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| 2022 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 602.45. | Average reading literacy, mathematics literacy, and science literacy scores of 15-year-old students, by computer and internet access at home and country or other education system: 2018 |
| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country or other education system |
Reading literacy | Mathematics literacy | Science literacy | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Access to a computer at home for schoolwork |
Access to the Internet at home |
Access to a computer at home for schoolwork |
Access to the Internet at home |
Access to a computer at home for schoolwork |
Access to the Internet at home |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | |||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | ||||||||||||
| OECD average1 | 494 | (0.4) | 434 | (1.1) | 491 | (0.4) | 402 | (2.5) | 496 | (0.4) | 438 | (1.0) | 493 | (0.4) | 416 | (2.2) | 495 | (0.4) | 439 | (1.1) | 492 | (0.4) | 416 | (2.2) |
| Australia | 509 | (1.7) | 435 | (4.7) | 506 | (1.8) | 426 | (7.6) | 496 | (2.1) | 432 | (5.4) | 494 | (2.1) | 428 | (9.3) | 508 | (2.0) | 443 | (4.7) | 506 | (2.0) | 438 | (7.7) |
| Austria | 488 | (2.6) | 414 | (7.4) | 487 | (2.7) | 380 | (9.9) | 503 | (2.9) | 426 | (7.1) | 501 | (3.0) | 414 | (11.2) | 494 | (2.7) | 416 | (7.0) | 492 | (2.8) | 402 | (9.9) |
| Belgium | 499 | (2.3) | 421 | (5.7) | 495 | (2.3) | 384 | (14.8) | 514 | (2.2) | 441 | (5.5) | 510 | (2.2) | 414 | (14.0) | 505 | (2.2) | 427 | (5.8) | 501 | (2.2) | 393 | (14.3) |
| Canada | 526 | (1.7) | 467 | (4.4) | 524 | (1.7) | 438 | (9.8) | 518 | (2.4) | 458 | (4.7) | 515 | (2.3) | 439 | (8.9) | 523 | (2.1) | 472 | (4.9) | 521 | (2.1) | 450 | (8.7) |
| Chile | 459 | (2.7) | 426 | (3.6) | 458 | (2.8) | 421 | (4.1) | 424 | (2.7) | 392 | (3.0) | 423 | (2.6) | 379 | (3.9) | 449 | (2.5) | 419 | (3.7) | 448 | (2.6) | 417 | (3.9) |
Colombia2 |
434 | (3.7) | 379 | (3.2) | 431 | (3.9) | 378 | (3.6) | 411 | (3.7) | 362 | (3.3) | 407 | (3.7) | 364 | (3.7) | 431 | (3.4) | 387 | (3.6) | 428 | (3.5) | 387 | (4.0) |
| Czech Republic | 495 | (2.3) | 422 | (7.6) | 492 | (2.5) | 390 | (16.1) | 504 | (2.3) | 438 | (8.0) | 501 | (2.4) | 419 | (17.4) | 502 | (2.3) | 439 | (6.6) | 499 | (2.5) | 431 | (14.8) |
| Denmark | 503 | (1.8) | 432 | (8.9) | 503 | (1.8) | 395 | (26.3) | 511 | (1.7) | 444 | (8.9) | 510 | (1.7) | 435 | (22.2) | 495 | (1.9) | 407 | (10.6) | 494 | (1.9) | 374 | (22.7) |
| Estonia | 523 | (1.8) | 531 | (5.3) | 525 | (1.8) | ‡ | (†) | 525 | (1.8) | 521 | (4.4) | 525 | (1.8) | ‡ | (†) | 530 | (1.9) | 538 | (5.0) | 531 | (1.9) | ‡ | (†) |
| Finland | 524 | (2.2) | 480 | (6.6) | 522 | (2.2) | ‡ | (†) | 511 | (1.9) | 465 | (5.5) | 508 | (1.9) | ‡ | (†) | 526 | (2.5) | 480 | (6.6) | 523 | (2.5) | ‡ | (†) |
France |
