Table 401.20.

Federal on-budget funds for education, by agency: Selected fiscal years, 1970 through 2021

[In thousands of dollars]
Agency	19701	19801	1990	2000	2010	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
	Current dollars
Total	$12,511,079	$34,465,612	$56,033,753	$94,257,817	$179,560,187	$199,611,510	$207,426,048	$200,023,892	$241,137,480	$217,316,354	$245,609,161	$344,698,012	$321,837,177
Department of Education2	4,625,224	13,137,785	23,198,575	34,106,697	80,886,361	95,402,189	100,421,930	88,871,248	127,025,204	97,614,576	121,964,676	214,177,488	190,212,857
Department of Agriculture	960,910	4,562,467	6,260,843	11,080,031	19,719,460	21,739,689	23,855,189	24,712,496	25,388,830	26,763,572	26,313,727	27,145,266	28,566,547
Department of Commerce	13,990	135,561	53,835	114,575	303,000	275,521	272,897	272,936	310,300	383,612	425,800	405,000	476,150
Department of Defense	821,388	1,560,301	3,605,509	4,525,080	7,686,288	7,297,021	7,006,346	7,194,204	7,230,743	7,920,474	8,414,529	9,771,446	10,298,276
Department of Energy	551,527	1,605,558	2,561,950	3,577,004	3,402,600	3,288,681	3,484,388	3,680,701	3,690,688	4,417,406	4,611,059	5,062,811	4,621,947
Department of Health and Human Services	1,127,521	3,712,930	11,906,197	24,961,831	39,742,472	39,071,095	38,996,167	41,076,948	42,492,380	44,973,040	47,938,911	51,298,849	52,901,595
Department of Homeland Security	†	†	†	†	540,229	371,808	372,144	332,266	312,254	301,672	297,220	398,905	392,182
Department of Housing and Urban Development	114,709	5,314	118	1,400	400	100	1,100	500	1,200	3,000	1,600	†	†
Department of the Interior	175,555	412,657	599,948	928,939	1,008,316	944,214	947,975	1,012,768	1,011,876	1,044,119	1,264,121	1,216,683	1,244,950
Department of Justice	15,728	60,721	99,775	292,859	219,993	240,957	233,264	265,780	242,304	197,797	198,897	211,604	269,591
Department of Labor	424,494	1,862,738	2,511,380	4,696,100	4,845,735	4,837,010	4,827,861	5,024,580	5,018,397	5,020,641	5,270,855	5,354,855	5,411,815
Department of State	59,742	25,188	51,225	388,349	801,180	835,741	870,920	864,395	854,326	914,232	963,196	1,014,776	1,031,957
Department of Transportation	27,534	54,712	76,186	117,054	160,243	168,000	178,050	182,614	188,918	228,054	591,293	703,821	752,144
Department of the Treasury	18	1,247,463	41,715	83,000	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Department of Veterans Affairs	1,032,918	2,351,233	757,476	1,577,374	8,795,010	13,085,173	13,517,156	13,960,336	14,423,386	14,477,963	13,346,406	14,344,614	11,970,448
Other agencies and programs
ACTION	†	2,833	8,472	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Agency for International Development	88,034	176,770	249,786	332,500	557,900	594,039	648,000	657,111	688,243	461,030	512,130	51,000	51,000
Appalachian Regional Commission	37,838	19,032	93	7,243	5,070	13,073	23,682	39,639	35,712	21,904	35,470	30,170	34,868
Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation	†	†	1,033	3,000	4,000	3,000	2,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	4,000	3,000
Corporation for National and Community Service	†	†	†	696,545	857,021	756,849	758,349	787,929	736,029	736,029	786,629	806,529	843,115
Environmental Protection Agency	19,446	41,083	87,481	98,900	54,700	86,100	68,600	56,600	51,500	51,400	52,500	52,700	54,700
Estimated education share of federal aid to the District of Columbia	33,019	81,847	104,940	127,127	159,670	210,732	147,424	129,091	161,031	147,483	163,831	180,845	224,253
Federal Emergency Management Agency	290	1,946	215	14,894	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
General Services Administration	14,775	34,800	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation	†	-1,895	2,883	3,000	2,000	1,000	1,000	1,000	1,000	1,000	1,000	2,000	2,000
Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native Culture and Arts Development	†	†	4,305	2,000	8,000	9,000	9,000	12,000	12,000	15,000	10,000	10,000	11,000
Institute of Museum and Library Services	†	†	†	166,000	282,251	226,860	227,860	230,000	230,000	229,000	242,000	252,000	452,000
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation	†	†	191	7,000	2,000	2,000	2,000	2,000	2,000	2,000	2,000	2,000	2,000
Japanese-United States Friendship Commission	†	2,294	2,299	3,000	2,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000
Library of Congress	29,478	151,871	189,827	299,000	510,877	455,760	464,449	469,547	500,915	510,412	524,642	551,892	583,217
National Aeronautics and Space Administration	258,366	255,511	1,093,303	2,077,830	1,585,500	2,287,755	2,355,450	2,522,132	2,683,000	2,894,900	3,242,500	3,345,300	2,828,475
