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| 2022 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 227.40. | Percentage of elementary and secondary school students who do homework, average time spent doing homework, percentage whose parents check that homework is done, and percentage whose parents help with homework, by frequency and selected characteristics: 2007, 2012, 2016, and 2019 |
| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year and selected characteristic | Percent of students who do homework outside of school |
Students who do homework outside of school | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average hours spent per week doing homework |
Percentage distribution by how frequently they do homework | Percent whose parents1 check that homework is done |
Percentage distribution by how frequently their parents1 help with homework | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than once per week |
1 or 2 days per week |
3 or 4 days per week |
5 or more days per week |
No help given |
Less than once per week |
1 or 2 days per week |
3 or 4 days per week |
5 or more days per week |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All students | 94.4 | (0.30) | 5.4 | (0.06) | 3.1 | (0.34) | 13.1 | (0.47) | 43.6 | (0.62) | 40.2 | (0.60) | 85.4 | 2 | (0.46) | 10.2 | (0.41) | 20.3 | (0.51) | 31.7 | (0.64) | 25.3 | (0.59) | 12.4 | (0.41) | |||||||||||
All elementary school students (kindergarten through grade 8) |
95.0 | (0.37) | 4.7 | (0.07) | 2.1 | (0.23) | 12.3 | (0.56) | 46.2 | (0.73) | 39.4 | (0.68) | 95.0 | 2 | (0.34) | 4.3 | (0.34) | 13.1 | (0.52) | 32.6 | (0.77) | 32.9 | (0.76) | 17.0 | (0.56) | |||||||||||
All secondary school students (grades 9 through 12) |
93.0 | (0.55) | 6.8 | (0.11) | 5.4 | (0.85) | 14.7581 | (0.96) | 38.0 | (1.15) | 41.9262 | (1.18) | 64.6 | 2 | (1.21) | 23.0525 | (1.08) | 35.9438 | (1.26) | 29.7353 | (1.19) | 8.8 | (0.81) | 2.5 | (0.34) | |||||||||||
| 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All students | 96.0 | (0.27) | 5.2 | (0.05) | 5.3 | (0.22) | 15.3 | (0.46) | 43.5 | (0.58) | 35.9 | (0.59) | 96.6 | (0.18) | 8.5 | (0.24) | 22.0 | (0.43) | 26.5 | (0.43) | 26.5 | (0.52) | 16.6 | (0.41) | ||||||||||||
All elementary school students (kindergarten through grade 8) |
96.3 | (0.29) | 4.7 | (0.06) | 4.1 | (0.27) | 12.8 | (0.50) | 46.7 | (0.74) | 36.3 | (0.68) | 99.0 | (0.12) | 3.0 | (0.24) | 14.5 | (0.40) | 27.0 | (0.54) | 33.7 | (0.64) | 21.9 | (0.57) | ||||||||||||
| All secondary school students (grades 9 through 12) |
95.1 | (0.58) | 6.6 | (0.10) | 8.4 | (0.48) | 21.8 | (0.92) | 35.0 | (0.91) | 34.9 | (0.97) | 90.4 | (0.55) | 22.7 | (0.70) | 41.5 | (1.00) | 25.3 | (0.84) | 7.8 | (0.63) | 2.8 | (0.28) | ||||||||||||
| 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All students | 94.0 | (0.33) | 5.4 | (0.07) | 6.3 | (0.36) | 15.6 | (0.58) | 42.3 | (0.74) | 35.9 | (0.61) | 96.6 | (0.19) | 9.2 | (0.32) | 23.4 | (0.51) | 26.6 | (0.62) | 24.8 | (0.71) | 16.0 | (0.51) | ||||||||||||
All elementary school students (kindergarten through grade 8) |
