Gross domestic product per capita and expenditures on education institutions per full-time-equivalent (FTE) student, by level of education and country: Selected years, 2005 through 2019

(582KB)

Table 605.10.

Country	Gross domestic product per capita						Elementary and secondary education expenditures per FTE student¹											Postsecondary expenditures per FTE student¹
Country	2005	2010	2015	2017	2018	2019	2005	2010		2015		2017		2018		2019		2005	2010	2015	2017	2018		2019
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9		10		11		12		13		14	15	16	17	18		19
	Current dollars
OECD average²	$27,957	$33,874	$40,240	$44,050	$45,997	$47,969	$6,147	$8,086		$9,237		$9,867		$10,420		$10,722		$10,111	$12,813	$15,473	$16,408	$17,167		$17,542
Australia³	35,659	42,816	47,227	50,691	52,991	52,732	6,891	10,311		10,745		11,180		12,244		12,496		14,172	16,304	20,304	20,274	20,676		20,625
Austria	35,025	42,021	49,942	54,188	56,956	59,719	---	---		13,935		15,006		15,227		15,375		---	---	17,561	18,975	20,417		21,329
Belgium	33,177	39,838	46,202	50,443	52,531	55,801	7,583	10,458		11,893		12,934		13,298		13,567		12,286	15,450	17,470	19,531	20,434		21,082
Canada⁴	36,328	40,099	44,670	48,317	49,993	49,832	---	9,944	⁵	10,568	⁵	11,309	⁵	11,771	⁵	11,806	⁵	---	---	21,810	24,517	24,326		22,335
Chile	12,601	18,041	22,564	24,479	25,496	25,518	2,140	3,279		4,261		5,881		6,607		6,008		5,969	7,160	6,731	9,433	9,160		10,253
Colombia⁴	8,676	11,206	13,763	14,931	15,815	16,485	---	---		2,727		3,064		3,398		3,737		---	---	4,686	5,570	5,333		4,601
Costa Rica	10,297	13,325	17,649	20,368	21,313	22,738	---	---		---		---		---		---		---	---	---	---	16,705	⁶	16,917	⁶
Czech Republic	22,046	27,768	33,909	38,843	41,157	44,223	4,051	5,763		7,120		8,022		9,207		10,293		6,572	7,954	10,960	11,440	16,148		17,411
Denmark	34,153	43,008	49,058	55,356	57,479	59,884	8,942	11,750		---		11,712		12,181		12,444		14,867	19,553	---	20,292	21,211		21,658
Estonia	16,584	21,590	29,223	33,868	36,489	39,068	3,706	6,214		6,683		7,428		8,408		8,980		3,838	6,750	12,906	14,523	17,485		16,752
Finland	32,052	38,956	42,490	47,570	49,573	51,811	6,638	8,827		10,042		10,131		10,634		11,356		12,332	17,174	17,620	17,726	18,124		18,129
France	30,504	35,912	40,830	44,446	46,337	50,222	7,423	9,118		9,960		10,815		11,190		11,728		11,189	15,145	16,257	16,871	17,404		18,136
Germany	32,237	39,676	47,610	53,071	55,196	57,397	7,071	9,211		10,899		12,126		12,796		13,227		13,057	17,294	17,063	18,382	19,356		19,608
Greece⁴	25,577	27,913	26,760	28,605	29,617	31,156	5,354	---		6,313		6,452		6,935		6,995		6,320	---	4,103	3,300	3,499		4,192
Hungary	17,108	21,742	26,799	29,496	31,909	34,639	---	---		5,984		6,696		7,164		8,051		---	---	8,815	12,720	13,759		12,107
Iceland	37,428	39,780	49,203	55,638	57,208	59,994	8,961	8,798		11,228		13,290		14,316		14,734		9,665	8,937	12,694	15,775	15,378		16,610
Ireland⁷	40,466	43,213	69,166	78,052	84,824	89,846	6,481	9,742		8,508		9,179		9,908		9,942		10,582	---	16,539	16,724	17,130		16,997
Israel	25,511	29,310	35,877	39,464	40,247	40,950	4,579	5,673		---		9,012		9,425		9,369		9,952	10,299	10,651	11,424	12,460		12,683
Italy	30,028	34,839	37,206	41,951	43,428	45,800	7,103	8,163		9,045		9,987		11,181		10,562		7,274	10,055	11,318	12,167	12,281		12,177
Japan⁸	32,174	35,343	40,909	41,531	42,239	42,465	7,471	8,879		10,100		9,989		10,141		10,462		14,653	17,386	19,180	18,888	19,225		19,504
Korea, Republic of	25,187	31,737	37,902	40,957	43,044	43,410	---	---		11,204		12,691		13,969		15,200		---	---	10,268	10,622	11,433		11,287
Latvia	13,914	17,709	24,975	28,690	30,892	32,939	3,033	4,753		6,882		6,763		7,091		7,414		4,270	5,853	10,222	8,342	10,331		12,186
