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| 2022 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 221.40. | Average National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reading scale score of 4th-grade public school students, by state or jurisdiction: Selected years, 1992 through 2022 |
| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State or jurisdiction | 19921 | 19941 | 1998 | 2002 | 2003 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2011 | 2013 | 2015 | 2017 | 2019 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||
| United States | 215 | (1.0) | 212 | (1.1) | 213 | (1.2) | 217 | (0.5) | 216 | (0.3) | 217 | (0.2) | 220 | (0.3) | 220 | (0.3) | 220 | (0.3) | 221 | (0.3) | 221 | (0.4) | 221 | (0.2) | 219 | (0.2) | 216 | (0.4) | ||||
| Alabama | 207 | (1.7) | 208 | (1.5) | 211 | (1.9) | 207 | (1.4) | 207 | (1.7) | 208 | (1.2) | 216 | (1.3) | 216 | (1.2) | 220 | (1.3) | 219 | (1.2) | 217 | (1.4) | 216 | (1.2) | 212 | (1.2) | 213 | (1.5) | ||||
| Alaska | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 212 | (1.6) | 211 | (1.4) | 214 | (1.0) | 211 | (1.2) | 208 | (1.1) | 209 | (1.0) | 213 | (1.3) | 207 | (1.2) | 204 | (1.2) | 204 | (1.6) | ||||
| Arizona | 209 | (1.2) | 206 | (1.9) | 206 | (1.4) | 205 | (1.5) | 209 | (1.2) | 207 | (1.6) | 210 | (1.6) | 210 | (1.2) | 212 | (1.2) | 213 | (1.4) | 215 | (1.3) | 215 | (1.5) | 216 | (1.3) | 215 | (1.7) | ||||
| Arkansas | 211 | (1.2) | 209 | (1.7) | 209 | (1.6) | 213 | (1.4) | 214 | (1.4) | 217 | (1.1) | 217 | (1.2) | 216 | (1.1) | 217 | (1.0) | 219 | (0.9) | 218 | (1.1) | 216 | (1.2) | 215 | (1.2) | 212 | (1.9) | ||||
| California | 202 | (2.0) | 197 | (1.8) | 202 | (2.5) | 2 | 206 | (2.5) | 2 | 206 | (1.2) | 207 | (0.7) | 209 | (1.0) | 210 | (1.5) | 211 | (1.8) | 213 | (1.2) | 213 | (1.7) | 215 | (1.3) | 216 | (1.0) | 214 | (1.7) | ||
Colorado |
217 | (1.1) | 213 | (1.3) | 220 | (1.4) | --- | (†) | 224 | (1.2) | 224 | (1.1) | 224 | (1.1) | 226 | (1.2) | 223 | (1.3) | 227 | (1.0) | 224 | (1.6) | 225 | (1.5) | 225 | (1.1) | 223 | (1.5) | ||||
| Connecticut | 222 | (1.3) | 222 | (1.6) | 230 | (1.6) | 229 | (1.1) | 228 | (1.1) | 226 | (1.0) | 227 | (1.3) | 229 | (1.1) | 227 | (1.3) | 230 | (0.9) | 229 | (1.1) | 228 | (1.2) | 224 | (1.3) | 219 | (1.5) | ||||
| Delaware | 213 | (0.6) | 2 | 206 | (1.1) | 207 | (1.7) | 224 | (0.6) | 224 | (0.7) | 226 | (0.8) | 225 | (0.7) | 226 | (0.5) | 225 | (0.7) | 226 | (0.8) | 224 | (0.8) | 221 | (0.8) | 218 | (0.9) | 208 | (1.3) | |||
| District of Columbia | 188 | (0.8) | 179 | (0.9) | 179 | (1.2) | 191 | (0.9) | 188 | (0.9) | 191 | (1.0) | 197 | (0.9) | 202 | (1.0) | 201 | (0.8) | 206 | (0.9) | 212 | (0.9) | 213 | (0.8) | 214 | (0.8) | 207 | (1.4) | ||||
| Florida | 208 | (1.2) | 205 | (1.7) | 206 | (1.4) | 214 | (1.4) | 218 | (1.1) | 219 | (0.9) | 224 | (0.8) | 226 | (1.0) | 225 | (1.1) | 227 | (1.1) | 227 | (1.0) | 228 | (1.1) | 225 | (1.1) | 225 | (1.3) | ||||
Georgia |
212 | (1.5) | 207 | (2.4) | 209 | (1.4) | 215 | (1.0) | 214 | (1.3) | 214 | (1.2) | 219 | (0.9) | 218 | (1.1) | 221 | (1.1) | 222 | (1.1) | 222 | (1.2) | 220 | (1.2) | 218 | (1.2) | 216 | (1.4) | ||||