95.0 | (0.42) | 4.7 | (0.08) | 5.4 | (0.45) | 14.4 | (0.68) | 45.6 | (0.96) | 34.6 | (0.83) | 99.1 | (0.12) | 4.0 | (0.31) | 16.6 | (0.59) | 26.9 | (0.79) | 31.4 | (0.89) | 21.0 | (0.70) | ||||||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 94.2 | (0.71) | 4.5 | (0.10) | 6.2 | (0.67) | 14.5 | (0.92) | 46.2 | (1.36) | 33.1 | (1.19) | 99.4 | (0.13) | 4.2 | (0.50) | 15.5 | (0.76) | 26.2 | (1.16) | 32.2 | (1.18) | 21.8 | (1.11) | ||||||||||||
| Female | 95.9 | (0.46) | 4.8 | (0.09) | 4.4 | (0.59) | 14.3 | (0.92) | 44.9 | (1.19) | 36.3 | (1.14) | 98.7 | (0.20) | 3.9 | (0.38) | 17.8 | (0.97) | 27.7 | (1.17) | 30.5 | (1.16) | 20.2 | (1.08) | ||||||||||||
Race/ethnicity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 95.4 | (0.41) | 4.2 | (0.09) | 6.3 | (0.58) | 16.2 | (0.78) | 48.0 | (1.14) | 29.5 | (1.15) | 98.9 | (0.16) | 3.3 | (0.42) | 19.5 | (0.73) | 29.5 | (0.90) | 31.0 | (1.00) | 16.7 | (0.91) | ||||||||||||
| Black | 93.6 | (1.83) | 5.8 | (0.33) | 4.8 | (1.15) | 13.4 | (2.14) | 41.9 | (2.62) | 39.9 | (2.88) | 99.6 | (0.23) | 3.7 | (0.91) | 10.5 | (1.58) | 23.1 | (2.52) | 32.4 | (2.63) | 30.2 | (2.64) | ||||||||||||
| Hispanic | 95.4 | (0.99) | 4.6 | (0.12) | 4.3 | (0.96) | 11.7 | (1.48) | 44.0 | (2.09) | 40.0 | (2.11) | 99.4 | (0.22) | 5.2 | (0.87) | 14.0 | (1.34) | 23.7 | (1.47) | 32.5 | (2.03) | 24.6 | (1.68) | ||||||||||||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 96.5 | (0.95) | 5.9 | (0.30) | ‡ | (†) | 14.4 | ! | (5.23) | 35.0 | (3.70) | 47.0 | (3.48) | 99.0 | (0.42) | 6.6 | (1.29) | 19.9 | (3.13) | 25.2 | (4.83) | 24.3 | (2.85) | 24.0 | (3.01) | |||||||||||
| Asian | 96.3 | (1.00) | 5.9 | (0.31) | ‡ | (†) | 14.8 | ! | (5.46) | 34.4 | (3.82) | 47.1 | (3.70) | 99.0 | (0.44) | 5.9 | (1.20) | 19.5 | (3.27) | 25.8 | (4.99) | 24.9 | (2.96) | 23.9 | (3.10) | |||||||||||
| Pacific Islander | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||||||||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native |
91.5 | (6.64) | 4.2 | (0.49) | ‡ | (†) | 27.3 | ! | (13.19) | 50.3 | (11.70) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 50.8 | (11.96) | ‡ | (†) | |||||||||||
| Two or more races | 91.8 | (1.87) | 4.6 | (0.25) | 4.4 | ! | (1.38) | 11.3 | (1.67) | 53.1 | (4.21) | 31.1 | (3.42) | 97.7 | (0.96) | 4.2 | (1.21) | 13.2 | (1.95) | 30.4 | (3.38) | 34.4 | (4.86) | 17.8 | (2.76) | |||||||||||
School control |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Public | 95.0 | (0.46) | 4.5 | (0.08) | 5.4 | (0.51) | 14.8 | (0.74) | 46.1 | (1.07) | 33.7 | (0.88) | 99.1 | (0.13) | 4.2 | (0.34) | 16.4 | (0.65) | 26.7 | (0.84) | 31.6 | (0.96) | 21.0 | (0.76) | ||||||||||||
| Private | 94.8 | (1.25) | 5.6 | (0.24) | 4.8 | (1.24) | 10.6 | (1.66) | 40.8 | (2.59) | 43.9 | (2.57) | 99.0 | (0.30) | 2.1 | (0.50) | 18.4 | (1.73) | 28.8 | (2.21) | 29.1 | (2.32) | 21.5 | (2.34) | ||||||||||||
Poverty status3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Poor4 | 92.9 | (1.40) | 4.5 | (0.27) | 7.2 | (1.32) | 16.4 | (2.26) | 40.3 | (2.33) | 36.0 | (2.29) | 99.5 | (0.17) | 4.9 | (0.99) | 12.0 | (1.63) | 25.6 | (2.71) | 27.9 | (2.28) | 29.6 | (2.31) | ||||||||||||