Lithuania	14,511	20,097	28,834	33,762	36,377	39,951	---	4,538		5,312		6,083		6,551		7,270		4,502	7,166	9,695	8,412	9,908		11,039
Luxembourg	68,708	90,256	107,898	114,863	116,335	119,253	---	---		20,706		21,148		21,968		23,516		---	---	49,516	51,851	48,828		51,978
Mexico	12,522	15,229	18,430	20,202	20,561	20,245	2,007	2,543		3,075		2,789		2,894		2,933		6,225	8,125	8,379	6,555	7,844		7,341
Netherlands	37,625	45,044	50,288	55,090	57,825	60,208	7,760	9,890		11,023		11,876		12,642		12,871		15,411	17,601	19,397	20,349	20,871		20,889
New Zealand	25,590	31,127	37,247	42,008	42,334	45,620	5,003	6,397		7,201		7,839		7,830		8,449		10,394	12,920	14,815	16,870	17,237		18,641
Norway	47,801	57,922	60,353	64,050	69,807	69,264	9,793	12,933		14,066		15,110		15,994		15,816		---	18,856	20,552	23,852	25,464		25,019
Poland	13,898	20,633	26,496	29,609	31,662	34,593	3,181	5,580		6,786		7,573	⁹	8,337		8,733		4,774	7,214	9,775	10,012	11,183		12,912
Portugal	22,725	27,262	29,661	33,045	34,929	37,299	5,620	---		8,575		9,823		10,012		10,182		9,636	10,261	11,823	11,774	11,778		11,858
Slovak Republic	16,595	25,222	30,062	30,147	31,374	33,462	2,770	5,278		6,763		6,533		6,955		7,662		5,846	7,192	15,912	11,405	11,992		12,749
Slovenia	23,849	27,823	31,632	36,518	39,008	42,076	7,072	8,668		8,445		9,182		9,595		9,867		---	8,982	10,256	12,730	14,077		15,267
Spain	27,601	31,692	34,945	39,601	40,777	43,136	6,329	8,363		8,228		9,155		9,338		9,682		9,924	13,192	12,664	13,430	13,804		14,237
Sweden	34,244	42,223	49,103	51,948	53,522	56,404	7,672	10,097		11,582		12,626		13,136		13,199		15,550	20,636	24,679	25,200	26,132		26,046
Switzerland	41,245	54,351	65,265	68,194	70,689	72,668	---	---		15,151	⁶	12,058	⁶	12,306	⁶	---		---	---	---	---	---		---
Türkiye	11,911	17,346	25,856	28,193	28,281	28,011	---	---		4,575		4,558		4,709		4,884		---	---	10,409	9,631	10,013		9,455
United Kingdom	32,741	36,584	42,602	46,117	47,219	49,318	7,698	9,423		11,106		11,555		12,171		12,516		---	---	26,506	28,043	29,730		29,688
United States	44,052	48,570	56,521	59,589	62,450	64,690	9,775	11,809		12,595		13,511		14,009		14,671		23,637	25,681	30,001	33,063	34,036		35,347
	Constant 2021 dollars
OECD average²	$42,132	$43,740	$46,657	$48,579	$49,572	$50,244	$9,175	$10,389		$10,726		$10,905		$11,247		$11,253		$14,989	$16,430	$17,948	$18,174	$18,548		$18,418
Australia³	52,827	55,434	58,837	59,937	60,305	59,364	10,209	13,350		13,387		13,220		13,934		14,068		20,994	21,109	25,296	23,971	23,529		23,219
Austria	54,721	57,441	58,655	60,022	61,181	61,830	---	---		16,366		16,622		16,357		15,919		---	---	20,624	21,017	21,931		22,083
Belgium	52,665	54,518	56,208	57,328	58,090	59,071	12,037	14,312		14,468		14,700		14,705		14,362		19,504	21,143	21,253	22,197	22,596		22,317
Canada⁴	49,206	49,406	52,335	53,210	53,921	54,156	---	12,252	⁵	12,381	⁵	12,454	⁵	12,696	⁵	12,830	⁵	---	---	25,553	27,000	26,238		24,273
Chile	20,395	23,580	27,121	27,291	27,877	27,569	3,464	4,286		5,122		6,557		7,223		6,491		9,661	9,357	8,091	10,517	10,015		11,077
Colombia⁴	12,201	14,340	17,045	17,230	17,365	17,517	---	---		3,378		3,535		3,731		3,971		---	---	5,804	6,427	5,856		4,890
Costa Rica	15,436	18,177	20,612	21,850	22,170	22,462	---	---		---		---		---		---		---	---	---	---	17,377	⁶	16,712	⁶
Czech Republic	33,943	37,336	40,507	43,490	44,734	45,904	6,236	7,749		8,505		8,981		10,007		10,684		10,119	10,695	13,093	12,809	17,551		18,073
Denmark	57,621	56,887	59,209	61,951	62,867	63,554	15,086	15,542		---		13,107		13,323		13,206		25,083	25,863	---	22,709	23,199		22,985
Estonia	29,208	29,166	34,901	38,021	39,354	40,651	6,528	8,394		7,982		8,339		9,068		9,344		6,759	9,119	15,414	16,305	18,858		17,430
Finland	50,476	51,701	50,789	53,613	54,145	54,755	10,453	11,715		12,003		11,418		11,615		12,001		19,421	22,793	21,061	19,978	19,796		19,158
