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| 2022 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 603.90. | Employment-to-population ratios of 25- to 64-year-olds, by sex, highest level of educational attainment, and country: 2021 |
| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Total population, 25 to 64 years old | Male | Female | |||||||||||||||||||||
| All levels of education | Less than high school completion | High school completion | Associate's or higher degree | All levels of education | Less than high school completion | High school completion | Associate's or higher degree | All levels of education | Less than high school completion | High school completion | Associate's or higher degree | |||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | ||||||||||||
| OECD average1 | 76.4 | (0.04) | 57.7 | (0.12) | 74.9 | (0.06) | 85.3 | (0.05) | 82.6 | (0.05) | 67.7 | (0.16) | 81.9 | (0.08) | 89.3 | (0.07) | 70.3 | (0.05) | 46.8 | (0.17) | 67.3 | (0.10) | 81.8 | (0.07) |
Australia |
79.3 | (0.25) | 59.7 | (0.74) | 79.1 | (0.42) | 85.5 | (0.31) | 84.3 | (0.32) | 67.2 | (1.03) | 85.3 | (0.49) | 89.3 | (0.41) | 74.4 | (0.37) | 52.5 | (1.04) | 71.0 | (0.70) | 82.5 | (0.44) |
| Austria | 76.4 | (0.14) | 54.4 | (0.44) | 75.9 | (0.19) | 86.2 | (0.19) | 80.7 | (0.18) | 61.5 | (0.68) | 79.6 | (0.25) | 88.8 | (0.25) | 72.2 | (0.20) | 49.4 | (0.56) | 71.7 | (0.28) | 83.6 | (0.29) |
| Belgium | 74.1 | (0.17) | 45.5 | (0.42) | 72.8 | (0.28) | 86.9 | (0.19) | 78.2 | (0.22) | 54.6 | (0.59) | 78.5 | (0.35) | 89.4 | (0.27) | 69.9 | (0.24) | 35.2 | (0.58) | 65.9 | (0.43) | 84.8 | (0.27) |
| Canada | 77.2 | (0.17) | 55.6 | (0.64) | 72.4 | (0.30) | 82.0 | (0.19) | 81.3 | (0.21) | 64.5 | (0.80) | 78.1 | (0.34) | 85.7 | (0.25) | 73.2 | (0.23) | 43.5 | (0.95) | 64.4 | (0.49) | 79.0 | (0.25) |
| Chile2 | 65.1 | (0.15) | 52.1 | (0.29) | 62.6 | (0.25) | 80.0 | (0.24) | 77.9 | (0.20) | 70.5 | (0.39) | 76.6 | (0.32) | 86.3 | (0.32) | 55.0 | (0.22) | 37.1 | (0.38) | 51.4 | (0.34) | 75.2 | (0.35) |
Colombia |
69.1 | (0.08) | 64.8 | (0.14) | 68.1 | (0.13) | 77.3 | (0.13) | 84.8 | (0.09) | 85.0 | (0.15) | 83.8 | (0.15) | 85.9 | (0.17) | 54.3 | (0.11) | 43.2 | (0.19) | 53.2 | (0.19) | 70.7 | (0.18) |
| Costa Rica | 66.1 | (0.44) | 59.8 | (0.57) | 65.8 | (1.04) | 81.0 | (0.81) | 82.7 | (0.51) | 80.5 | (0.67) | 83.5 | (1.22) | 87.5 | (1.07) | 50.1 | (0.63) | 38.6 | (0.78) | 49.5 | (1.48) | 75.3 | (1.15) |
| Czech Republic | 82.7 | (0.12) | 55.7 | (0.65) | 83.4 | (0.14) | 86.5 | (0.22) | 90.1 | (0.14) | 67.2 | (0.97) | 90.0 | (0.16) | 95.1 | (0.21) | 75.0 | (0.19) | 46.8 | (0.85) | 75.8 | (0.23) | 79.3 | (0.35) |
| Denmark | 80.7 | (0.19) | 61.8 | (0.62) | 81.9 | (0.29) | 87.7 | (0.23) | 84.2 | (0.25) | 69.4 | (0.81) | 86.0 | (0.36) | 90.2 | (0.33) | 77.2 | (0.28) | 52.1 | (0.92) | 76.8 | (0.46) | 85.8 | (0.32) |
| Estonia | 81.0 | (0.32) | 64.1 | (1.26) | 79.3 | (0.48) | 87.3 | (0.41) | 83.0 | (0.44) | 68.9 | (1.53) | 82.0 | (0.61) | 90.9 | (0.59) | 79.0 | (0.46) | 55.2 | (2.16) | 75.6 | (0.77) | 85.1 | (0.55) |