501 | (2.4) | 428 | (4.1) | 495 | (2.4) | 423 | (12.2) | 503 | (2.4) | 434 | (4.8) | 497 | (2.4) | 430 | (12.5) | 501 | (2.3) | 429 | (4.4) | 495 | (2.3) | 441 | (14.0) |
| Germany | 513 | (3.0) | 418 | (6.8) | 507 | (3.2) | 411 | (11.8) | 513 | (2.6) | 426 | (6.2) | 508 | (2.8) | 427 | (10.8) | 517 | (2.9) | 421 | (6.8) | 511 | (3.1) | 419 | (11.4) |
| Greece | 466 | (3.5) | 406 | (5.1) | 462 | (3.4) | 383 | (8.4) | 458 | (3.0) | 411 | (4.9) | 455 | (3.0) | 405 | (7.8) | 459 | (3.1) | 408 | (4.4) | 455 | (3.0) | 398 | (7.1) |
| Hungary | 483 | (2.3) | 413 | (5.4) | 479 | (2.3) | 367 | (10.0) | 489 | (2.4) | 417 | (5.3) | 483 | (2.4) | 404 | (13.3) | 488 | (2.4) | 419 | (5.5) | 483 | (2.3) | 386 | (13.7) |
| Iceland | 478 | (1.8) | 433 | (10.7) | 478 | (1.8) | ‡ | (†) | 499 | (2.0) | 461 | (9.0) | 498 | (2.0) | ‡ | (†) | 478 | (1.8) | 438 | (9.1) | 477 | (1.8) | ‡ | (†) |
Ireland |
525 | (2.3) | 487 | (4.2) | 520 | (2.2) | 451 | (13.8) | 505 | (2.2) | 471 | (4.0) | 501 | (2.2) | 453 | (11.2) | 503 | (2.3) | 463 | (4.1) | 497 | (2.2) | 450 | (13.2) |
| Israel | 476 | (3.8) | 369 | (8.0) | 474 | (3.8) | 347 | (9.0) | 472 | (3.6) | 364 | (8.2) | 470 | (3.6) | 352 | (10.5) | 471 | (3.7) | 373 | (7.7) | 469 | (3.7) | 358 | (7.8) |
| Italy | 483 | (2.3) | 427 | (6.5) | 479 | (2.4) | 420 | (10.3) | 493 | (2.8) | 437 | (6.2) | 489 | (2.8) | 429 | (10.7) | 473 | (2.4) | 428 | (6.2) | 470 | (2.5) | 420 | (9.7) |
| Japan | 515 | (3.0) | 486 | (3.3) | 506 | (2.6) | 470 | (8.6) | 538 | (2.8) | 511 | (3.1) | 529 | (2.5) | 495 | (7.8) | 541 | (3.0) | 513 | (3.2) | 531 | (2.5) | 494 | (8.4) |
| Korea, Republic of | 519 | (2.9) | 470 | (5.6) | 517 | (2.9) | 427 | (9.9) | 531 | (3.1) | 479 | (5.6) | 529 | (3.1) | 436 | (10.2) | 524 | (2.8) | 480 | (5.9) | 522 | (2.8) | 438 | (10.6) |
Latvia |
481 | (1.7) | 452 | (6.4) | 481 | (1.6) | 396 | (12.4) | 499 | (2.0) | 462 | (6.0) | 498 | (2.0) | 420 | (11.1) | 490 | (1.9) | 461 | (6.1) | 489 | (1.8) | 416 | (12.3) |
| Lithuania | 479 | (1.5) | 418 | (7.6) | 478 | (1.5) | 361 | (11.8) | 484 | (1.9) | 417 | (7.3) | 483 | (1.9) | 376 | (11.3) | 485 | (1.6) | 429 | (7.5) | 484 | (1.6) | 387 | (11.6) |
| Luxembourg | 476 | (1.3) | 401 | (6.2) | 474 | (1.2) | 385 | (8.6) | 489 | (1.3) | 421 | (5.9) | 487 | (1.2) | 406 | (9.9) | 482 | (1.4) | 413 | (5.2) | 480 | (1.3) | 406 | (7.9) |
| Mexico2 | 444 | (3.5) | 393 | (2.8) | 436 | (3.5) | 390 | (3.2) | 429 | (3.2) | 383 | (2.8) | 421 | (3.3) | 384 | (3.2) | 438 | (3.3) | 395 | (2.6) | 431 | (3.3) | 395 | (3.1) |
| Netherlands3 | 491 | (2.5) | 413 | (8.8) | 488 | (2.5) | 386 | (17.8) | 525 | (2.4) | 450 | (8.5) | 522 | (2.5) | 422 | (15.8) | 509 | (2.6) | 430 | (10.2) | 506 | (2.7) | 400 | (18.7) |
New Zealand |
515 | (2.0) | 431 | (4.6) | 510 | (2.0) | 412 | (8.6) | 502 | (1.7) | 430 | (5.4) | 498 | (1.7) | 410 | (9.0) | 517 | (2.1) | 442 | (5.0) | 512 | (2.1) | 427 | (9.8) |
