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| 2022 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 604.10. | Average literacy and numeracy scale scores of 25- to 65-year-olds, by sex, age group, highest level of educational attainment, and country or subnational region: 2012 through 2017 |
| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country or subnational region1 | Total population of 25- to 65-year-olds | Sex | Age group | Highest level of educational attainment2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Male | Female | 25 to 34 | 35 to 44 | 45 to 54 | 55 to 65 | Less than high school completion | High school completion | Associate's degree | Bachelor's or higher degree | |||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |||||||||||
| Literacy scale score3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| OECD average4 | 264 | (0.2) | 265 | (0.3) | 263 | (0.2) | 277 | (0.3) | 271 | (0.3) | 260 | (0.3) | 248 | (0.3) | 230 | (0.4) | 263 | (0.2) | 278 | (0.7) | 296 | (0.3) |
Austria |
268 | (0.8) | 270 | (1.1) | 266 | (1.0) | 280 | (1.5) | 275 | (1.7) | 266 | (1.4) | 250 | (1.6) | 239 | (2.1) | 268 | (0.9) | 282 | (2.2) | 305 | (1.7) |
| Canada | 273 | (0.6) | 274 | (0.9) | 271 | (0.9) | 285 | (1.3) | 279 | (1.4) | 268 | (1.3) | 260 | (1.1) | 219 | (2.1) | 265 | (1.1) | 278 | (1.2) | 300 | (1.0) |
| Chile5 | 216 | (2.3) | 221 | (2.8) | 210 | (2.6) | 235 | (3.3) | 220 | (3.3) | 206 | (3.3) | 194 | (3.3) | 177 | (1.8) | 219 | (1.7) | 243 | (2.9) | 268 | (3.0) |
| Czech Republic | 273 | (1.0) | 274 | (1.3) | 271 | (1.5) | 287 | (1.8) | 275 | (2.0) | 266 | (1.7) | 262 | (2.0) | 242 | (3.4) | 269 | (1.0) | 293 | (4.6) | 303 | (2.5) |
| Denmark | 270 | (0.7) | 270 | (1.1) | 269 | (0.9) | 282 | (1.7) | 281 | (1.6) | 266 | (1.4) | 252 | (1.1) | 234 | (2.1) | 264 | (1.2) | 286 | (1.3) | 298 | (1.5) |
England (UK) |
274 | (1.1) | 275 | (1.4) | 273 | (1.4) | 280 | (2.1) | 279 | (1.6) | 271 | (1.8) | 265 | (2.0) | 241 | (1.6) | 273 | (1.5) | 283 | (2.4) | 302 | (1.9) |
| Estonia | 273 | (0.8) | 273 | (1.2) | 274 | (0.9) | 286 | (1.7) | 278 | (1.2) | 269 | (1.4) | 261 | (1.5) | 244 | (2.0) | 267 | (1.0) | 276 | (1.5) | 298 | (1.4) |
| Finland | 286 | (0.8) | 284 | (1.4) | 287 | (1.2) | 309 | (1.7) | 299 | (2.1) | 284 | (1.8) | 260 | (1.4) | 245 | (2.8) | 276 | (1.4) | 294 | (1.5) | 318 | (1.6) |
| Flanders (Belgium) | 274 | (0.9) | 277 | (1.1) | 270 | (1.1) | 291 | (1.8) | 282 | (1.6) | 272 | (1.6) | 255 | (1.6) | 232 | (2.0) | 265 | (1.2) | 294 | (1.6) | 313 | (1.7) |
| France | 259 | (0.6) | 260 | (0.9) | 259 | (0.8) | 278 | (1.4) | 267 | (1.3) | 254 | (1.2) | 242 | (1.3) | 224 | (1.3) | 258 | (0.9) | 287 | (1.4) | 297 | (1.2) |
Germany |
