Table 234.50.

State policies on teacher standards, requirements for initial teaching credentials, and alternative routes to initial teaching credentials, by state or jurisdiction: Academic year 2019-20

State	Teacher standards							Number of initial teaching credential programs offered							Content-specific bachelor's degrees required for all initial teaching credentials, by instructional level			Number of alternative route programs offered
	Standards for initial teacher certification or licensure	Unique, overarching standards that currently apply to all teaching fields and grade levels	Distinct state teacher standards					Total	Number of initial teaching credential programs offered, by requirement						Elementary-level certificates	Middle-level certificates	Secondary-level certificates	Total	Number of alternative route programs offered, by requirement
			Early childhood education (birth through age 6)	Early elementary education (grades K-3)	Upper elementary education (grades 4-6)	Middle grades education	Secondary education		Bachelor's degree	Bachelor's degree in education	Credit hour requirement	Grade point average (GPA) requirement	Assessments	Supervised clinical experience					Bachelor's degree	Bachelor's degree in a subject area	Pedagogy or professional knowledge classes	Credit hour requirement	GPA requirement	Assessments	Supervised clinical experience
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26
Alabama	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	12	8	0	1	7	9	3	No	No	No	6	6	0	3	1	2	6	4
Alaska	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	No	No	No	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Arizona	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	4	3	0	0	0	2	1	No	No	No	2	2	0	1	0	0	2	1
Arkansas	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	4	2	0	0	0	2	1	No	No	No	17	16	8	17	10	11	17	13
California	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	12	10	0	8	6	10	8	No	No	No	2	2	0	2	2	2	2	2
Colorado	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	5	3	0	3	0	1	1	No	No	No	2	2	0	2	2	0	2	2
Connecticut	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	4	4	0	2	0	4	2	Yes	Yes	Yes	8	8	3	6	0	5	4	2
Delaware	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	62	56	0	19	1	50	0	No	No	No	8	8	3	8	8	8	8	4
District of Columbia	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	2	0	0	0	0	2	0	No	No	No	1	0	†	1	1	0	1	1
Florida	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	No	No	No	2	2	0	2	0	0	2	2
Georgia	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	4	3	0	0	2	3	2	No	No	No	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1
Hawaii	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	2	2	0	0	0	1	1	No	No	No	13	13	6	11	12	11	13	13
Idaho	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	6	4	0	3	0	4	3	No	No	No	3	3	0	1	1	0	2	1
Illinois	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	9	7	6	0	5	8	5	No	No	No	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0
Indiana	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	3	3	0	2	0	1	1	No	Yes	No	3	3	0	3	1	0	3	3
Iowa	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	6	5	0	1	0	1	5	No	No	No	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Kansas	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	8	4	0	4	1	2	1	No	Yes	No	3	2	1	3	2	2	1	3
Kentucky	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	9	7	0	1	6	7	3	No	No	No	9	9	4	4	1	6	6	2
Louisiana	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	12	10	2	8	7	8	8	No	No	No	3	3	0	3	3	3	3	3
Maine	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	2	2	0	0	0	1	0	No	No	No	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Maryland	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	4	4	0	4	4	4	3	No	Yes	Yes	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1
Massachusetts	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	31	31	0	0	0	30	30	No	No	No	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1
Michigan	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	2	2	0	2	2	1	1	No	No	No	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1
Minnesota	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	No	No	Yes	2	1	0	2	0	0	2	2
Mississippi	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	12	9	2	10	7	9	4	No	No	No	5	5	1	4	2	5	4	5
Missouri	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	No	Yes	Yes	3	3	2	2	1	2	3	0
Montana	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	2	1	0	0	0	0	1	No	No	No	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Nebraska	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	5	4	2	3	2	1	2	No	No	No	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1
Nevada	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	6	5	0	4	0	5	3	No	No	No	6	6	0	6	6	0	6	6
New Hampshire	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	86	46	5	0	4	86	39	No	No	No	4	4	1	0	0	2	4	2
New Jersey	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	3	3	0	0	3	3	1	No	No	No	2	2	0	2	2	2	2	2
New Mexico	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	10	10	6	9	3	10	9	No	No	No	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1
New York	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	2	2	0	2	2	1	2	No	Yes	Yes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
North Carolina	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	8	7	3	2	3	3	3	No	No	No	6	5	1	3	2	2	2	1
North Dakota	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	2	2	1	2	1	1	2	No	Yes	Yes	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Ohio	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	4	4	0	1	1	2	1	No	No	No	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0
Oklahoma	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	4	4	0	1	0	3	0	No	No	No	3	3	0	3	3	0	3	1
Oregon	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	3	3	0	1	1	3	2	No	No	No	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
Pennsylvania	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	3	3	0	1	2	3	2	No	No	No	2	2	0	2	1	1	2	2
Rhode Island	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	No	No	No	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1
South Carolina	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	3	2	0	3	2	3	2	No	No	No	9	9	7	8	8	8	9	4
South Dakota	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	8	4	3	0	3	4	2	No	No	No	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1
Tennessee	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	5	4	0	0	0	1	1	No	No	No	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1
Texas	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	Yes	Yes	Yes	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1
Utah	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	5	2	0	1	1	2	1	No	No	No	2	1	0	1	0	0	2	0
Vermont	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	2	1	0	0	1	2	2	No	Yes	No	5	4	0	3	2	2	5	5
Virginia	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	3	3	0	3	0	3	3	Yes	Yes	Yes	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1
Washington	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	3	1	0	1	0	1	2	No	No	No	4	3	0	4	1	0	4	4
West Virginia	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	10	8	3	4	9	7	6	No	No	No	2	2	1	2	2	2	2	2
Wisconsin	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	Yes	Yes	Yes	9	9	6	8	3	5	8	7
Wyoming	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	2	1	0	0	0	1	1	No	No	No	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---

---Not available.

†Not applicable.

NOTE: Data in this table represent the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education, Higher Education Act Title II, retrieved October 15, 2022, from https://title2.ed.gov/Public/DataTools/Tables.aspx. (This table was prepared January 2023.)