| Norway | 504 | (2.2) | 424 | (9.6) | 503 | (2.2) | 343 | (19.9) | 504 | (2.2) | 439 | (8.8) | 503 | (2.2) | 399 | (16.8) | 495 | (2.3) | 416 | (9.8) | 493 | (2.3) | 372 | (19.7) |
| Poland | 514 | (2.7) | 477 | (7.9) | 513 | (2.7) | 448 | (27.5) | 518 | (2.6) | 476 | (7.4) | 517 | (2.6) | 458 | (22.3) | 513 | (2.6) | 479 | (8.3) | 512 | (2.6) | 457 | (22.9) |
| Portugal4 | 497 | (2.4) | 434 | (5.8) | 493 | (2.6) | 445 | (11.4) | 498 | (2.7) | 420 | (6.3) | 494 | (2.8) | 435 | (12.4) | 496 | (2.8) | 433 | (6.0) | 493 | (3.0) | 442 | (11.2) |
| Slovak Republic | 466 | (2.2) | 384 | (6.8) | 462 | (2.1) | 354 | (11.8) | 494 | (2.5) | 411 | (7.4) | 489 | (2.5) | 397 | (13.1) | 472 | (2.3) | 396 | (6.8) | 467 | (2.2) | 377 | (13.3) |
Slovenia |
499 | (1.2) | 425 | (9.4) | 497 | (1.2) | 413 | (31.7) | 512 | (1.4) | 447 | (10.1) | 510 | (1.4) | 441 | (26.6) | 510 | (1.2) | 450 | (9.8) | 508 | (1.2) | 447 | (23.6) |
| Spain5 | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 487 | (1.4) | 434 | (3.5) | 483 | (1.4) | 434 | (8.5) | 489 | (1.6) | 436 | (3.5) | 485 | (1.5) | 437 | (8.5) |
| Sweden | 510 | (3.0) | 471 | (7.7) | 510 | (2.8) | 374 | (19.8) | 506 | (2.7) | 468 | (6.3) | 505 | (2.5) | 397 | (15.9) | 503 | (3.0) | 464 | (6.8) | 503 | (2.9) | 393 | (14.3) |
| Switzerland | 487 | (3.1) | 433 | (8.0) | 486 | (3.1) | 396 | (19.4) | 518 | (2.9) | 466 | (7.7) | 517 | (2.9) | 438 | (18.9) | 498 | (3.0) | 453 | (8.2) | 497 | (3.0) | 426 | (19.4) |
| Turkey2 | 481 | (2.5) | 436 | (3.5) | 478 | (2.2) | 427 | (4.2) | 468 | (2.8) | 426 | (3.6) | 464 | (2.5) | 422 | (4.4) | 483 | (2.3) | 439 | (3.3) | 479 | (2.1) | 433 | (4.0) |
United Kingdom |
510 | (2.6) | 457 | (5.5) | 507 | (2.5) | 391 | (13.1) | 507 | (2.6) | 451 | (5.5) | 504 | (2.5) | 377 | (14.6) | 510 | (2.6) | 461 | (5.2) | 507 | (2.5) | 387 | (13.7) |
| United States3 | 515 | (3.6) | 446 | (4.7) | 509 | (3.5) | 433 | (9.0) | 487 | (3.2) | 423 | (3.7) | 482 | (3.2) | 411 | (7.9) | 510 | (3.3) | 455 | (4.7) | 506 | (3.3) | 444 | (7.8) |
| Non-OECD education systems | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Albania | 418 | (2.4) | 383 | (2.3) | 412 | (2.1) | 386 | (3.0) | 446 | (2.7) | 424 | (3.2) | 443 | (2.6) | 425 | (3.8) | 428 | (2.3) | 398 | (2.4) | 423 | (2.2) | 401 | (3.0) |
| Argentina | 420 | (3.0) | 363 | (3.7) | 414 | (2.9) | 354 | (4.5) | 397 | (2.9) | 342 | (3.3) | 390 | (2.8) | 335 | (4.2) | 421 | (2.8) | 368 | (3.6) | 415 | (2.8) | 359 | (4.7) |
| Baku (Azerbaijan)6 | 398 | (3.2) | 377 | (1.8) | 397 | (2.7) | 362 | (2.9) | 430 | (3.4) | 405 | (2.8) | 428 | (3.0) | 390 | (3.9) | 405 | (3.1) | 388 | (2.1) | 404 | (2.6) | 375 | (2.7) |
| Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang (China) |
564 | (2.9) | 532 | (3.7) | 561 | (2.6) | 487 | (7.3) | 597 | (2.7) | 575 | (3.9) | 596 | (2.4) | 539 | (7.7) | 598 | (2.8) | 570 | (3.5) | 595 | (2.6) | 532 | (7.2) |