Finland |
78.9 | (0.18) | 54.2 | (0.78) | 76.8 | (0.29) | 87.8 | (0.20) | 79.7 | (0.25) | 59.4 | (0.96) | 78.9 | (0.37) | 88.8 | (0.30) | 78.1 | (0.26) | 45.8 | (1.31) | 74.1 | (0.46) | 87.0 | (0.28) |
| France | 75.3 | (0.10) | 52.8 | (0.25) | 74.3 | (0.15) | 86.3 | (0.12) | 78.8 | (0.13) | 60.4 | (0.36) | 77.8 | (0.20) | 88.6 | (0.17) | 72.1 | (0.14) | 45.6 | (0.34) | 70.4 | (0.23) | 84.4 | (0.18) |
| Germany | 80.9 | (0.06) | 62.3 | (0.19) | 81.7 | (0.08) | 88.3 | (0.08) | 84.8 | (0.07) | 71.1 | (0.25) | 84.6 | (0.11) | 91.1 | (0.10) | 76.9 | (0.09) | 53.9 | (0.27) | 78.8 | (0.11) | 85.1 | (0.14) |
| Greece | 65.4 | (0.16) | 53.2 | (0.33) | 63.0 | (0.26) | 76.1 | (0.27) | 76.0 | (0.21) | 68.7 | (0.44) | 76.2 | (0.33) | 80.8 | (0.36) | 55.0 | (0.24) | 36.2 | (0.45) | 49.8 | (0.37) | 72.0 | (0.39) |
| Hungary | 81.7 | (0.11) | 58.8 | (0.34) | 82.5 | (0.15) | 90.7 | (0.19) | 87.1 | (0.14) | 68.3 | (0.48) | 88.0 | (0.17) | 94.4 | (0.23) | 76.3 | (0.18) | 50.6 | (0.47) | 75.9 | (0.24) | 88.0 | (0.27) |
Iceland |
82.9 | (0.41) | 71.2 | (1.11) | 82.3 | (0.70) | 89.1 | (0.49) | 86.8 | (0.53) | 76.4 | (1.42) | 88.3 | (0.78) | 92.0 | (0.68) | 78.7 | (0.61) | 63.8 | (1.74) | 73.6 | (1.24) | 86.9 | (0.68) |
| Ireland | 76.9 | (0.19) | 51.8 | (0.60) | 72.3 | (0.34) | 85.7 | (0.21) | 82.5 | (0.24) | 62.4 | (0.76) | 80.6 | (0.43) | 90.2 | (0.27) | 71.4 | (0.28) | 35.8 | (0.91) | 63.6 | (0.52) | 82.0 | (0.31) |
| Israel | 75.7 | (0.09) | 47.9 | (0.20) | 70.1 | (0.17) | 86.8 | (0.12) | 78.4 | (0.12) | 56.3 | (0.26) | 73.4 | (0.21) | 89.3 | (0.16) | 73.1 | (0.14) | 38.8 | (0.30) | 66.1 | (0.28) | 84.7 | (0.17) |
| Italy | 65.6 | (0.09) | 51.4 | (0.17) | 70.3 | (0.14) | 82.1 | (0.17) | 75.8 | (0.12) | 66.3 | (0.22) | 80.4 | (0.17) | 86.4 | (0.23) | 55.7 | (0.14) | 34.6 | (0.23) | 60.1 | (0.20) | 79.1 | (0.23) |
| Japan3 | 84.2 | (---) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 86.1 | (---) | 92.0 | (---) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 94.3 | (---) | 76.2 | (---) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 78.2 | (---) |
Korea, Republic of |
73.0 | (---) | 61.2 | (---) | 70.0 | (---) | 77.5 | (---) | 83.2 | (---) | 70.5 | (---) | 80.1 | (---) | 87.3 | (---) | 62.3 | (---) | 54.8 | (---) | 59.4 | (---) | 66.4 | (---) |
| Latvia | 77.1 | (0.29) | 62.0 | (1.03) | 73.4 | (0.42) | 85.9 | (0.39) | 79.4 | (0.41) | 68.1 | (1.25) | 77.7 | (0.56) | 88.4 | (0.63) | 74.8 | (0.41) | 50.1 | (1.72) | 68.3 | (0.64) | 84.5 | (0.50) |
| Lithuania | 79.9 | (0.24) | 57.8 | (1.24) | 73.7 | (0.37) | 89.8 | (0.27) | 80.5 | (0.35) | 60.3 | (1.56) | 76.5 | (0.51) | 90.8 | (0.43) | 79.4 | (0.32) | 52.2 | (2.02) | 70.3 | (0.54) | 89.1 | (0.35) |
| Luxembourg | 77.1 | (0.52) | 62.1 | (1.34) | 72.3 | (0.96) | 85.9 | (0.63) | 81.4 | (0.68) | 67.8 | (1.81) | 77.7 | (1.25) | 89.5 | (0.80) | 72.7 | (0.78) | 55.5 | (1.97) | 66.4 | (1.45) | 82.4 | (0.95) |
| Mexico | 67.8 | (0.11) | 63.5 | (0.15) | 69.3 | (0.21) | 78.3 | (0.19) | 86.5 | (0.11) | 86.5 | (0.15) | 86.6 | (0.23) | 86.4 | (0.23) | 51.4 | (0.15) | 43.7 | (0.21) | 54.0 | (0.32) | 70.7 | (0.30) |