268 | (1.0) | 271 | (1.2) | 265 | (1.3) | 281 | (1.8) | 275 | (1.6) | 264 | (1.7) | 254 | (1.7) | 220 | (3.0) | 262 | (1.1) | 280 | (2.3) | 301 | (1.6) |
| Greece5 | 253 | (1.1) | 251 | (1.6) | 255 | (1.4) | 255 | (2.2) | 254 | (2.0) | 254 | (1.7) | 249 | (2.3) | 235 | (2.3) | 254 | (1.7) | 265 | (3.8) | 277 | (2.6) |
| Hungary6 | 263 | (0.9) | 261 | (1.2) | 264 | (1.1) | 276 | (1.6) | 269 | (1.4) | 262 | (1.7) | 246 | (1.4) | 219 | (2.0) | 261 | (1.3) | 280 | (2.9) | 298 | (1.2) |
| Ireland | 266 | (1.0) | 267 | (1.3) | 264 | (1.2) | 276 | (1.5) | 271 | (1.8) | 259 | (2.1) | 251 | (1.8) | 232 | (1.8) | 266 | (1.5) | 279 | (1.9) | 301 | (1.7) |
| Israel5 | 253 | (0.8) | 255 | (1.3) | 252 | (1.1) | 269 | (1.8) | 260 | (1.7) | 247 | (2.1) | 227 | (2.0) | 201 | (2.6) | 241 | (1.5) | 257 | (2.2) | 283 | (1.4) |
Italy |
249 | (1.1) | 249 | (1.6) | 248 | (1.4) | 260 | (2.2) | 253 | (1.9) | 249 | (1.8) | 233 | (2.2) | 231 | (1.6) | 263 | (1.3) | ‡ | (†) | 282 | (1.6) |
| Japan | 296 | (0.7) | 297 | (1.0) | 294 | (1.0) | 309 | (1.7) | 307 | (1.0) | 297 | (1.5) | 273 | (1.6) | 260 | (2.6) | 287 | (1.0) | 304 | (1.4) | 320 | (1.1) |
| Korea, Republic of | 269 | (0.6) | 273 | (0.9) | 264 | (0.9) | 290 | (1.2) | 278 | (1.2) | 259 | (1.4) | 244 | (1.4) | 230 | (1.7) | 265 | (1.0) | 282 | (1.4) | 297 | (1.3) |
| Lithuania5 | 264 | (1.0) | 262 | (1.4) | 266 | (1.2) | 276 | (1.7) | 266 | (2.0) | 260 | (1.7) | 256 | (1.6) | 244 | (3.5) | 256 | (1.2) | 275 | (3.0) | 288 | (1.6) |
| Mexico6 | 218 | (1.2) | 218 | (1.7) | 217 | (1.2) | 230 | (1.8) | 222 | (2.0) | 210 | (2.1) | 197 | (2.4) | 201 | (1.3) | 237 | (1.9) | 232 | (6.4) | 258 | (2.3) |
Netherlands |
282 | (0.8) | 286 | (1.2) | 278 | (1.0) | 298 | (2.0) | 294 | (1.8) | 277 | (1.7) | 261 | (1.6) | 246 | (1.7) | 283 | (1.3) | 293 | (3.4) | 312 | (1.3) |
| New Zealand5 | 281 | (0.9) | 282 | (1.4) | 281 | (1.2) | 286 | (1.9) | 288 | (1.8) | 281 | (1.8) | 269 | (1.9) | 247 | (2.1) | 278 | (1.5) | 286 | (1.8) | 305 | (1.2) |
| Northern Ireland (UK) | 268 | (2.1) | 271 | (2.7) | 265 | (2.0) | 278 | (2.9) | 274 | (2.3) | 262 | (2.6) | 255 | (3.2) | 239 | (2.6) | 270 | (2.6) | 280 | (3.3) | 303 | (2.9) |
| Norway | 279 | (0.7) | 281 | (1.1) | 277 | (1.1) | 289 | (1.8) | 288 | (1.6) | 277 | (1.5) | 262 | (1.5) | 251 | (1.8) | 271 | (1.4) | 288 | (3.1) | 303 | (1.1) |
| Poland | 264 | (0.7) | 260 | (1.1) | 267 | (1.0) | 277 | (1.5) | 268 | (1.9) | 259 | (1.7) | 249 | (1.7) | 227 | (2.6) | 254 | (1.0) | --- | (†) | 297 | (1.3) |
Slovak Republic |
273 | (0.7) | 273 | (1.0) | 274 | (0.9) | 278 | (1.4) | 278 | (1.4) | 270 | (1.3) | 266 | (1.3) | 238 | (1.9) | 275 | (0.9) | --- | (†) | 295 | (1.4) |
| Slovenia5 | 254 | (0.8) | 253 | (1.1) | 255 | (1.1) | 269 | (1.9) | 263 | (1.7) | 249 | (1.9) | 235 | (1.5) | 218 | (2.0) | 252 | (1.3) | 276 | (2.0) | 293 | (1.6) |
