Table 236.60.

Total and current expenditures per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by function and subfunction: Selected school years, 1990-91 through 2019-20

Function and subfunction	Expenditures per pupil in unadjusted dollars1										Expenditures per pupil in constant 2021-22 dollars2
	1990-91		2000-01	2009-10	2010-11	2015-16	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-203	1990-91		2000-01	2009-10	2010-11	2015-16	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-203
1	2		3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11		12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19
Total expenditures4	$5,484		$8,572	$12,133	$12,054	$13,299	$13,834	$14,359	$15,036	$15,518	$11,548		$13,806	$15,788	$15,377	$15,741	$16,078	$16,320	$16,743	$17,013
Current expenditures for public    schools	4,902		7,380	10,636	10,663	11,842	12,260	12,649	13,189	13,489	10,323		11,887	13,840	13,601	14,017	14,249	14,377	14,686	14,789
Salaries	3,220	5	4,752	6,366	6,300	6,748	6,927	7,048	7,294	7,548	6,782	5	7,654	8,283	8,036	7,987	8,051	8,011	8,122	8,276
Employee benefits	824	5	1,228	2,199	2,260	2,717	2,879	3,017	3,191	3,280	1,735	5	1,978	2,861	2,883	3,216	3,346	3,429	3,553	3,596
Purchased services	397	5	673	1,053	1,082	1,283	1,326	1,414	1,489	1,486	837	5	1,084	1,371	1,380	1,518	1,541	1,607	1,658	1,629
Tuition	29	5	52	96	101	114	121	170	178	178	61	5	84	125	129	135	141	194	198	195
Supplies	359	5	599	818	817	869	886	896	925	883	757	5	964	1,064	1,043	1,029	1,030	1,018	1,030	968
Other	72	5	76	104	103	111	120	103	111	115	152	5	122	136	131	131	139	117	124	126
Instruction	2,965		4,541	6,511	6,522	7,212	7,445	7,671	7,970	8,158	6,245		7,314	8,472	8,320	8,537	8,653	8,719	8,875	8,945
Salaries	2,202		3,273	4,347	4,307	4,578	4,687	4,752	4,900	5,053	4,636		5,272	5,656	5,494	5,418	5,448	5,401	5,456	5,540
Employee benefits	542		837	1,481	1,522	1,843	1,947	2,034	2,149	2,199	1,142		1,349	1,927	1,941	2,182	2,263	2,312	2,393	2,411
Purchased services	66		136	281	297	358	366	388	404	402	139		219	365	379	424	425	442	450	441
Tuition	29		52	96	101	114	121	170	178	178	61		84	125	129	135	141	194	198	195
Supplies	111		220	277	266	290	295	297	308	301	234		354	361	339	343	343	338	343	330
Textbooks	---		---	52	47	50	52	55	49	51	---		---	67	60	60	61	62	55	56
Other	15		22	29	30	28	28	29	30	26	32		35	38	38	34	33	33	33	28
Student support6	217		366	591	594	676	712	751	809	850	456		590	768	758	800	828	854	901	932
Salaries	159		262	393	392	429	447	466	498	528	335		422	512	500	508	520	529	554	579
Employee benefits	40		64	128	132	166	181	195	212	225	85		104	167	169	197	210	221	236	247
Purchased services	11		28	50	52	64	67	73	80	78	23		45	66	67	75	78	83	89	85
Supplies	5		9	11	11	12	13	13	14	14	10		14	14	13	15	15	15	16	16
Other	1		3	7	7	4	4	5	5	5	3		5	10	9	5	5	5	6	5
Instructional staff support7	205		337	509	503	556	578	604	637	681	433		543	662	642	659	671	687	709	746
Salaries	135		207	301	293	319	331	336	350	375	284		334	391	374	378	385	382	389	411
Employee benefits	34		50	98	100	117	126	132	142	150	72		80	128	127	139	146	150	158	164
Purchased services	15		42	69	70	78	79	93	99	107	32		68	89	89	93	91	105	110	117
Supplies	19		33	37	37	37	38	38	41	43	40		53	48	47	44	44	43	46	47
Other	2		4	5	4	4	4	5	5	6	5		7	6	6	5	5	6	6	7
General administration	141		151	211	212	239	242	234	247	263	296		243	275	271	283	282	266	275	288
Salaries	63		71	90	89	97	100	99	105	108	133		114	117	114	115	117	113	116	119
Employee benefits	19		21	37	38	41	44	45	47	49	40		34	48	48	49	52	51	52	53
Purchased services	36		44	64	65	80	76	69	74	83	76		72	83	83	95	88	79	82	91
Supplies	4		4	5	5	5	5	6	6	6	9		7	6	6	6	6	7	7	7
Other	18		10	16	16	15	16	15	16	16	39		15	21	20	18	19	17	17	17
School administration	284		415	579	580	659	685	721	750	771	598		668	753	739	781	796	820	835	845
Salaries	217		314	413	408	452	466	486	503	518	457		506	537	521	535	542	552	560	568
Employee benefits	55		78	136	141	171	183	198	211	216	115		126	177	180	203	212	225	234	237
Purchased services	6		13	19	19	23	23	24	23	24	13		21	25	24	27	26	27	26	26
Supplies	5		8	9	9	9	10	10	10	9	10		13	11	11	11	11	11	11	10
