.0) | 22.2 | (1.24) | 12.5 | (1.13) | 39.0 | (2.61) | 19.5 | (3.02) | |||||
| Other Central American | ‡ | (†) | 32.9 | ! | (11.59) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| South American | 132 | (8.3) | 12.6 | (0.76) | 7.6 | (0.78) | 27.8 | (1.80) | 14.8 | (2.77) | |||||
| Chilean | 3 | (0.9) | 6.7 | (1.53) | 4.0 | ! | (1.57) | 15.1 | ! | (5.83) | ‡ | (†) | |||
| Colombian | 30 | (3.0) | 10.1 | (0.97) | 5.0 | (0.90) | 22.7 | (3.10) | 20.0 | (5.09) | |||||
| Ecuadorian | 39 | (5.1) | 17.1 | (1.94) | 10.7 | (2.06) | 36.8 | (4.28) | 13.6 | ! | (5.41) | ||||
| Peruvian | 23 | (3.6) | 13.3 | (1.93) | 7.8 | (1.97) | 25.8 | (3.65) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Venezuelan | 25 | (3.2) | 14.3 | (1.68) | 10.8 | (1.88) | 31.4 | (5.23) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Other South American | 12 | (2.1) | 9.1 | (1.61) | 4.5 | ! | (1.44) | 26.0 | (4.81) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Other Hispanic | 197 | (9.9) | 21.0 | (0.90) | 12.0 | (1.01) | 39.4 | (2.11) | 19.8 | (2.08) | |||||
Pacific Islander |
27 |
(3.3) |
19.4 |
(2.24) |
16.0 |
(3.09) |
31.8 |
(3.87) |
8.0 |
(2.40) |
|||||
| White | 3,298 | (36.9) | 9.8 | (0.11) | 5.0 | (0.08) | 29.6 | (0.34) | 14.9 | (0.41) | |||||
| Some other race5 | 83 | (6.2) | 14.8 | (1.05) | 9.2 | (1.04) | 30.4 | (2.45) | 23.4 | (4.39) | |||||
| Two or more races | 745 | (14.9) | 14.5 | (0.26) | 5.3 | (0.26) | 32.4 | (0.75) | 18.6 | (1.07) | |||||
| †Not applicable. | |||||||||||||||
| !Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent. | |||||||||||||||
| ‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater. | |||||||||||||||
| 1Children are classified by the marital status of their parents who are present in the household or, if no parents are present in the household, by the marital status of the householder who is related to the children. Living arrangements with only a "female householder" or "male householder" are those in which the parent or the householder who is related to the child does not have a spouse living in the household. The householder is the person (or one of the people) who owns or rents (maintains) the housing unit. | |||||||||||||||
| 2American Indian/Alaska Native estimates include persons reporting American Indian alone, persons reporting Alaska Native alone, and persons from American Indian and/or Alaska Native tribes specified or not specified. | |||||||||||||||
| 3Includes Taiwanese. | |||||||||||||||
| 4Consists of Indonesian and Malaysian. | |||||||||||||||
| 5Consists of respondents who wrote in some other race that was not included as an option on the questionnaire. | |||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Respondents were interviewed throughout the given year and reported the income they received during the previous 12 months. Data are based on sample surveys of the entire population residing within the United States, but this table includes only children under age 18 who live in a household and are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption; children married to the householder are excluded. The householder is the person (or one of the people) who owns or rents (maintains) the housing unit. This table excludes unrelated children and householders who are themselves under the age of 18. Poverty status is determined by the Census Bureau using a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition. For additional information about poverty status, see https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/poverty/guidance/poverty-measures.html. Poverty estimates in this table may differ from table 102.50's official national poverty estimates, which are based on a different data source (the Current Population Survey). Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. | |||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS), 1-Year Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) data, 2012 and 2022. (This table was prepared November 2023.) | |||||||||||||||