National Archives and Records Administration	†	†	77,397	121,879	339,000	386,630	381,730	389,073	392,956	393,960	403,212	377,823	397,823
National Commission on Libraries and Information Science	†	2,090	3,281	2,000	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
National Endowment for the Arts	340	5,220	5,577	10,048	14,413	15,426	13,509	14,364	14,216	13,354	12,831	17,159	13,854
National Endowment for the Humanities	8,459	142,586	141,048	100,014	142,654	117,533	120,216	121,925	104,533	93,392	94,705	99,936	104,886
National Science Foundation	295,628	808,392	1,588,891	2,955,244	5,533,530	5,476,858	5,808,512	5,735,629	5,956,118	6,109,979	6,572,627	6,496,700	6,862,704
Nuclear Regulatory Commission	†	32,590	42,328	12,200	14,500	9,400	8,000	8,000	5,900	6,000	4,600	6,500	10,200
Office of Economic Opportunity	1,092,410	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Social Security Administration	669,333	1,901,000	489,814	729,036	1,281,700	1,328,700	1,327,200	1,319,900	1,294,600	1,288,700	1,263,600	1,219,000	1,118,100
Smithsonian Institution	2,461	5,153	5,779	25,764	28,814	28,796	29,979	27,779	27,538	28,070	28,060	28,840	31,322
U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency	100	661	25	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
United States Information Agency	8,423	66,210	201,547	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
United States Institute of Peace	†	†	7,621	13,000	49,000	37,000	35,000	35,300	37,884	37,884	38,634	45,000	45,000
Other agencies	1,421	990	885	300	14,300	4,800	5,700	7,100	5,500	8,700	9,900	9,500	10,200
	Constant fiscal year 2021 dollars3
Total	$81,027,470	$107,393,657	$110,216,884	$144,898,193	$216,514,131	$223,826,804	$231,354,431	$221,707,218	$262,839,853	$231,587,637	$257,207,310	$353,792,381	$321,837,177
Department of Education2	29,955,066	40,936,885	45,630,973	52,430,652	97,532,980	106,975,630	112,006,466	98,505,219	138,457,472	104,024,978	127,724,088	219,828,258	190,212,857
Department of Agriculture	6,223,293	14,216,490	12,314,910	17,032,820	23,777,775	24,376,977	26,607,091	27,391,422	27,673,825	28,521,150	27,556,313	27,861,455	28,566,547
Department of Commerce	90,606	422,403	105,892	176,131	365,358	308,945	304,378	302,523	338,227	408,804	445,907	415,685	476,150
Department of Defense	5,319,684	4,861,844	7,091,939	6,956,197	9,268,146	8,182,238	7,814,588	7,974,082	7,881,509	8,440,616	8,811,880	10,029,252	10,298,276
Department of Energy	3,571,941	5,002,863	5,039,287	5,498,763	4,102,864	3,687,638	3,886,342	4,079,703	4,022,850	4,707,499	4,828,802	5,196,386	4,621,947
Department of Health and Human Services	7,302,342	11,569,362	23,419,169	38,372,671	47,921,574	43,810,892	43,494,712	45,529,841	46,316,694	47,926,444	50,202,681	52,652,296	52,901,595
Department of Homeland Security	†	†	†	†	651,410	416,913	415,074	368,285	340,357	321,483	311,255	409,430	392,182
Department of Housing and Urban Development	742,908	16,558	232	2,152	482	112	1,227	554	1,308	3,197	1,676	†	†
Department of the Interior	1,136,974	1,285,825	1,180,082	1,428,015	1,215,830	1,058,758	1,057,332	1,122,556	1,102,945	1,112,687	1,323,815	1,248,783	1,244,950
Department of Justice	101,862	189,205	196,255	450,199	265,268	270,188	260,173	294,592	264,111	210,786	208,289	217,187	269,591
Department of Labor	2,749,217	5,804,227	4,939,817	7,219,098	5,843,000	5,423,798	5,384,796	5,569,263	5,470,053	5,350,349	5,519,755	5,496,135	5,411,815
Department of State	386,917	78,485	100,758	596,991	966,065	937,127	971,388	958,099	931,215	974,270	1,008,680	1,041,549	1,031,957
Department of Transportation	178,323	170,481	149,855	179,942	193,221	188,380	198,590	202,410	205,921	243,030	619,215	722,390	752,144
Department of the Treasury	117	3,887,052	82,052	127,592	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Department of Veterans Affairs	6,689,649	7,326,361	1,489,935	2,424,824	10,605,045	14,672,563	15,076,477	15,473,688	15,721,491	15,428,739	13,976,650	14,723,076	11,970,448
Other agencies and programs
ACTION	†	8,828	16,664	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Agency for International Development	570,148	550,809	491,322	511,137	672,717	666,103	722,752	728,344	750,185	491,306	536,314	52,346	51,000
Appalachian Regional Commission	245,056	59,303	183	11,134	6,113	14,659	26,413	43,937	38,926	23,342	37,145	30,966	34,868
Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation	†	†	2,032	4,612	4,823	3,364	2,231	3,325	3,270	3,197	3,142	4,106	3,000
Corporation for National and Community Service	†	†	†	1,070,766	1,033,398	848,664	845,831	873,343	802,272	784,364	823,775	827,808	843,115