Other	2		2	3	3	3	4	4	4	4	3		3	3	4	4	4	4	4	4
Operation and maintenance	517		721	1,014	1,015	1,093	1,140	1,174	1,216	1,224	1,088		1,161	1,319	1,295	1,294	1,325	1,334	1,354	1,342
Salaries	215		285	364	356	372	382	376	388	399	452		459	474	454	440	444	427	432	438
Employee benefits	64		80	143	146	165	174	174	181	186	135		129	186	186	195	202	198	201	204
Purchased services	139		204	265	270	316	337	369	386	386	292		329	345	344	374	392	419	430	424
Supplies	91		146	233	235	233	239	247	253	242	192		234	303	300	276	278	281	281	266
Other	8		6	9	9	8	8	8	9	10	17		10	12	11	9	9	9	10	11
Student transportation	211		298	442	452	483	502	524	553	519	443		480	576	577	572	583	596	616	570
Salaries	80		115	155	152	163	169	173	180	181	168		184	201	194	193	196	197	200	198
Employee benefits	22		34	62	63	72	75	80	83	83	46		54	80	81	85	88	91	92	91
Purchased services	81		122	182	185	206	214	222	238	214	171		197	237	236	244	249	253	265	235
Supplies	23		25	40	48	37	39	43	47	37	49		40	52	61	44	45	49	52	40
Other	5		3	4	4	5	5	5	6	5	10		4	5	5	6	6	6	6	6
Other support services8	136		242	348	349	429	455	463	490	525	286		390	453	445	508	529	527	546	576
Salaries	70		117	165	165	190	196	205	212	222	148		188	215	210	225	227	233	236	244
Employee benefits	24		34	64	67	81	85	93	98	102	50		54	83	85	95	99	106	110	112
Purchased services	19		59	79	78	102	108	116	124	132	41		95	103	100	120	125	132	138	144
Supplies	7		13	17	18	25	26	26	29	33	15		21	22	23	29	31	30	32	36
Other	15		19	23	21	32	40	22	27	36	31		31	30	27	38	46	26	30	39
Food services	205		293	405	412	470	477	481	494	477	431		471	527	526	556	554	547	550	523
Salaries	---		105	131	131	141	143	148	152	157	---		169	171	167	167	166	168	169	172
Employee benefits	---		29	49	50	58	60	64	66	68	---		47	64	64	69	70	72	73	74
Purchased services	---		20	39	42	51	53	55	58	56	---		31	51	53	60	61	63	65	61
Supplies	---		136	181	184	214	215	209	212	191	---		219	236	235	253	250	237	236	210
Other	---		3	5	5	6	6	6	6	5	---		4	6	6	7	7	7	7	6
Enterprise operations9	23		16	25	22	24	25	25	24	22	48		26	33	29	28	29	28	26	24
Salaries	---		3	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	---		4	9	9	8	8	8	8	8
Employee benefits	---		1	2	2	2	3	3	3	3	---		1	2	3	3	3	3	3	3
Purchased services	---		4	5	3	4	4	4	4	4	---		6	7	4	5	5	4	4	4
Supplies	---		5	7	6	6	7	6	6	5	---		8	10	7	7	8	7	7	6
Other	---		4	4	4	5	4	4	4	3	---		7	6	5	5	5	5	4	3
Capital outlay10	477		976	1,148	1,029	1,109	1,210	1,326	1,443	1,605	1,004		1,572	1,493	1,313	1,313	1,407	1,508	1,607	1,760
Interest on school debt	105		215	349	363	348	363	384	404	424	221		347	455	463	411	422	436	450	465

---Not available.

1Unadjusted (or "current") dollars have not been adjusted to compensate for inflation.

2Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.

3Excludes prekindergarten expenditures and prekindergarten enrollment for California.

4Excludes "Other current expenditures," such as community services, private school programs, adult education, and other programs not allocable to expenditures per pupil in public schools.

5Includes estimated data for subfunctions of food services and enterprise operations.

6Includes expenditures for guidance, health, attendance, and speech pathology services.

7Includes expenditures for curriculum development, staff training, libraries, and media and computer centers.

8Includes business support services concerned with paying, transporting, exchanging, and maintaining goods and services for local education agencies; central support services, including planning, research, evaluation, information, staff, and data processing services; and other support services.

9Includes expenditures for operations funded by sales of products or services (e.g., school bookstore or computer time).

10Includes expenditures for property and for buildings and alterations completed by school district staff or contractors.

NOTE: Data in this table represent the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "National Public Education Financial Survey," 1990-91 through 2018-19. (This table was prepared December 2022.)