| Near-poor5 | 94.3 | (1.14) | 4.6 | (0.17) | 5.7 | (0.87) | 15.3 | (1.59) | 45.9 | (2.35) | 33.1 | (2.17) | 99.5 | (0.20) | 4.9 | (0.93) | 15.6 | (1.29) | 26.2 | (1.92) | 32.1 | (2.21) | 21.2 | (1.73) | ||||||||||||
| Nonpoor6 | 95.9 | (0.42) | 4.7 | (0.08) | 4.7 | (0.45) | 13.5 | (0.61) | 47.1 | (1.02) | 34.8 | (1.00) | 98.8 | (0.18) | 3.5 | (0.37) | 18.4 | (0.68) | 27.6 | (0.78) | 32.2 | (0.95) | 18.4 | (0.78) | ||||||||||||
Locale |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| City | 93.9 | (0.97) | 4.9 | (0.13) | 5.6 | (0.77) | 13.3 | (1.37) | 42.0 | (1.68) | 39.1 | (1.51) | 99.5 | (0.15) | 3.6 | (0.45) | 15.4 | (1.19) | 26.4 | (1.79) | 31.6 | (1.81) | 23.1 | (1.45) | ||||||||||||
| Suburban | 96.1 | (0.52) | 4.8 | (0.12) | 4.0 | (0.61) | 12.8 | (0.85) | 46.4 | (1.27) | 36.9 | (1.23) | 98.7 | (0.22) | 4.6 | (0.53) | 16.6 | (0.85) | 27.0 | (1.06) | 30.5 | (1.04) | 21.2 | (1.03) | ||||||||||||
| Town | 93.5 | (1.29) | 3.8 | (0.16) | 8.2 | (1.95) | 20.1 | (2.16) | 46.9 | (2.50) | 24.8 | (2.33) | 99.4 | (0.30) | 4.6 | (1.25) | 16.1 | (2.24) | 27.1 | (2.28) | 32.6 | (2.73) | 19.6 | (2.71) | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 95.1 | (0.87) | 4.1 | (0.14) | 7.3 | (0.92) | 18.2 | (1.44) | 50.1 | (2.34) | 24.4 | (1.99) | 99.3 | (0.21) | 3.1 | (0.75) | 19.4 | (1.43) | 27.8 | (1.52) | 32.7 | (2.16) | 16.9 | (2.11) | ||||||||||||
All secondary school students (grades 9 through 12) |
91.5 | (0.72) | 7.5 | (0.13) | 8.7 | (0.56) | 18.7 | (0.85) | 33.4 | (0.93) | 39.2 | (1.03) | 89.9 | (0.61) | 23.0 | (0.81) | 41.4 | (1.02) | 25.7 | (0.96) | 7.3 | (0.65) | 2.6 | (0.30) | ||||||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 88.7 | (1.27) | 6.4 | (0.14) | 12.0 | (0.97) | 22.2 | (1.36) | 33.9 | (1.08) | 31.8 | (1.51) | 91.5 | (0.96) | 23.2 | (1.19) | 41.4 | (1.25) | 25.4 | (1.21) | 7.4 | (0.94) | 2.5 | (0.42) | ||||||||||||
| Female | 94.4 | (0.68) | 8.5 | (0.19) | 5.3 | (0.68) | 15.3 | (1.04) | 32.9 | (1.53) | 46.5 | (1.51) | 88.2 | (0.74) | 22.8 | (1.19) | 41.4 | (1.46) | 26.0 | (1.40) | 7.2 | (0.89) | 2.6 | (0.48) | ||||||||||||
Race/ethnicity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 90.6 | (1.07) | 7.2 | (0.13) | 9.2 | (0.71) | 19.6 | (1.08) | 32.7 | (1.09) | 38.5 | (1.23) | 88.4 | (0.72) | 20.8 | (1.08) | 49.4 | (1.35) | 22.2 | (1.08) | 5.8 | (0.74) | 1.8 | (0.32) | ||||||||||||
| Black | 92.7 | (1.58) | 7.0 | (0.33) | 9.9 | (1.98) | 22.1 | (2.71) | 36.1 | (3.35) | 31.9 | (2.75) | 93.5 | (2.52) | 19.0 | (2.76) | 33.3 | (3.32) | 31.7 | (3.04) | 11.1 | (1.81) | 4.8 | (1.24) | ||||||||||||
| Hispanic | 91.2 | (1.67) | 7.1 | (0.33) | 8.3 | (1.25) | 17.8 | (1.69) | 35.7 | (2.39) | 38.2 | (2.51) | 92.0 | (0.96) | 28.9 | (2.20) | 28.8 | (1.86) | 30.3 | (2.30) | 8.5 | (2.01) | 3.5 | (0.63) | ||||||||||||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 96.4 | (2.42) | 11.2 | (0.81) | 1.4 | ! | (0.65) | 7.7 | (1.84) | 23.2 | (3.56) | 67.8 | (3.85) | 84.9 | (2.62) | 28.6 | (3.42) | 33.6 | (3.58) | 27.5 | (4.06) | 8.9 | (1.79) | ‡ | (†) | |||||||||||
| Asian | 96.3 | (2.50) | 11.4 | (0.83) | 1.4 | ! | (0.67) | 6.5 | (1.42) | 22.9 | (3.56) | 69.2 | (3.68) | 84.4 | (2.69) | 29.1 | (3.53) | 32.3 | (3.56) | 28.2 | (4.14) | 9.0 | (1.85) | ‡ | (†) | |||||||||||