| Spain | 250 | (0.8) | 253 | (1.1) | 248 | (1.2) | 263 | (1.5) | 260 | (1.3) | 248 | (1.5) | 227 | (1.9) | 225 | (1.3) | 258 | (1.4) | 266 | (2.1) | 288 | (1.3) |
| Sweden | 278 | (0.8) | 280 | (1.2) | 276 | (1.2) | 290 | (1.9) | 287 | (1.8) | 276 | (1.7) | 262 | (1.3) | 238 | (2.2) | 277 | (1.2) | 294 | (2.4) | 309 | (1.4) |
| Turkey5 | 224 | (1.1) | 230 | (1.7) | 217 | (1.5) | 234 | (2.6) | 225 | (1.7) | 222 | (2.4) | 204 | (3.0) | 210 | (1.7) | 245 | (1.6) | 247 | (3.2) | 263 | (1.9) |
United States7 |
271 | (1.0) | 273 | (1.2) | 270 | (1.3) | 281 | (1.8) | 275 | (1.8) | 267 | (1.7) | 262 | (1.5) | 209 | (2.7) | 260 | (1.3) | 284 | (2.5) | 304 | (1.6) |
Non-OECD participants |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cyprus8 | 269 | (0.9) | 269 | (1.3) | 270 | (1.1) | 275 | (1.7) | 270 | (1.5) | 270 | (1.7) | 261 | (1.6) | 248 | (1.9) | 266 | (1.2) | 273 | (2.0) | 290 | (1.5) |
| Ecuador6 | 193 | (1.2) | 194 | (1.6) | 192 | (1.5) | 202 | (2.0) | 192 | (2.0) | 189 | (2.4) | 181 | (2.6) | 174 | (1.5) | 203 | (1.7) | --- | (†) | 219 | (3.0) |
| Kazakhstan6 | 249 | (1.1) | 248 | (1.4) | 251 | (1.2) | 249 | (1.7) | 251 | (2.0) | 248 | (1.7) | 249 | (1.9) | 236 | (2.6) | 246 | (1.2) | 254 | (3.6) | 258 | (1.6) |
| Peru6 | 189 | (1.0) | 193 | (1.4) | 185 | (1.4) | 203 | (1.8) | 188 | (2.2) | 180 | (2.3) | 175 | (2.3) | 157 | (2.0) | 201 | (1.3) | 213 | (2.2) | 240 | (2.3) |
| Russian Federation9 | 275 | (3.0) | 274 | (3.3) | 277 | (3.1) | 273 | (4.1) | 278 | (3.9) | 277 | (3.7) | 275 | (3.9) | 248 | (7.5) | 272 | (4.2) | 276 | (2.8) | 282 | (3.1) |
Singapore5 |
252 | (0.8) | 256 | (1.2) | 247 | (1.1) | 283 | (1.6) | 263 | (1.8) | 242 | (1.7) | 217 | (2.1) | 185 | (2.1) | 238 | (1.3) | 270 | (1.6) | 298 | (1.5) |
| Numeracy scale score3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| OECD average4 | 261 | (0.2) | 267 | (0.3) | 255 | (0.3) | 272 | (0.4) | 268 | (0.4) | 258 | (0.4) | 245 | (0.4) | 221 | (0.4) | 260 | (0.3) | 277 | (0.7) | 298 | (0.3) |
Austria |
274 | (0.9) | 281 | (1.3) | 267 | (1.1) | 282 | (1.7) | 281 | (2.0) | 274 | (1.7) | 257 | (1.7) | 237 | (2.3) | 276 | (1.1) | 292 | (2.6) | 315 | (1.8) |
| Canada | 265 | (0.8) | 273 | (1.0) | 257 | (1.0) | 276 | (1.4) | 272 | (1.5) | 260 | (1.4) | 251 | (1.4) | 206 | (2.5) | 255 | (1.2) | 271 | (1.5) | 295 | (1.0) |
| Chile5 | 202 | (3.2) | 214 | (3.4) | 190 | (3.4) | 222 | (4.2) | 212 | (3.8) | 193 | (3.7) | 173 | (4.6) | 154 | (2.0) | 206 | (2.2) | 236 | (3.6) | 268 | (3.5) |
| Czech Republic | 275 | (1.0) | 280 | (1.5) | 270 | (1.4) | 288 | (1.8) | 277 | (1.8) | 272 | (2.2) | 263 | (2.0) | 235 | (3.3) | 271 | (1.0) | 287 | (6.1) | 313 | (2.5) |
| Denmark | 279 | (0.8) | 285 | (1.4) | 273 | (1.0) | 287 | (1.9) | 290 | (1.6) | 277 | (1.6) | 265 | (1.2) | 241 | (2.4) | 275 | (1.3) | 295 | (1.4) | 309 | (1.8) |