| Belarus | 479 | (2.4) | 417 | (6.1) | 476 | (2.3) | 382 | (10.8) | 477 | (2.6) | 413 | (6.1) | 474 | (2.6) | 389 | (13.9) | 475 | (2.3) | 422 | (5.6) | 473 | (2.4) | 401 | (11.0) |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
408 | (3.0) | 374 | (4.2) | 406 | (2.9) | 358 | (5.9) | 411 | (3.1) | 375 | (4.8) | 409 | (3.0) | 364 | (7.4) | 403 | (2.8) | 372 | (4.3) | 401 | (2.7) | 361 | (6.6) |
| Brazil2 | 440 | (2.5) | 383 | (1.8) | 422 | (2.1) | 367 | (4.2) | 409 | (2.4) | 355 | (2.1) | 391 | (2.1) | 347 | (3.1) | 429 | (2.5) | 375 | (1.8) | 411 | (2.1) | 366 | (3.7) |
| Brunei Darussalam | 428 | (1.2) | 374 | (1.7) | 422 | (1.0) | 365 | (2.2) | 447 | (1.4) | 401 | (2.2) | 443 | (1.4) | 392 | (2.5) | 450 | (1.4) | 399 | (2.1) | 444 | (1.3) | 391 | (3.0) |
| Bulgaria2 | 430 | (3.6) | 371 | (6.0) | 426 | (3.7) | 343 | (9.3) | 445 | (3.6) | 390 | (6.3) | 442 | (3.6) | 363 | (9.9) | 433 | (3.4) | 377 | (5.6) | 430 | (3.4) | 354 | (7.6) |
| Chinese Taipei | 512 | (3.0) | 468 | (3.4) | 505 | (2.9) | 468 | (6.4) | 540 | (3.0) | 497 | (3.5) | 533 | (2.9) | 497 | (7.4) | 524 | (3.1) | 483 | (3.4) | 517 | (2.9) | 488 | (7.1) |
Costa Rica2 |
441 | (3.8) | 391 | (2.5) | 435 | (3.7) | 387 | (3.3) | 414 | (3.9) | 373 | (3.2) | 410 | (3.6) | 370 | (3.6) | 429 | (3.7) | 384 | (3.1) | 424 | (3.5) | 380 | (3.7) |
| Croatia | 482 | (2.6) | 461 | (5.5) | 480 | (2.6) | 418 | (13.3) | 467 | (2.5) | 445 | (5.1) | 465 | (2.5) | 397 | (15.5) | 475 | (2.8) | 453 | (5.4) | 473 | (2.8) | 410 | (16.0) |
| Cyprus | 433 | (1.3) | 369 | (5.5) | 428 | (1.4) | 353 | (9.1) | 459 | (1.3) | 399 | (6.6) | 454 | (1.4) | 373 | (10.2) | 447 | (1.2) | 388 | (5.8) | 442 | (1.4) | 377 | (9.3) |
| Dominican Republic2 | 365 | (4.5) | 332 | (2.4) | 354 | (3.1) | 321 | (3.0) | 346 | (4.1) | 317 | (2.4) | 335 | (2.9) | 309 | (3.1) | 358 | (3.8) | 327 | (2.3) | 347 | (2.7) | 317 | (2.9) |
| Georgia | 392 | (2.3) | 352 | (2.8) | 386 | (2.2) | 344 | (4.9) | 409 | (2.7) | 372 | (3.7) | 403 | (2.6) | 365 | (6.3) | 394 | (2.4) | 359 | (3.3) | 388 | (2.4) | 353 | (6.3) |
Hong Kong (China)3 |
532 | (2.8) | 481 | (4.9) | 528 | (2.7) | 429 | (9.4) | 557 | (3.0) | 514 | (5.9) | 554 | (2.9) | 474 | (10.4) | 523 | (2.7) | 481 | (4.3) | 520 | (2.5) | 444 | (9.4) |
| Indonesia | 398 | (4.7) | 359 | (2.2) | 390 | (3.8) | 356 | (2.3) | 406 | (6.3) | 366 | (2.6) | 401 | (4.8) | 361 | (2.9) | 420 | (4.4) | 385 | (2.2) | 415 | (3.5) | 382 | (2.4) |
| Jordan2 | 431 | (2.9) | 403 | (3.5) | 430 | (2.7) | 379 | (4.7) | 409 | (3.7) | 388 | (3.8) | 407 | (3.3) | 374 | (5.3) | 441 | (2.9) | 412 | (3.4) | 438 | (2.9) | 399 | (5.0) |
| Kazakhstan | 398 | (1.6) | 362 | (1.7) | 392 | (1.5) | 355 | (2.2) | 432 | (2.1) | 407 | (2.7) | 427 | (2.0) | 405 | (4.2) | 408 | (2.0) | 374 | (2.3) | 402 | (1.8) | 372 | (3.1) |