| Pacific Islander | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||||||||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native |
‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||||||||||
| Two or more races | 92.6 | (2.33) | 8.3 | (0.83) | 6.5 | (1.72) | 15.9 | (2.92) | 37.0 | (3.92) | 40.5 | (3.97) | 89.8 | (2.42) | 19.9 | (3.41) | 50.1 | (4.33) | 22.2 | (4.29) | 5.7 | (1.59) | ‡ | (†) | ||||||||||||
School control |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Public | 91.2 | (0.74) | 7.2 | (0.13) | 9.3 | (0.62) | 20.0 | (0.92) | 34.4 | (1.02) | 36.3 | (1.12) | 90.4 | (0.64) | 23.1 | (0.85) | 40.6 | (1.13) | 26.1 | (1.04) | 7.5 | (0.72) | 2.7 | (0.34) | ||||||||||||
| Private | 94.0 | (2.44) | 9.9 | (0.32) | 2.4 | ! | (0.86) | 6.5 | (1.21) | 23.3 | (2.22) | 67.8 | (2.36) | 84.6 | (1.75) | 21.7 | (2.01) | 49.5 | (2.29) | 22.0 | (2.16) | 5.3 | (0.97) | 1.5 | ! | (0.44) | ||||||||||
Poverty status3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Poor4 | 85.5 | (3.58) | 6.2 | (0.33) | 14.9 | (2.45) | 23.1 | (2.80) | 36.7 | (3.41) | 25.3 | (2.88) | 91.5 | (2.54) | 30.0 | (2.92) | 21.7 | (2.49) | 29.2 | (3.23) | 14.4 | (3.49) | 4.7 | (1.22) | ||||||||||||
| Near-poor5 | 90.9 | (1.30) | 6.7 | (0.24) | 9.7 | (1.44) | 22.0 | (2.14) | 35.1 | (2.56) | 33.2 | (2.49) | 93.5 | (1.09) | 21.7 | (2.09) | 34.7 | (2.22) | 33.2 | (1.92) | 6.7 | (1.19) | 3.7 | (0.71) | ||||||||||||
| Nonpoor6 | 93.0 | (0.71) | 7.9 | (0.13) | 7.0 | (0.53) | 16.8 | (0.84) | 32.2 | (0.93) | 43.9 | (1.07) | 88.4 | (0.59) | 21.9 | (0.87) | 47.6 | (1.13) | 22.7 | (1.16) | 6.0 | (0.57) | 1.8 | (0.32) | ||||||||||||
Coursework |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Enrolled in AP classes | 96.9 | (0.62) | 9.4 | (0.24) | 4.5 | (0.58) | 13.0 | (1.08) | 30.3 | (1.38) | 52.2 | (1.57) | 86.7 | (0.87) | 28.7 | (1.25) | 42.7 | (1.51) | 21.8 | (1.44) | 5.8 | (0.86) | 1.0 | (0.21) | ||||||||||||
| Not enrolled in AP classes | 88.1 | (1.04) | 6.1 | (0.12) | 11.5 | (0.81) | 22.7 | (1.15) | 35.5 | (1.23) | 30.3 | (1.32) | 92.1 | (0.80) | 19.1 | (1.05) | 40.5 | (1.47) | 28.4 | (1.22) | 8.3 | (0.86) | 3.7 | (0.50) | ||||||||||||
Locale |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| City | 91.6 | (1.25) | 7.8 | (0.27) | 8.7 | (1.14) | 17.2 | (1.59) | 32.7 | (1.73) | 41.4 | (2.14) | 91.3 | (0.91) | 22.8 | (1.90) | 38.0 | (1.93) | 27.9 | (1.90) | 8.6 | (1.28) | 2.7 | (0.61) | ||||||||||||
| Suburban | 93.6 | (1.11) | 7.9 | (0.17) | 6.1 | (0.73) | 16.7 | (1.38) | 33.7 | (1.47) | 43.5 | (1.37) | 89.3 | (1.07) | 22.6 | (1.20) | 43.3 | (1.53) | 24.2 | (1.37) | 7.2 | (1.04) | 2.7 | (0.51) | ||||||||||||
| Town | 85.7 | (3.15) | 6.1 | (0.33) | 11.9 | (1.96) | 26.3 | (3.48) | 31.7 | (3.10) | 30.1 | (3.68) | 91.5 | (2.01) | 24.6 | (3.42) | 41.8 | (3.83) | 24.1 | (2.90) | 6.6 | (1.79) | 3.0 | ! | (1.10) | |||||||||||
| Rural | 87.8 | (2.02) | 6.1 | (0.22) | 14.6 | (1.83) | 24.3 | (1.98) | 34.8 | (1.97) | 26.3 | (1.83) | 88.3 | (1.15) | 23.7 | (2.04) | 41.9 | (2.19) | 26.9 | (2.22) | 5.4 | (1.15) | 2.1 | ! | (0.64) | |||||||||||