England (UK) |
263 | (1.1) | 270 | (1.4) | 256 | (1.6) | 267 | (2.2) | 269 | (1.9) | 259 | (1.9) | 257 | (1.9) | 226 | (1.9) | 262 | (1.5) | 271 | (3.0) | 295 | (2.2) |
| Estonia | 272 | (0.6) | 276 | (1.0) | 269 | (0.9) | 284 | (1.7) | 275 | (1.1) | 269 | (1.4) | 259 | (1.3) | 236 | (1.8) | 265 | (0.9) | 275 | (1.4) | 300 | (1.3) |
| Finland | 282 | (0.8) | 286 | (1.3) | 277 | (1.2) | 302 | (2.1) | 292 | (2.2) | 279 | (2.0) | 260 | (1.3) | 244 | (2.8) | 271 | (1.3) | 291 | (1.6) | 314 | (1.7) |
| Flanders (Belgium) | 280 | (0.9) | 289 | (1.2) | 271 | (1.3) | 295 | (1.9) | 289 | (1.8) | 280 | (1.9) | 260 | (1.6) | 235 | (1.9) | 272 | (1.2) | 300 | (1.5) | 323 | (1.8) |
| France | 252 | (0.7) | 258 | (1.0) | 247 | (1.0) | 269 | (1.5) | 262 | (1.6) | 246 | (1.4) | 234 | (1.5) | 208 | (1.3) | 251 | (1.0) | 287 | (1.7) | 299 | (1.4) |
Germany |
271 | (1.1) | 280 | (1.4) | 262 | (1.4) | 282 | (1.8) | 279 | (2.0) | 268 | (1.9) | 256 | (1.9) | 210 | (3.4) | 264 | (1.2) | 287 | (2.5) | 310 | (1.7) |
| Greece5 | 252 | (1.0) | 256 | (1.5) | 248 | (1.4) | 256 | (2.1) | 253 | (2.2) | 254 | (1.9) | 244 | (2.3) | 226 | (2.4) | 253 | (1.5) | 269 | (3.3) | 286 | (2.4) |
| Hungary6 | 272 | (1.0) | 274 | (1.4) | 271 | (1.1) | 280 | (1.8) | 281 | (1.6) | 272 | (1.8) | 257 | (1.5) | 222 | (2.3) | 270 | (1.2) | 292 | (3.4) | 311 | (1.4) |
| Ireland | 255 | (1.0) | 261 | (1.4) | 249 | (1.3) | 266 | (1.7) | 260 | (1.7) | 250 | (2.1) | 238 | (2.3) | 218 | (2.2) | 254 | (1.6) | 274 | (2.1) | 294 | (1.9) |
| Israel5 | 251 | (1.0) | 259 | (1.6) | 244 | (1.3) | 264 | (1.9) | 258 | (2.1) | 244 | (2.4) | 229 | (2.5) | 191 | (3.0) | 237 | (1.8) | 258 | (2.7) | 284 | (1.6) |
Italy |
246 | (1.1) | 253 | (1.6) | 240 | (1.4) | 262 | (2.3) | 251 | (1.9) | 244 | (2.0) | 229 | (2.2) | 225 | (1.5) | 265 | (1.5) | ‡ | (†) | 280 | (2.1) |
| Japan | 289 | (0.8) | 296 | (1.2) | 282 | (1.1) | 297 | (1.6) | 297 | (1.3) | 291 | (1.7) | 273 | (1.6) | 247 | (2.5) | 281 | (1.3) | 291 | (1.3) | 319 | (1.2) |
| Korea, Republic of | 260 | (0.7) | 266 | (1.0) | 254 | (1.1) | 281 | (1.4) | 271 | (1.5) | 251 | (1.4) | 232 | (1.7) | 215 | (1.9) | 256 | (1.0) | 275 | (1.6) | 293 | (1.5) |
| Lithuania5 | 264 | (1.1) | 264 | (1.6) | 264 | (1.3) | 280 | (2.1) | 268 | (2.3) | 258 | (2.0) | 252 | (1.6) | 234 | (4.1) | 253 | (1.3) | 283 | (4.8) | 297 | (1.9) |
| Mexico6 | 207 | (1.2) | 213 | (1.5) | 202 | (1.4) | 219 | (1.6) | 211 | (2.0) | 201 | (2.1) | 187 | (2.3) | 189 | (1.2) | 231 | (1.7) | 219 | (6.8) | 249 | (2.1) |
Netherlands |
279 | (0.8) | 288 | (1.3) | 270 | (1.1) | 293 | (1.8) | 287 | (2.1) | 277 | (1.7) | 262 | (1.7) | 243 | (1.9) | 281 | (1.2) | 292 | (3.5) | 310 | (1.3) |
