Table 314.10.

Total and full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff and FTE student/FTE staff ratios in postsecondary institutions participating in Title IV aid programs, by degree-granting status, control of institution, and primary occupation: Fall 1999, fall 2009, and fall 2021

Degree-granting status, control of institution, and primary occupation	Fall 1999				Fall 2009				Fall 2021
	Total		Full-time-equivalent (FTE)		Total		Full-time-equivalent (FTE)		Total		Full-time-equivalent (FTE)
	Number	Percent	Total	FTE students per FTE staff	Number	Percent	Total	FTE students per FTE staff	Number	Percent	Total	FTE students per FTE staff
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
All Title IV institutions	2,964,535	100.0	2,299,290	4.9	3,795,744	100.0	2,885,823	5.5	3,874,123	100.0	3,004,107	4.8
Faculty (instruction/research/public    service)	1,072,202	36.2	765,284	14.8	1,476,716	38.9	992,148	16.0	1,529,604	39.5	1,079,152	13.3
Graduate assistants	242,525	8.2	80,842	139.8	343,204	9.0	114,401	138.6	392,270	10.1	130,757	109.7
Other staff	1,649,808	55.7	1,453,164	7.8	1,975,824	52.1	1,779,273	8.9	1,952,249	50.4	1,794,198	8.0
Degree-granting institutions
Total	2,902,479	100.0	2,252,050	4.9	3,724,661	100.0	2,829,757	5.4	3,817,214	100.0	2,959,438	4.7
Faculty (instruction/research/public    service)	1,037,529	35.7	741,426	14.8	1,439,074	38.6	965,793	15.9	1,499,186	39.3	1,057,801	13.3
Graduate assistants	240,995	8.3	80,332	136.6	343,204	9.2	114,401	134.4	392,270	10.3	130,757	107.3
Other staff	1,623,955	56.0	1,430,292	7.7	1,942,383	52.1	1,749,563	8.8	1,925,758	50.4	1,770,880	7.9
Public	1,999,704	100.0	1,524,881	5.3	2,442,693	100.0	1,832,312	5.9	2,508,734	100.0	1,932,213	5.1
Faculty (instruction/research/       public service)	718,585	35.9	511,400	15.8	913,788	37.4	623,675	17.2	944,925	37.7	679,183	14.4
Graduate assistants	201,611	10.1	67,204	119.9	275,878	11.3	91,959	116.9	306,157	12.2	102,052	95.7
Other staff	1,079,508	54.0	946,277	8.5	1,253,027	51.3	1,116,678	9.6	1,257,652	50.1	1,150,978	8.5
Private nonprofit	847,615	100.0	688,914	3.7	1,074,042	100.0	856,067	3.7	1,201,350	100.0	955,536	3.7
Faculty (instruction/research/       public service)	288,663	34.1	213,130	11.9	408,382	38.0	287,116	11.1	488,861	40.7	346,014	10.1
Graduate assistants	37,421	4.4	12,474	203.8	67,057	6.2	22,352	142.3	85,802	7.1	28,601	122.0
Other staff	521,531	61.5	463,310	5.5	598,603	55.7	546,599	5.8	626,687	52.2	580,921	6.0
Private for-profit	55,160	100.0	38,255	9.8	207,926	100.0	141,378	10.3	107,130	100.0	71,689	10.8
Faculty (instruction/research/       public service)	30,281	54.9	16,896	22.1	116,904	56.2	55,002	26.4	65,400	61.0	32,604	23.7
Graduate assistants	1,963	3.6	654	570.3	269	0.1	90	16,188.6	311	0.3	104	7,467.0
Other staff	22,916	41.5	20,705	18.0	90,753	43.6	86,286	16.8	41,419	38.7	38,981	19.9
Non-degree-granting institutions1
Total	62,056	100.0	47,239	6.9	71,083	100.0	56,066	8.5	56,909	100.0	44,669	6.9
Faculty (instruction/research/public    service)	34,673	55.9	23,858	13.7	37,642	53.0	26,355	18.1	30,418	53.5	21,351	14.5
Graduate assistants	1,530	2.5	510	641.0	0	0	0	†	0	0	0	†
Other staff	25,853	41.7	22,872	14.3	33,441	47.0	29,710	16.1	26,491	46.5	23,318	13.3
Public	29,220	100.0	21,583	5.8	21,599	100.0	15,728	6.0	21,496	100.0	15,851	4.5
Faculty (instruction/research/       public service)	18,085	61.9	12,040	10.4	13,266	61.4	8,510	11.0	11,696	54.4	7,450	9.6
Graduate assistants	487	1.7	162	774.0	0	0	0	†	0	0	0	†
Other staff	10,648	36.4	9,380	13.4	8,333	38.6	7,218	13.0	9,800	45.6	8,401	8.5
Private nonprofit	4,712	100.0	3,677	6.4	5,087	100.0	4,141	5.7	2,969	100.0	2,401	5.1
Faculty (instruction/research/       public service)	2,365	50.2	1,674	14.0	2,442	48.0	1,834	12.8	1,514	51.0	1,105	11.2
Graduate assistants	78	1.7	26	902.1	0	0	0	†	0	0	0	†
Other staff	2,269	48.2	1,976	11.9	2,645	52.0	2,307	10.2	1,455	49.0	1,296	9.5
Private for-profit	28,124	100.0	21,980	8.1	44,397	100.0	36,197	9.9	32,444	100.0	26,417	8.5
Faculty (instruction/research/       public service)	14,223	50.6	10,143	17.5	21,934	49.4	16,011	22.5	17,208	53.0	12,796	17.6
Graduate assistants	965	3.4	322	552.8	0	0	0	†	0	0	0	†
Other staff	12,936	46.0	11,515	15.4	22,463	50.6	20,186	17.8	15,236	47.0	13,621	16.5

†Not applicable.

1Includes some non-degree-granting institutions transitioning to higher level program offerings, though still classified at a lower level.

NOTE: Data in this table represent the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Non-degree-granting institutions do not offer accredited 4-year or 2-year degree programs, but participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Full-time-equivalent staff is the full-time staff, plus the full-time equivalent of the part-time staff. Data for 2009 and 2021 include institutions with fewer than 15 full-time employees; these institutions did not report staff data prior to 2007. By definition, all graduate assistants are part time. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Fall Enrollment Survey" (IPEDS-EF:99) and "Fall Staff Survey" (IPEDS-S:99); IPEDS Spring 2010 and Spring 2022, Fall Enrollment component; IPEDS Winter 2009-10, Human Resources Component, Fall Staff Section; and IPEDS Spring 2022, Human Resources component, Fall Staff section. (This table was prepared January 2023.)