2019 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All students | 92.5 | (0.42) | 5.4 | (0.06) | 6.9 | (0.27) | 19.2 | (0.55) | 43.2 | (0.62) | 30.7 | (0.55) | 96.7 | (0.16) | 10.2 | (0.37) | 27.6 | (0.43) | 28.7 | (0.51) | 22.8 | (0.53) | 10.6 | (0.41) | ||||||||||||
All elementary school students (kindergarten through grade 8) |
91.8 | (0.58) | 4.6 | (0.07) | 6.7 | (0.37) | 18.7 | (0.62) | 46.4 | (0.74) | 28.2 | (0.67) | 99.1 | (0.12) | 4.5 | (0.34) | 21.0 | (0.51) | 31.0 | (0.77) | 29.5 | (0.73) | 14.0 | (0.57) | ||||||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 91.1 | (0.84) | 4.3 | (0.08) | 7.4 | (0.60) | 19.7 | (0.88) | 45.7 | (1.07) | 27.2 | (0.98) | 99.2 | (0.17) | 4.3 | (0.40) | 21.6 | (0.81) | 30.1 | (1.07) | 29.5 | (1.15) | 14.5 | (0.77) | ||||||||||||
| Female | 92.6 | (0.65) | 4.8 | (0.10) | 5.9 | (0.47) | 17.6 | (0.78) | 47.2 | (1.13) | 29.3 | (1.04) | 99.0 | (0.16) | 4.8 | (0.58) | 20.3 | (0.77) | 31.9 | (1.07) | 29.5 | (0.97) | 13.6 | (0.77) | ||||||||||||
Race/ethnicity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 90.8 | (0.76) | 3.9 | (0.06) | 8.7 | (0.61) | 22.1 | (0.89) | 46.2 | (0.97) | 23.0 | (0.77) | 99.0 | (0.14) | 4.2 | (0.51) | 25.7 | (0.87) | 32.8 | (0.83) | 26.7 | (0.82) | 10.5 | (0.60) | ||||||||||||
| Black | 91.4 | (1.48) | 5.5 | (0.19) | 3.9 | (0.74) | 15.3 | (1.59) | 51.3 | (2.36) | 29.5 | (1.98) | 99.7 | (0.17) | 4.9 | (1.02) | 12.0 | (1.45) | 26.8 | (1.93) | 36.3 | (2.49) | 20.0 | (1.98) | ||||||||||||
| Hispanic | 93.6 | (0.92) | 4.9 | (0.14) | 5.3 | (0.65) | 15.5 | (1.58) | 44.8 | (1.70) | 34.4 | (1.69) | 99.2 | (0.32) | 4.9 | (0.74) | 18.0 | (1.08) | 29.5 | (1.67) | 30.4 | (1.41) | 17.3 | (1.21) | ||||||||||||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 94.6 | (1.08) | 5.5 | (0.35) | 4.7 | ! | (1.69) | 14.0 | (1.87) | 40.2 | (2.99) | 41.0 | (3.44) | 98.3 | (0.56) | 4.8 | (0.97) | 18.1 | (2.30) | 31.5 | (3.04) | 31.1 | (3.59) | 14.5 | (1.93) | |||||||||||
| Asian | 94.4 | (1.13) | 5.5 | (0.36) | 4.9 | ! | (1.79) | 14.5 | (2.00) | 39.2 | (3.02) | 41.4 | (3.46) | 98.4 | (0.56) | 4.8 | (1.01) | 18.8 | (2.39) | 31.0 | (2.91) | 31.2 | (3.71) | 14.3 | (1.99) | |||||||||||
| Pacific Islander | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||||||||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native |
95.1 | (3.08) | 4.8 | (1.19) | ‡ | (†) | 20.8 | ! | (7.77) | 50.4 | (10.36) | 20.7 | ! | (9.61) | 100.0 | (0.00) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 29.4 | ! | (9.06) | 40.0 | (10.73) | ‡ | (†) | |||||||||
| Two or more races | 90.2 | (2.30) | 4.9 | (0.29) | 5.3 | (1.18) | 17.7 | (2.18) | 49.3 | (3.59) | 27.7 | (3.13) | 98.7 | (0.62) | 4.1 | (0.84) | 20.8 | (2.48) | 31.7 | (3.42) | 29.8 | (2.76) | 13.6 | (1.93) | ||||||||||||
School control |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Public | 92.6 | (0.55) | 4.5 | (0.07) | 6.8 | (0.40) | 19.3 | (0.65) | 46.2 | (0.80) | 27.7 | (0.75) | 99.2 | (0.13) | 4.6 | (0.37) | 21.1 | (0.58) | 31.2 | (0.81) | 29.3 | (0.82) | 13.8 | (0.59) | ||||||||||||
| Private | 85.8 | (2.14) | 4.8 | (0.17) | 5.6 | (1.41) | 13.7 | (1.52) | 48.1 | (2.64) | 32.7 | (2.04) | 98.4 | (0.46) | 3.7 | (0.79) | 19.7 | (1.64) | 28.7 | (1.94) | 31.9 | (2.56) | 15.9 | (1.77) | ||||||||||||