France	47,537	48,115	49,446	50,726	51,417	52,122	11,567	12,217		12,062		12,343		12,417		12,171		17,436	20,292	19,688	19,255	19,312		18,822
Germany	49,257	52,918	56,551	58,665	59,062	59,552	10,804	12,285		12,946		13,403		13,692		13,724		19,951	23,066	20,267	20,319	20,712		20,344
Greece⁴	36,711	35,676	29,923	30,288	30,856	31,471	7,684	---		7,059		6,831		7,225		7,066		9,071	---	4,588	3,494	3,645		4,235
Hungary	26,656	26,725	30,056	32,210	33,980	35,647	---	---		6,711		7,313		7,629		8,285		---	---	9,886	13,890	14,653		12,460
Iceland	52,478	51,634	56,727	60,527	61,812	61,918	12,565	11,419		12,944		14,457		15,468		15,207		13,551	11,600	14,635	17,161	16,616		17,142
Ireland⁷	59,820	55,618	74,412	80,905	86,750	90,235	9,581	12,539		9,153		9,515		10,133		9,985		15,644	---	17,793	17,336	17,518		17,070
Israel	31,727	35,711	39,123	41,012	41,866	42,779	5,695	6,913		---		9,365		9,804		9,787		12,377	12,548	11,615	11,872	12,961		13,249
Italy	48,968	46,933	45,051	46,571	47,100	47,445	11,583	10,997		10,952		11,086		12,126		10,942		11,861	13,545	13,704	13,506	13,320		12,615
Japan⁸	39,555	39,371	41,785	42,942	43,282	43,273	9,185	9,891		10,316		10,328		10,391		10,660		18,015	19,367	19,591	19,530	19,700		19,874
Korea, Republic of	30,361	36,460	41,161	43,417	44,486	45,327	---	---		12,167		13,453		14,437		15,871		---	---	11,150	11,260	11,816		11,786
Latvia	22,259	23,183	29,156	31,409	32,916	33,992	4,853	6,223		8,034		7,404		7,555		7,651		6,832	7,663	11,933	9,133	11,008		12,576
Lithuania	23,464	26,684	34,269	37,627	39,505	41,442	---	6,025		6,314		6,779		7,115		7,541		7,280	9,515	11,522	9,375	10,761		11,451
Luxembourg	123,320	129,806	128,682	130,545	129,569	129,867	---	---		24,694		24,035		24,467		25,609		---	---	59,054	58,930	54,382		56,605
Mexico	18,057	18,223	19,911	20,730	20,922	20,609	2,894	3,043		3,322		2,862		2,945		2,986		8,977	9,723	9,052	6,726	7,981		7,474
Netherlands	55,409	58,285	59,337	61,707	62,794	63,605	11,428	12,798		13,006		13,302		13,728		13,597		22,695	22,775	22,887	22,794	22,665		22,067
New Zealand	38,863	39,828	43,538	45,178	46,187	46,531	7,598	8,185		8,417		8,430		8,543		8,617		15,785	16,532	17,317	18,143	18,805		19,014
Norway	75,847	75,213	77,191	78,515	78,870	78,924	15,540	16,794		17,990		18,522		18,071		18,022		---	24,485	26,287	29,239	28,770		28,508
Poland	20,579	25,552	29,843	32,331	34,262	35,811	4,709	6,910		7,644		8,269	⁹	9,022		9,040		7,069	8,933	11,010	10,932	12,101		13,367
Portugal	33,760	34,544	33,806	35,898	36,981	37,963	8,350	---		9,774		10,672		10,600		10,363		14,315	13,002	13,476	12,790	12,470		12,069
Slovak Republic	21,248	27,001	30,570	31,986	33,228	34,020	3,546	5,650		6,878		6,931		7,366		7,790		7,485	7,699	16,181	12,100	12,700		12,962
Slovenia	34,176	36,617	37,119	40,099	41,761	42,850	10,134	11,408		9,910		10,082		10,272		10,048		---	11,821	12,035	13,978	15,070		15,548
Spain	40,674	40,005	40,104	42,439	43,227	43,732	9,326	10,557		9,442		9,811		9,899		9,816		14,625	16,653	14,533	14,393	14,633		14,434
Sweden	50,835	53,465	56,975	58,115	58,564	59,125	11,389	12,785		13,439		14,125		14,374		13,836		23,083	26,130	28,636	28,192	28,594		27,302
Switzerland	65,897	70,604	72,888	73,897	75,453	75,773	---	---		16,920	⁶	13,067	⁶	13,136	⁶	---		---	---	---	---	---		---
Türkiye	17,522	19,161	25,215	27,277	27,713	27,533	---	---		4,461		4,410		4,615		4,801		---	---	10,151	9,318	9,812		9,294
United Kingdom	47,471	46,759	49,721	51,306	51,869	52,417	11,161	12,044		12,962		12,855		13,370		13,302		---	---	30,936	31,198	32,658		31,554
United States	59,856	60,051	64,190	65,754	67,293	68,479	13,282	14,600		14,304		14,909		15,095		15,530		32,117	31,751	34,072	36,484	36,675		37,417

