Table 230.20.

Percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported that gangs were present at school during the school year, by selected student and school characteristics: Selected years, 2001 through 2019

[Standard errors appear in parentheses]
Student or school characteristic	20011			20031			20051			2007			2009			2011			2013			2015			2017			20192
1	2			3			4			5			6			7			8			9			10			11
Total	20.3		(0.72)	21.0		(0.71)	24.2		(0.93)	23.2		(0.80)	20.4		(0.85)	17.5		(0.71)	12.4		(0.62)	10.7		(0.60)	8.6		(0.48)	9.0		(0.52)
Sex
Male	21.5		(0.87)	22.4		(0.95)	25.3		(1.07)	25.1		(1.07)	20.9		(1.12)	17.5		(0.95)	12.9		(0.85)	10.9		(0.79)	7.9		(0.62)	9.5		(0.71)
Female	18.9		(0.90)	19.6		(0.80)	22.9		(1.09)	21.3		(0.87)	19.9		(1.03)	17.5		(0.88)	12.0		(0.73)	10.4		(0.82)	9.3		(0.73)	8.5		(0.64)
Race/ethnicity3
White	15.5		(0.73)	14.2		(0.59)	16.7		(0.83)	16.0		(0.70)	14.1		(0.79)	11.1		(0.67)	7.4		(0.63)	7.4		(0.56)	5.3		(0.50)	6.3		(0.50)
Black	28.8		(1.92)	29.7		(2.15)	37.5		(2.42)	37.5		(2.28)	31.4		(2.62)	32.7		(2.23)	18.6		(1.72)	17.1		(1.85)	16.6		(1.75)	14.7		(2.08)
Hispanic	32.3		(1.84)	37.3		(1.73)	38.9		(2.69)	36.1		(2.04)	33.0		(2.20)	26.4		(1.55)	20.1		(1.34)	15.3		(1.45)	12.3		(1.13)	12.5		(1.23)
Asian/Pacific Islander	23.3		(2.38)	21.8		(3.04)	21.3		(2.59)	18.1		(2.58)	16.9		(3.14)	10.1		(2.09)	9.8		(1.85)	5.0	!	(1.58)	2.4	!	(0.96)	5.3		(1.34)
Asian	---		(†)	21.2		(3.03)	20.3		(2.61)	17.4		(2.72)	17.2		(3.21)	9.9		(2.24)	9.4		(1.85)	4.1	!	(1.47)	2.0	!	(0.89)	4.5		(1.33)
Pacific Islander	---		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
American Indian/Alaska Native	13.2	!	(4.49)	24.8	!	(10.51)	‡		(†)	17.2	!	(6.52)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	18.3	!	(9.01)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	15.8	!	(7.12)
Two or more races	---		(†)	22.3		(3.65)	23.6		(4.85)	28.3		(4.52)	18.0		(5.18)	10.3		(2.58)	13.3		(3.10)	13.5		(3.77)	9.7		(2.65)	9.1		(2.38)
Grade
6th	11.3		(1.29)	10.9		(1.28)	12.1		(1.41)	15.3		(1.99)	11.0		(1.76)	8.2		(1.20)	5.0		(1.15)	5.7		(1.13)	4.8		(1.10)	5.8		(1.30)
7th	15.8		(1.09)	16.4		(1.15)	17.3		(1.21)	17.4		(1.28)	14.8		(1.70)	10.2		(1.08)	7.7		(0.96)	6.8		(0.95)	5.4		(0.82)	5.5		(0.82)
8th	17.4		(1.23)	17.9		(1.29)	19.1		(1.79)	20.6		(1.68)	15.9		(1.60)	11.3		(1.02)	7.8		(0.96)	7.2		(1.00)	6.6		(0.96)	5.9		(0.86)
9th	24.3		(1.27)	26.2		(1.45)	28.3		(1.59)	28.0		(1.51)	24.9		(2.01)	21.7		(1.47)	13.9		(1.43)	13.3		(1.42)	10.9		(1.15)	11.6		(1.44)
10th	23.8		(1.49)	26.6		(1.39)	32.6		(1.89)	28.1		(1.73)	27.7		(1.75)	23.0		(1.63)	17.7		(1.46)	13.3		(1.27)	11.4		(1.16)	12.1		(1.21)
11th	24.2		(1.56)	23.5		(1.67)	28.0		(1.89)	25.9		(1.61)	22.6		(1.53)	23.2		(1.74)	17.1		(1.65)	13.3		(1.74)	9.7		(1.15)	9.9		(1.25)
12th	21.2		(1.55)	22.4		(1.52)	27.9		(2.16)	24.4		(1.69)	21.9		(2.02)	21.3		(1.82)	14.6		(1.58)	13.1		(1.58)	9.8		(1.28)	11.0		(1.37)
School locale4
City	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	15.4		(1.33)	12.3		(1.06)	13.5		(1.22)
Suburban	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	11.0		(0.77)	7.4		(0.65)	7.9		(0.76)
Town	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	8.3		(1.51)	9.1		(1.74)	8.9		(1.76)
Rural	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	---		(†)	4.9		(1.08)	5.6		(0.74)	6.0		(0.84)
Control of school4,5
Public	21.7		(0.78)	22.6		(0.78)	25.8		(1.01)	24.9		(0.87)	22.0		(0.89)	18.9		(0.77)	13.3		(0.67)	11.4		(0.65)	9.2		(0.52)	9.8		(0.57)
Private	5.0		(1.06)	3.9		(0.82)	4.2		(0.94)	5.2		(1.14)	2.3	!	(0.82)	1.9	!	(0.69)	2.3	!	(0.94)	2.0	!	(0.86)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)

---Not available.

†Not applicable.

!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.

‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater.

1 In 2005 and prior years, the period covered by the survey question was “during the last 6 months,” but this was changed to “during this school year” beginning in 2007. Cognitive testing suggested that modifications to the reference period would not have a substantial impact on the survey responses.

2 The 2019 survey included a split sample design to test alternate introductions for the section assessing the presence of gangs at school. Approximately 60 percent of the sample received the version of the questionnaire that was consistent with prior years, where the section introduction included the definition "All gangs, whether or not they are involved in violent or illegal activity, are included." The remaining 40 percent of the sample received the alternate questionnaire, which excluded the definition. Estimates in this table include all respondents, regardless of which version of the questionnaire they received. For more information about the 2019 survey collection and experiment, see Methodology Report: Split-Half Administration of the 2019 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCES 2021-016).

3 Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. In 2001, separate data for Asian students, Pacific Islander students, and students of Two or more races were not collected.

4 Excludes students with missing information about the school characteristic.

5 Data for 2013 and prior years were based on school information provided by the respondent. Beginning in 2015, data were based on school information collected in the Common Core of Data and the Private School Universe Survey, which was appended to the School Crime Supplement data file; therefore, these data may not be entirely comparable with figures for earlier years.

NOTE: "At school" includes in the school building, on school property, on a school bus, and going to and from school. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, School Crime Supplement (SCS) to the National Crime Victimization Survey, 1995 through 2019. (This table was prepared October 2020.)