| Kosovo | 358 | (1.3) | 345 | (2.6) | 358 | (1.2) | 324 | (3.5) | 371 | (1.4) | 355 | (3.7) | 371 | (1.6) | 327 | (4.8) | 370 | (1.3) | 356 | (2.7) | 370 | (1.2) | 334 | (3.5) |
Lebanon |
378 | (4.4) | 310 | (4.5) | 367 | (4.3) | 298 | (5.8) | 415 | (4.1) | 355 | (4.6) | 405 | (4.0) | 349 | (6.3) | 402 | (3.7) | 350 | (4.1) | 393 | (3.7) | 342 | (4.7) |
| Macao (China) | 529 | (1.3) | 483 | (5.3) | 526 | (1.3) | 438 | (14.6) | 561 | (1.6) | 523 | (6.3) | 558 | (1.6) | 510 | (13.6) | 547 | (1.6) | 510 | (5.3) | 544 | (1.5) | 483 | (13.1) |
| Malaysia2 | 437 | (3.7) | 393 | (2.4) | 426 | (3.1) | 380 | (2.9) | 467 | (3.8) | 414 | (2.1) | 453 | (3.0) | 401 | (2.8) | 461 | (3.5) | 414 | (2.3) | 448 | (2.9) | 403 | (2.7) |
| Malta | 457 | (1.8) | 363 | (8.1) | 454 | (1.8) | 299 | (11.3) | 480 | (2.0) | 399 | (7.9) | 478 | (2.1) | 343 | (11.7) | 464 | (1.9) | 390 | (8.0) | 462 | (1.9) | 339 | (11.3) |
| Moldova, Republic of | 437 | (2.6) | 380 | (3.4) | 433 | (2.4) | 364 | (4.3) | 433 | (2.6) | 376 | (4.2) | 429 | (2.5) | 360 | (6.4) | 440 | (2.4) | 389 | (3.9) | 436 | (2.3) | 378 | (5.0) |
Montenegro, Republic of |
426 | (1.2) | 393 | (3.0) | 424 | (1.1) | 392 | (5.1) | 435 | (1.4) | 401 | (4.2) | 433 | (1.3) | 402 | (7.1) | 420 | (1.4) | 389 | (3.3) | 418 | (1.3) | 391 | (4.8) |
| Morocco2 | 380 | (3.5) | 348 | (2.8) | 378 | (3.5) | 345 | (2.8) | 389 | (4.1) | 356 | (3.0) | 387 | (4.0) | 354 | (3.0) | 394 | (3.4) | 367 | (2.9) | 393 | (3.3) | 365 | (3.2) |
| North Macedonia | 403 | (1.2) | 338 | (6.5) | 398 | (1.1) | 339 | (15.5) | 404 | (1.6) | 345 | (5.9) | 399 | (1.5) | 354 | (16.1) | 422 | (1.6) | 363 | (6.7) | 417 | (1.5) | 368 | (15.2) |
| Panama2 | 407 | (3.6) | 354 | (2.7) | 403 | (3.5) | 350 | (3.1) | 377 | (3.4) | 334 | (3.0) | 375 | (3.3) | 330 | (3.7) | 393 | (3.6) | 345 | (2.7) | 389 | (3.4) | 343 | (3.1) |
| Peru2 | 433 | (3.3) | 366 | (2.4) | 427 | (3.7) | 369 | (2.4) | 430 | (2.8) | 369 | (2.3) | 423 | (3.2) | 373 | (2.3) | 431 | (3.0) | 376 | (2.2) | 426 | (3.4) | 379 | (2.2) |
Philippines2 |
363 | (5.4) | 327 | (2.1) | 363 | (4.9) | 321 | (2.2) | 372 | (5.2) | 343 | (2.8) | 372 | (4.7) | 338 | (3.0) | 378 | (5.1) | 346 | (2.5) | 377 | (4.7) | 342 | (2.7) |
| Qatar | 423 | (0.9) | 356 | (2.1) | 415 | (0.8) | 321 | (4.5) | 427 | (1.3) | 372 | (2.9) | 421 | (1.3) | 342 | (5.2) | 433 | (1.0) | 375 | (2.1) | 426 | (1.1) | 341 | (4.9) |
| Romania2 | 440 | (5.0) | 368 | (6.7) | 434 | (5.0) | 351 | (10.2) | 442 | (4.8) | 370 | (5.7) | 435 | (4.9) | 357 | (9.4) | 436 | (4.6) | 375 | (5.8) | 431 | (4.5) | 365 | (10.1) |
| Russian Federation | 483 | (2.8) | 427 | (6.3) | 481 | (3.0) | 401 | (8.5) | 492 | (2.8) | 449 | (5.9) | 490 | (2.9) | 430 | (12.2) | 482 | (2.7) | 440 | (5.3) | 480 | (2.8) | 430 | (9.7) |
| Saudi Arabia | 419 | (2.7) | 361 | (4.4) | 406 | (2.7) | 334 | (7.2) | 390 | (2.8) | 343 | (3.9) | 378 | (2.8) | 338 | (7.6) | 402 | (2.7) | 356 | (3.9) | 391 | (2.7) | 346 | (7.1) |
Serbia |