Netherlands |
82.3 | (0.13) | 66.4 | (0.37) | 82.9 | (0.21) | 89.0 | (0.15) | 87.2 | (0.16) | 75.3 | (0.48) | 88.0 | (0.25) | 92.0 | (0.19) | 77.5 | (0.20) | 57.0 | (0.56) | 77.8 | (0.32) | 86.1 | (0.24) |
| New Zealand | 83.3 | (0.13) | 71.5 | (0.36) | 83.3 | (0.21) | 89.0 | (0.18) | 88.5 | (0.17) | 78.3 | (0.47) | 89.8 | (0.24) | 92.5 | (0.23) | 78.3 | (0.20) | 64.4 | (0.53) | 76.2 | (0.34) | 86.1 | (0.26) |
| Norway | 81.6 | (0.17) | 61.4 | (0.52) | 81.2 | (0.29) | 89.3 | (0.20) | 84.3 | (0.23) | 67.8 | (0.69) | 85.1 | (0.35) | 90.7 | (0.28) | 78.7 | (0.25) | 54.0 | (0.78) | 75.9 | (0.48) | 88.2 | (0.28) |
| Poland | 77.7 | (0.11) | 48.9 | (0.56) | 73.7 | (0.16) | 90.8 | (0.13) | 84.8 | (0.14) | 61.0 | (0.75) | 83.4 | (0.18) | 94.7 | (0.16) | 70.6 | (0.17) | 34.9 | (0.77) | 62.0 | (0.25) | 88.2 | (0.19) |
| Portugal | 79.6 | (0.16) | 69.9 | (0.26) | 82.3 | (0.30) | 89.7 | (0.24) | 82.7 | (0.22) | 77.6 | (0.33) | 84.9 | (0.40) | 89.4 | (0.39) | 76.7 | (0.23) | 61.4 | (0.40) | 79.6 | (0.44) | 90.0 | (0.29) |
Slovak Republic |
78.0 | (0.40) | 29.8 | (1.70) | 78.8 | (0.48) | 87.9 | (0.62) | 81.9 | (0.54) | 33.7 | (2.71) | 83.3 | (0.61) | 90.3 | (0.89) | 74.2 | (0.59) | 26.6 | (2.15) | 73.4 | (0.76) | 86.3 | (0.85) |
| Slovenia | 79.0 | (0.21) | 49.8 | (0.82) | 75.5 | (0.30) | 89.7 | (0.25) | 82.2 | (0.27) | 59.4 | (1.17) | 80.5 | (0.37) | 91.0 | (0.36) | 75.5 | (0.30) | 40.1 | (1.10) | 68.2 | (0.49) | 88.8 | (0.33) |
| Spain | 70.5 | (0.08) | 58.1 | (0.15) | 70.7 | (0.18) | 81.4 | (0.11) | 76.3 | (0.11) | 67.9 | (0.20) | 77.2 | (0.24) | 84.6 | (0.16) | 64.8 | (0.12) | 46.6 | (0.22) | 64.2 | (0.26) | 78.7 | (0.16) |
| Sweden | 83.1 | (0.15) | 61.9 | (0.54) | 84.0 | (0.23) | 89.1 | (0.18) | 85.8 | (0.20) | 71.7 | (0.67) | 87.1 | (0.28) | 90.1 | (0.27) | 80.2 | (0.23) | 50.2 | (0.83) | 79.7 | (0.40) | 88.3 | (0.25) |
| Switzerland | 83.0 | (0.13) | 66.6 | (0.46) | 81.5 | (0.21) | 89.0 | (0.15) | 87.4 | (0.16) | 73.8 | (0.64) | 85.5 | (0.28) | 92.3 | (0.18) | 78.5 | (0.19) | 60.3 | (0.65) | 77.8 | (0.30) | 85.1 | (0.25) |
Türkiye |
57.2 | (---) | 49.7 | (---) | 59.5 | (---) | 72.3 | (---) | 76.5 | (---) | 72.5 | (---) | 78.5 | (---) | 83.0 | (---) | 36.2 | (---) | 27.8 | (---) | 32.0 | (---) | 60.1 | (---) |
| United Kingdom4 | 80.1 | (0.19) | 63.9 | (0.55) | 79.5 | (0.34) | 86.3 | (0.23) | 84.1 | (0.26) | 72.0 | (0.73) | 83.7 | (0.45) | 89.3 | (0.32) | 76.1 | (0.28) | 55.0 | (0.80) | 75.2 | (0.51) | 83.6 | (0.33) |
| United States | 72.5 | (0.15) | 52.1 | (0.59) | 66.7 | (0.25) | 80.6 | (0.19) | 77.5 | (0.21) | 63.0 | (0.79) | 72.4 | (0.33) | 85.3 | (0.26) | 67.7 | (0.23) | 39.1 | (0.84) | 60.3 | (0.38) | 76.8 | (0.28) |
Other reporting countries |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Argentina | 73.8 | (0.14) | 66.0 | (0.26) | 73.0 | (0.22) | 85.8 | (0.24) | 85.3 | (0.17) | 82.5 | (0.29) | 84.8 | (0.25) | 91.3 | (0.31) | 63.0 | (0.22) | 46.6 | (0.40) | 61.5 | (0.33) | 82.1 | (0.33) |