| New Zealand5 | 272 | (1.1) | 279 | (1.6) | 266 | (1.3) | 275 | (2.2) | 280 | (1.9) | 273 | (2.1) | 260 | (2.0) | 232 | (2.1) | 268 | (1.8) | 276 | (2.0) | 300 | (1.6) |
| Northern Ireland (UK) | 258 | (1.8) | 265 | (2.2) | 251 | (2.0) | 268 | (2.9) | 266 | (2.4) | 252 | (2.1) | 245 | (3.1) | 225 | (2.9) | 261 | (2.1) | 273 | (3.0) | 298 | (2.4) |
| Norway | 280 | (0.9) | 288 | (1.3) | 272 | (1.2) | 285 | (2.0) | 289 | (1.9) | 280 | (1.7) | 265 | (1.7) | 246 | (2.2) | 273 | (1.5) | 296 | (3.7) | 306 | (1.3) |
| Poland | 258 | (1.0) | 259 | (1.5) | 257 | (1.0) | 270 | (1.5) | 262 | (2.2) | 254 | (2.1) | 244 | (1.9) | 216 | (3.1) | 250 | (1.2) | --- | (†) | 290 | (1.5) |
Slovak Republic |
275 | (0.9) | 277 | (1.2) | 274 | (1.1) | 279 | (1.6) | 281 | (1.7) | 275 | (1.6) | 265 | (1.6) | 226 | (2.4) | 278 | (1.0) | --- | (†) | 306 | (1.5) |
| Slovenia5 | 255 | (1.0) | 258 | (1.3) | 252 | (1.4) | 273 | (2.1) | 267 | (2.0) | 249 | (1.9) | 233 | (1.6) | 207 | (2.2) | 255 | (1.3) | 280 | (2.0) | 300 | (2.0) |
| Spain | 245 | (0.7) | 251 | (1.1) | 238 | (1.1) | 257 | (1.3) | 255 | (1.3) | 242 | (1.6) | 221 | (1.7) | 217 | (1.3) | 254 | (1.5) | 264 | (2.4) | 283 | (1.3) |
| Sweden | 279 | (1.0) | 286 | (1.5) | 272 | (1.2) | 288 | (2.0) | 286 | (2.0) | 276 | (2.3) | 268 | (1.7) | 237 | (2.6) | 277 | (1.4) | 297 | (2.6) | 311 | (1.5) |
| Turkey5 | 215 | (1.5) | 231 | (2.2) | 199 | (2.0) | 229 | (3.2) | 219 | (2.3) | 213 | (2.9) | 188 | (3.6) | 196 | (2.1) | 244 | (1.7) | 249 | (3.4) | 274 | (2.6) |
United States7 |
258 | (1.2) | 266 | (1.4) | 250 | (1.4) | 267 | (1.9) | 261 | (1.6) | 253 | (2.1) | 252 | (1.8) | 194 | (2.6) | 245 | (1.6) | 268 | (2.9) | 295 | (1.8) |
Non-OECD participants |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cyprus8 | 265 | (0.9) | 270 | (1.2) | 260 | (1.3) | 273 | (2.0) | 269 | (1.6) | 265 | (1.8) | 250 | (1.8) | 230 | (2.3) | 264 | (1.4) | 270 | (2.1) | 292 | (1.6) |
| Ecuador6 | 184 | (1.2) | 189 | (1.8) | 178 | (1.5) | 191 | (2.0) | 188 | (2.0) | 182 | (2.6) | 164 | (2.8) | 160 | (1.4) | 195 | (1.8) | --- | (†) | 216 | (2.8) |
| Kazakhstan6 | 248 | (1.0) | 247 | (1.4) | 248 | (1.1) | 248 | (1.6) | 249 | (2.1) | 246 | (1.5) | 247 | (1.9) | 237 | (2.3) | 244 | (1.2) | 257 | (3.4) | 256 | (1.6) |
| Peru6 | 173 | (1.2) | 183 | (1.7) | 164 | (1.8) | 190 | (2.4) | 174 | (2.5) | 162 | (2.7) | 153 | (3.0) | 127 | (2.2) | 192 | (1.7) | 211 | (2.3) | 236 | (2.6) |
| Russian Federation9 | 269 | (2.8) | 268 | (3.3) | 271 | (3.0) | 269 | (4.2) | 270 | (3.6) | 272 | (3.2) | 267 | (3.9) | 234 | (8.5) | 265 | (4.0) | 268 | (2.6) | 280 | (3.0) |
Singapore5 |
251 | (0.9) | 260 | (1.2) | 242 | (1.3) | 285 | (1.6) | 266 | (1.9) | 241 | (2.0) | 212 | (2.3) | 171 | (2.0) | 235 | (1.5) | 274 | (1.7) | 305 | (1.5) |