Environmental Protection Agency	125,941	128,013	172,073	152,034	65,957	96,545	76,514	62,736	56,135	54,775	54,979	54,090	54,700
Estimated education share of federal aid to the District of Columbia	213,846	255,032	206,414	195,426	192,530	236,296	164,431	143,085	175,524	157,168	171,567	185,616	224,253
Federal Emergency Management Agency	1,878	6,064	423	22,896	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
General Services Administration	95,690	108,436	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation	†	-5,905	5,671	4,612	2,412	1,121	1,115	1,108	1,090	1,066	1,047	2,053	2,000
Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native Culture and Arts Development	†	†	8,468	3,075	9,646	10,092	10,038	13,301	13,080	15,985	10,472	10,264	11,000
Institute of Museum and Library Services	†	†	†	255,184	340,339	254,381	254,146	254,933	250,700	244,039	253,428	258,649	452,000
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation	†	†	376	10,761	2,412	2,243	2,231	2,217	2,180	2,131	2,094	2,053	2,000
Japanese-United States Friendship Commission	†	7,148	4,522	4,612	2,412	3,364	3,346	3,325	3,270	3,197	3,142	3,079	3,000
Library of Congress	190,913	473,225	373,385	459,639	616,017	511,049	518,027	520,448	545,997	543,931	549,417	566,453	583,217
National Aeronautics and Space Administration	1,673,296	796,163	2,150,498	3,194,152	1,911,800	2,565,287	2,627,171	2,795,540	2,924,470	3,085,010	3,395,617	3,433,561	2,828,475
National Archives and Records Administration	†	†	152,238	187,359	408,767	433,533	425,766	431,250	428,322	419,832	422,252	387,791	397,823
National Commission on Libraries and Information Science	†	6,512	6,454	3,075	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
National Endowment for the Arts	2,202	16,265	10,970	15,446	17,379	17,297	15,067	15,921	15,495	14,231	13,437	17,612	13,854
National Endowment for the Humanities	54,784	444,293	277,438	153,747	172,012	131,791	134,084	135,142	113,941	99,525	99,177	102,573	104,886
National Science Foundation	1,914,622	2,518,922	3,125,306	4,542,960	6,672,345	6,141,267	6,478,574	6,357,392	6,492,168	6,511,224	6,883,000	6,668,106	6,862,704
Nuclear Regulatory Commission	†	101,549	83,258	18,754	17,484	10,540	8,923	8,867	6,431	6,394	4,817	6,671	10,200
Office of Economic Opportunity	7,074,947	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Social Security Administration	4,334,907	5,923,450	963,451	1,120,713	1,545,477	1,489,887	1,480,304	1,462,982	1,411,114	1,373,330	1,323,270	1,251,162	1,118,100
Smithsonian Institution	15,939	16,057	11,367	39,606	34,744	32,289	33,437	30,790	30,016	29,913	29,385	29,601	31,322
U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency	648	2,060	49	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
United States Information Agency	54,551	206,308	396,438	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
United States Institute of Peace	†	†	14,990	19,984	59,084	41,489	39,038	39,127	41,294	40,372	40,458	46,187	45,000
Other agencies	9,203	3,085	1,741	461	17,243	5,382	6,358	7,870	5,995	9,271	10,367	9,751	10,200

†Not applicable.

1 Excludes federal support for medical education benefits under Medicare in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Benefits are excluded because data before fiscal year (FY) 1990 are not available. This program has existed since Medicare began but was not available as a separate budget item until FY 1990.

2 The U.S. Department of Education was created in May 1980. It formerly was the Office of Education in the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. This table does not include education funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) because these funds are included only in tables that show FY 2009. Most of these funds had a 2-year availability, meaning they were available for the Department of Education to obligate during FY 2009 and FY 2010.

3 Data adjusted by the federal budget composite deflator, as reported in the U.S. Office of Management and Budget's Budget of the U.S. Government, Historical Tables, Fiscal Year 2023.

NOTE: To the extent possible, federal education funds data do not represent obligations but instead represent appropriations or (especially for earlier years) outlays. Negative amounts occur when program receipts exceed outlays. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, unpublished tabulations. U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government, Appendix; and supplemental agency budget documents, fiscal years 1972 through 2023. National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and Development, fiscal years 1970 through 2022. (This table was prepared June 2022.)