| Brazil | 65.0 | (0.11) | 55.0 | (0.17) | 67.6 | (0.19) | 80.5 | (0.22) | 77.5 | (0.14) | 70.7 | (0.22) | 81.0 | (0.23) | 87.5 | (0.30) | 53.2 | (0.16) | 37.7 | (0.24) | 55.4 | (0.27) | 75.4 | (0.31) |
| India2 | 61.6 | (0.11) | 61.2 | (0.12) | 64.4 | (0.32) | 62.2 | (0.28) | 91.8 | (0.08) | 93.6 | (0.09) | 90.2 | (0.25) | 84.4 | (0.27) | 32.3 | (0.14) | 33.1 | (0.16) | 24.6 | (0.46) | 31.3 | (0.41) |
| Indonesia | 73.8 | (0.05) | 72.8 | (0.07) | 72.6 | (0.10) | 80.9 | (0.13) | 88.9 | (0.05) | 89.8 | (0.07) | 87.7 | (0.10) | 88.1 | (0.16) | 58.5 | (0.08) | 57.2 | (0.11) | 52.9 | (0.17) | 74.5 | (0.20) |
| South Africa2 | 49.2 | (0.16) | 40.1 | (0.21) | 52.6 | (0.30) | 72.7 | (0.38) | 55.9 | (0.24) | 47.7 | (0.33) | 59.3 | (0.42) | 77.5 | (0.54) | 42.8 | (0.22) | 32.7 | (0.27) | 45.7 | (0.41) | 68.6 | (0.51) |
| ---Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, to which each country reporting data contributes equally. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2Data are for 2020 instead of 2021. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3Associate's or higher degree data include some persons (less than 5 percent of the total) whose highest level of education was high school completion or a postsecondary program below the associate's degree level. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4High school completion data include some persons (17 percent of the total in 2015) who have completed a sufficient volume and standard of programs, any one of which individually would be classified as a program that only partially completes the high school (or upper secondary) level of education. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: All data in this table were calculated using International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011. High school completion refers to completion of ISCED 2011 level 3 (upper secondary education); programs classified under ISCED 2011 as only partially completing level 3 are not included in the high school completion data except where otherwise noted. In this table, persons completing ISCED 2011 level 4 are also considered to have high school completion as their highest level of educational attainment. ISCED level 4 typically corresponds to postsecondary nondegree programs below the associate’s degree level in the United States. Associate’s or higher degrees include ISCED 2011 level 5 (corresponding to the associate’s degree in the United States), level 6 (bachelor’s or equivalent degree), level 7 (master’s or equivalent degree), and level 8 (doctoral or equivalent degree). For each country, the employment to population ratio of 25- to 64-year-olds is the number of persons in this age group who are employed as a percentage of the total civilian population in this age group. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Online Education Database, retrieved October 7, 2022, from https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx. (This table was prepared October 2022.) |