444 | (3.1) | 405 | (5.4) | 442 | (3.2) | 378 | (7.3) | 453 | (3.0) | 406 | (5.9) | 451 | (3.1) | 386 | (8.9) | 444 | (2.9) | 401 | (6.0) | 442 | (3.0) | 383 | (7.7) |
| Singapore | 558 | (1.7) | 490 | (3.8) | 552 | (1.7) | 443 | (8.6) | 577 | (1.8) | 515 | (3.8) | 571 | (1.6) | 475 | (12.3) | 559 | (1.5) | 496 | (4.1) | 553 | (1.5) | 442 | (8.9) |
| Thailand2 | 414 | (4.4) | 369 | (2.3) | 400 | (3.6) | 361 | (2.8) | 438 | (4.7) | 396 | (2.8) | 425 | (3.8) | 390 | (4.3) | 448 | (4.3) | 401 | (2.3) | 434 | (3.6) | 390 | (3.2) |
| Ukraine | 473 | (3.4) | 428 | (6.4) | 470 | (3.3) | 396 | (12.3) | 461 | (3.6) | 410 | (6.4) | 456 | (3.5) | 392 | (12.1) | 475 | (3.3) | 437 | (5.9) | 471 | (3.2) | 431 | (10.1) |
| United Arab Emirates | 441 | (2.3) | 383 | (3.3) | 438 | (2.3) | 352 | (4.7) | 442 | (2.2) | 395 | (3.5) | 439 | (2.1) | 378 | (5.7) | 442 | (2.0) | 390 | (3.5) | 439 | (2.0) | 373 | (5.0) |
Uruguay |
438 | (2.9) | 393 | (3.7) | 437 | (2.7) | 376 | (4.6) | 427 | (2.7) | 388 | (3.4) | 426 | (2.7) | 376 | (4.7) | 436 | (2.5) | 395 | (3.1) | 434 | (2.5) | 383 | (4.4) |
| Vietnam7 | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) |
| ---Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡Reporting standards not met. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Refers to the mean of the data values for all Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, to which each country contributes equally, regardless of the absolute size of the student population of each country. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 At least 50 percent but less than 75 percent of the 15-year-old population is covered by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) sample. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Did not meet 85 percent threshold for school participation. However, data are considered to be largely comparable with data from other countries or education systems. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Did not meet 80 percent threshold for student participation. However, data are considered to be largely comparable with data from other countries or education systems. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Although Spain's data met international technical standards, its reading literacy data show unusual student response behaviors that prevent these data from being reported at this time. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 Less than 50 percent of the 15-year-old population is covered by the PISA sample. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 Although Vietnam participated in PISA 2018, technical problems with its data prevent results from being included in this table. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), 2018, retrieved December 18, 2019, from https://pisadataexplorer.oecd.org/ide/idepisa/. (This table was prepared December 2019.) |