Poverty status3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Poor4 | 88.0 | (1.78) | 4.8 | (0.17) | 8.7 | (1.38) | 20.2 | (1.61) | 42.4 | (2.50) | 28.7 | (2.02) | 98.9 | (0.43) | 6.1 | (1.02) | 16.4 | (1.50) | 30.5 | (2.22) | 28.9 | (2.33) | 18.2 | (1.80) | ||||||||||||
| Near-poor5 | 90.9 | (1.41) | 4.6 | (0.18) | 6.9 | (0.92) | 16.2 | (1.65) | 48.9 | (2.12) | 27.9 | (1.53) | 99.6 | (0.17) | 4.9 | (1.07) | 17.2 | (1.42) | 28.9 | (2.12) | 33.5 | (1.89) | 15.4 | (1.33) | ||||||||||||
| Nonpoor6 | 93.2 | (0.49) | 4.5 | (0.07) | 6.1 | (0.36) | 19.1 | (0.67) | 46.7 | (0.77) | 28.1 | (0.80) | 99.0 | (0.13) | 4.0 | (0.34) | 23.3 | (0.60) | 31.7 | (0.75) | 28.5 | (0.75) | 12.5 | (0.56) | ||||||||||||
Locale |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| City | 90.7 | (1.08) | 5.0 | (0.12) | 5.4 | (0.64) | 16.9 | (1.29) | 43.9 | (1.51) | 33.9 | (1.40) | 99.1 | (0.22) | 4.7 | (0.63) | 18.1 | (1.04) | 31.0 | (1.29) | 28.8 | (1.42) | 17.3 | (1.20) | ||||||||||||
| Suburban | 93.9 | (0.46) | 4.7 | (0.10) | 5.3 | (0.48) | 17.2 | (0.76) | 48.4 | (1.07) | 29.1 | (1.01) | 99.1 | (0.16) | 4.0 | (0.36) | 22.1 | (0.88) | 31.4 | (1.24) | 30.4 | (1.17) | 12.0 | (0.72) | ||||||||||||
| Town | 90.2 | (1.64) | 4.0 | (0.16) | 10.8 | (1.91) | 21.6 | (2.82) | 46.4 | (2.59) | 21.2 | (2.02) | 99.1 | (0.50) | 6.9 | ! | (2.26) | 19.1 | (1.96) | 29.8 | (3.17) | 31.8 | (2.90) | 12.4 | (1.63) | |||||||||||
| Rural | 89.6 | (1.46) | 3.8 | (0.12) | 10.4 | (1.03) | 24.7 | (1.47) | 46.0 | (1.64) | 18.9 | (1.32) | 99.2 | (0.21) | 4.3 | (0.53) | 24.3 | (1.42) | 30.5 | (1.49) | 27.2 | (1.54) | 13.7 | (1.31) | ||||||||||||
All secondary school students (grades 9 through 12) |
94.2 | (0.38) | 7.5 | (0.14) | 7.4 | (0.46) | 20.3 | (0.87) | 35.5 | (0.91) | 36.9 | (0.98) | 90.9 | (0.50) | 24.0 | (0.87) | 43.6 | (1.04) | 23.3 | (0.81) | 6.7 | (0.44) | 2.4 | (0.32) | ||||||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 92.1 | (0.65) | 6.3 | (0.18) | 10.5 | (0.84) | 23.4 | (1.26) | 35.5 | (1.29) | 30.6 | (1.52) | 92.9 | (0.56) | 25.8 | (1.18) | 44.7 | (1.41) | 21.3 | (1.20) | 5.7 | (0.55) | 2.5 | (0.41) | ||||||||||||
| Female | 96.5 | (0.37) | 8.7 | (0.19) | 4.2 | (0.50) | 17.0 | (1.12) | 35.4 | (1.29) | 43.5 | (1.34) | 88.8 | (0.77) | 22.1 | (1.22) | 42.5 | (1.61) | 25.3 | (1.07) | 7.7 | (0.71) | 2.3 | (0.40) | ||||||||||||
Race/ethnicity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 93.6 | (0.57) | 7.2 | (0.11) | 8.0 | (0.62) | 20.4 | (1.07) | 35.2 | (1.19) | 36.4 | (1.19) | 89.1 | (0.61) | 23.1 | (0.94) | 48.1 | (1.23) | 21.6 | (1.03) | 5.6 | (0.53) | 1.6 | (0.25) | ||||||||||||
| Black | 95.2 | (0.96) | 7.8 | (0.49) | 8.0 | (1.64) | 20.3 | (3.09) | 41.8 | (3.70) | 29.9 | (3.48) | 95.1 | (1.13) | 21.7 | (2.88) | 37.4 | (3.47) | 27.0 | (2.62) | 9.7 | (1.62) | 4.2 | ! | (1.70) | |||||||||||
| Hispanic | 94.2 | (0.90) | 7.3 | (0.32) | 7.2 | (1.32) | 21.0 | (1.65) | 37.6 | (2.20) | 34.3 | (2.06) | 92.9 | (1.03) | 25.0 | (1.89) | 39.4 | (2.28) | 24.9 | (1.87) | 7.9 | (1.18) | 2.8 | (0.57) | ||||||||||||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 96.9 | (1.09) | 10.3 | (0.64) | 2.2 | ! | (0.76) | 9.9 | (2.56) | 25.7 | (5.19) | 62.2 | (4.89) | 90.1 | (1.77) | 33.8 | (4.65) | 37.2 | (3.80) | 20.0 | (3.96) | 4.5 | (1.18) | 4.5 | ! | (1.51) | ||||||||||