---Not available.

¹Includes both government and private expenditures. Includes expenditures on both public and private institutions unless otherwise noted.

²The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) average refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting OECD countries, to which each country reporting data contributes equally. The average includes all current OECD countries for which a given year's data are available, even if they were not members of OECD in that year.

³Due to revised data sources and methodology, expenditure data from 2018 onward are not comparable with data from earlier years.

⁴Elementary and secondary education expenditures exclude postsecondary nondegree programs. Postsecondary nondegree figures are treated as negligible.

⁵Elementary and secondary education expenditures include preprimary education (for children ages 3 and older).

⁶Includes public institutions only.

⁷Methodology has been revised due to a large GDP increase in 2015, resulting in a break in trend expenditure data for years prior to 2015.

⁸Postsecondary nondegree programs included in both secondary and postsecondary programs.

⁹Due to educational structural reform in school year 2017-18, ISCED 1 to 3 data for 2017 are not comparable to earlier years of data.

NOTE: All education expenditure data in this table were calculated using International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011. Expenditures for ISCED level 4 (postsecondary nondegree programs) are included in elementary and secondary education unless otherwise noted. Data adjusted to U.S. dollars by the OECD using the purchasing power parity (PPP) index. Constant dollars are based on national gross domestic product deflators and PPP indexes, available on the OECD database cited in the SOURCE note below. Data are collected for the financial year ending in the reported year for each country. For more information on the financial year reported by OECD countries, see Annex Table X1.3 here: https://stat.link/3ha7ok. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. This table includes only data that had been validated for consistency and accuracy by OECD and the relevant country as of January 19, 2023.

SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Online Education Database, retrieved January 19, 2023, from https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx. (This table was prepared January 2023.)

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