| ---Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Most of the education systems represent complete countries, but three of them represent subnational regions: England (which is part of the United Kingdom), Flanders (which is part of Belgium), and Northern Ireland (which is part of the United Kingdom). | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 High school completion includes International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 1997 levels 3 and 4, with the exception of ISCED level 3C short programs. ISCED 3C short programs do not correspond to high school completion in the United States and are included in the "less than high school completion" column in this table. The associate's degree data in this table refer to degrees classified as ISCED 1997 level 5B. The data for bachelor’s or higher degree refer to degrees classified as ISCED 1997 level 5A and as level 6. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Scale scores range from 0 to 500. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries and subnational regions, to which each country or subnational region reporting data contributes equally. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Data are from 2015. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 Data are from 2017. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 Results from the United States are based on combined data from 2012 and 2014. The 2017 data from the United States are not presented in this table. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 Cyprus includes only the population under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 The Russian Federation does not include the population of the Moscow municipal region. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: The main data collection for the PIAAC survey was completed in 2012. Unless otherwise noted, all countries' and subnational regions' results are based on the 2012 round of data collection. A second round of international data collection was completed in 2015; this round was conducted only in nine countries/regions that did not participate in the first round. Although Jakarta (Indonesia) participated in the second round of data collection, its data were not reported due to data issues. A third round of international data collection was completed in 2017; this round was conducted only in the United States and five other countries/regions that did not participate in the first or second round. In the United States only, a supplemental round of data collection was completed in 2014 to expand the sample of U.S. adults, allowing for more in-depth data analysis. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), U.S. PIAAC 2012/2014; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), PIAAC, 2012, 2015, and 2017. (This table was prepared May 2021.) |