| Asian | 98.0 | (0.72) | 10.4 | (0.66) | 1.9 | ! | (0.74) | 9.3 | (2.40) | 25.7 | (5.35) | 63.0 | (5.03) | 89.7 | (1.84) | 34.5 | (4.76) | 36.5 | (3.76) | 19.8 | (4.07) | 4.7 | (1.22) | 4.4 | ! | (1.55) | ||||||||||
| Pacific Islander | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||||||||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native |
‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||||||||||
| Two or more races | 95.3 | (1.09) | 7.1 | (0.43) | 7.0 | (1.61) | 29.0 | (4.39) | 24.2 | (3.10) | 39.7 | (3.63) | 87.1 | (2.77) | 22.1 | (3.29) | 46.5 | (4.02) | 24.6 | (3.68) | 5.9 | ! | (2.47) | ‡ | (†) | |||||||||||
School control |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Public | 94.2 | (0.42) | 7.3 | (0.15) | 7.8 | (0.50) | 21.4 | (0.95) | 36.0 | (0.95) | 34.8 | (1.04) | 91.4 | (0.56) | 24.0 | (0.91) | 43.2 | (1.12) | 23.5 | (0.85) | 6.7 | (0.44) | 2.5 | (0.35) | ||||||||||||
| Private | 96.4 | (0.83) | 9.5 | (0.25) | 1.3 | (0.38) | 8.8 | (1.30) | 29.3 | (2.31) | 60.5 | (2.50) | 85.0 | (2.02) | 24.4 | (2.10) | 47.8 | (2.42) | 21.1 | (1.98) | 5.0 | (1.24) | 1.7 | (0.47) | ||||||||||||
Poverty status3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Poor4 | 89.0 | (1.61) | 6.0 | (0.22) | 9.5 | (1.61) | 26.3 | (3.14) | 38.3 | (3.17) | 25.9 | (2.75) | 93.5 | (1.21) | 27.3 | (2.73) | 32.8 | (2.71) | 26.1 | (2.68) | 8.8 | (1.43) | 5.0 | (1.16) | ||||||||||||
| Near-poor5 | 93.7 | (1.00) | 7.6 | (0.49) | 8.4 | (1.52) | 23.2 | (2.30) | 35.7 | (2.77) | 32.7 | (3.09) | 94.2 | (0.90) | 25.2 | (2.25) | 42.4 | (2.59) | 21.4 | (2.10) | 8.6 | (1.27) | 2.5 | ! | (0.79) | |||||||||||
| Nonpoor6 | 95.4 | (0.43) | 7.7 | (0.11) | 6.7 | (0.54) | 18.3 | (0.93) | 34.8 | (1.01) | 40.2 | (0.96) | 89.5 | (0.64) | 23.0 | (0.94) | 46.1 | (1.08) | 23.3 | (0.99) | 5.7 | (0.48) | 1.9 | (0.30) | ||||||||||||
Coursework |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Enrolled in AP classes | 97.4 | (0.37) | 9.2 | (0.23) | 4.5 | (0.56) | 15.4 | (1.11) | 32.1 | (1.15) | 48.1 | (1.45) | 88.0 | (0.70) | 26.8 | (1.28) | 46.1 | (1.57) | 20.3 | (1.20) | 5.1 | (0.64) | 1.8 | (0.35) | ||||||||||||
| Not enrolled in AP classes | 92.1 | (0.61) | 6.3 | (0.15) | 9.4 | (0.73) | 23.6 | (1.11) | 37.8 | (1.42) | 29.2 | (1.41) | 92.9 | (0.65) | 22.1 | (1.21) | 42.0 | (1.35) | 25.3 | (1.18) | 7.8 | (0.58) | 2.9 | (0.40) | ||||||||||||
Locale |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| City | 93.9 | (0.90) | 8.0 | (0.29) | 7.5 | (0.94) | 19.8 | (1.50) | 31.6 | (1.62) | 41.0 | (1.99) | 90.1 | (1.03) | 26.4 | (1.69) | 42.1 | (1.78) | 22.0 | (1.44) | 6.6 | (0.96) | 2.8 | (0.60) | ||||||||||||
| Suburban | 95.6 | (0.60) | 8.0 | (0.17) | 5.3 | (0.72) | 16.1 | (1.09) | 36.8 | (1.51) | 41.8 | (1.37) | 91.4 | (0.66) | 24.1 | (1.34) | 41.6 | (1.45) | 25.4 | (1.38) | 6.4 | (0.64) | 2.6 | (0.42) | ||||||||||||
| Town | 91.2 | (1.56) | 5.5 | (0.29) | 9.7 | (2.18) | 29.4 | (4.17) | 39.2 | (4.32) | 21.7 | (3.56) | 89.6 | (2.06) | 23.8 | (3.33) | 45.8 | (4.16) | 23.3 | (3.70) | 6.0 | (1.40) | 1.2 | ! | (0.55) | |||||||||||
| Rural | 92.8 | (0.94) | 6.0 | (0.19) | 11.6 | (1.38) | 27.6 | (1.87) | 36.9 | (1.93) | 23.9 | (1.83) | 91.6 | (1.03) | 19.4 | (1.54) | 50.7 | (2.36) | 20.1 | (1.58) | 8.0 | (1.21) | 1.9 | ! | (0.62) | |||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| !Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Refers to one or more parent or other household adult. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 The 2007 questionnaire differed from those in the later years. In 2007, parents responded "yes" or "no" to an item asking whether they check that homework is done. In 2012, 2016, and 2019, parents responded to a multiple-choice question asking how often they check that homework is done, and the estimates for these years include all parents who "rarely," "sometimes," or "always" check. Therefore, the 2007 estimates are not comparable with those from later years. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 The Census Bureau's poverty threshold is a dollar amount that varies depending on a family's size and composition and is updated annually to account for inflation. In 2019, for example, the poverty threshold for a family of four with two children was $25,926. Survey respondents are asked to select the range within which their income falls, rather than giving the exact amount of their income; therefore, the measure of poverty status is an approximation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Poor children are those whose family incomes were below the poverty threshold in the year prior to data collection. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Near-poor children are those whose family incomes ranged from the poverty threshold to 199 percent of the poverty threshold. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 Nonpoor children are those whose family incomes were at or above 200 percent of the poverty threshold. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: While National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES) administrations prior to 2012 were administered via telephone with an interviewer, NHES:2012 used self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaires that were mailed to respondents. For NHES:2016, initial contact with all respondents was by mail, and the majority of respondents received paper-and-pencil questionnaires. However, as an experiment with web use, a small sample of NHES:2016 respondents received mailed invitations to complete the survey online. For NHES:2019, the majority of data were collected using a web-based survey instrument that respondents accessed with credentials they received in a mailed invitation. Paper surveys were used for nonresponse follow-up and for a small experiment. Includes children enrolled in kindergarten through grade 12 and ungraded students. Excludes homeschooled students. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and suppression of estimates that did not meet reporting standards. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (PFI-NHES:2007, 2012, 2016, and 2019). (This table was prepared April 2021.) |