| Hawaii | 203 | (1.7) | 201 | (1.7) | 200 | (1.5) | 208 | (0.9) | 208 | (1.4) | 210 | (1.0) | 213 | (1.1) | 211 | (1.0) | 214 | (1.0) | 215 | (1.0) | 215 | (1.0) | 216 | (1.0) | 218 | (1.1) | 219 | (1.3) | ||||
| Idaho | 219 | (0.9) | ‡ | (†) | --- | (†) | 220 | (1.1) | 218 | (1.0) | 222 | (0.9) | 223 | (0.8) | 221 | (0.9) | 221 | (0.8) | 219 | (0.9) | 222 | (1.0) | 223 | (1.0) | 223 | (1.2) | 215 | (1.4) | ||||
| Illinois | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | 216 | (1.6) | 216 | (1.2) | 219 | (1.2) | 219 | (1.4) | 219 | (1.1) | 219 | (1.4) | 222 | (1.2) | 220 | (1.2) | 218 | (1.3) | 218 | (1.4) | ||||
| Indiana | 221 | (1.3) | 220 | (1.3) | --- | (†) | 222 | (1.4) | 220 | (1.0) | 218 | (1.1) | 222 | (0.9) | 223 | (1.1) | 221 | (0.9) | 225 | (1.0) | 227 | (1.1) | 226 | (1.1) | 222 | (1.2) | 217 | (1.5) | ||||
Iowa |
225 | (1.1) | 223 | (1.3) | 220 | (1.6) | 2 | 223 | (1.1) | 2 | 223 | (1.1) | 221 | (0.9) | 225 | (1.1) | 221 | (1.2) | 221 | (0.8) | 224 | (1.1) | 224 | (1.1) | 222 | (1.2) | 221 | (1.1) | 218 | (1.4) | ||
| Kansas | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 221 | (1.4) | 2 | 222 | (1.4) | 2 | 220 | (1.2) | 220 | (1.3) | 225 | (1.1) | 224 | (1.3) | 224 | (1.0) | 223 | (1.3) | 221 | (1.5) | 223 | (1.2) | 219 | (1.2) | 215 | (1.7) | ||
| Kentucky | 213 | (1.3) | 212 | (1.6) | 218 | (1.5) | 219 | (1.1) | 219 | (1.3) | 220 | (1.1) | 222 | (1.1) | 226 | (1.1) | 225 | (1.0) | 224 | (1.2) | 228 | (1.2) | 224 | (1.1) | 221 | (1.2) | 217 | (1.4) | ||||
| Louisiana | 204 | (1.2) | 197 | (1.3) | 200 | (1.6) | 207 | (1.7) | 205 | (1.4) | 209 | (1.3) | 207 | (1.6) | 207 | (1.1) | 210 | (1.4) | 210 | (1.3) | 216 | (1.5) | 212 | (1.4) | 210 | (1.4) | 212 | (1.5) | ||||
| Maine | 227 | (1.1) | 2 | 228 | (1.3) | 225 | (1.4) | 225 | (1.1) | 224 | (0.9) | 225 | (0.9) | 226 | (0.9) | 224 | (0.9) | 222 | (0.7) | 225 | (0.9) | 224 | (0.9) | 221 | (1.1) | 221 | (0.9) | 213 | (1.4) | |||
Maryland |
211 | (1.6) | 210 | (1.5) | 212 | (1.6) | 217 | (1.5) | 219 | (1.4) | 220 | (1.3) | 225 | (1.1) | 226 | (1.4) | 231 | (0.9) | 232 | (1.3) | 223 | (1.3) | 225 | (1.3) | 220 | (1.3) | 212 | (1.6) | ||||
| Massachusetts | 226 | (0.9) | 223 | (1.3) | 223 | (1.4) | 2 | 234 | (1.1) | 228 | (1.2) | 231 | (0.9) | 236 | (1.1) | 234 | (1.1) | 237 | (1.0) | 232 | (1.1) | 235 | (1.0) | 236 | (1.1) | 231 | (1.1) | 227 | (1.5) | |||
| Michigan | 216 | (1.5) | ‡ | (†) | 216 | (1.5) | 219 | (1.1) | 219 | (1.2) | 218 | (1.5) | 220 | (1.4) | 218 | (1.0) | 219 | (1.2) | 217 | (1.4) | 216 | (1.3) | 218 | (1.5) | 218 | (1.2) | 212 | (1.9) | ||||
| Minnesota | 221 | (1.2) | 218 | (1.4) | 219 | (1.7) | 2 | 225 | (1.1) | 2 | 223 | (1.1) | 225 | (1.3) | 225 | (1.1) | 223 | (1.3) | 222 | (1.2) | 227 | (1.2) | 223 | (1.3) | 225 | (1.3) | 222 | (1.1) | 215 | (1.7) | ||
| Mississippi | 199 | (1.3) | 202 | (1.6) | 203 | (1.3) | 203 | (1.3) | 205 | (1.3) | 204 | (1.3) | 208 | (1.0) | 211 | (1.1) | 209 | (1.2) | 209 | (0.9) | 214 | (1.0) | 215 | (1.2) | 219 | (1.1) | 217 | (1.4) | ||||
Missouri |
220 | (1.2) | 217 | (1.5) | 216 | (1.3) | 220 | (1.3) | 222 | (1.2) | 221 | (0.9) | 221 | (1.1) | 224 | (1.1) | 220 | (0.9) | 222 | (1.0) | 223 | (1.1) | 223 | (1.1) | 218 | (1.2) | 213 | (1.7) | ||||
| Montana | --- | (†) | 222 | (1.4) | 2 | 225 | (1.5) | 2 | 224 | (1.8) | 2 | 223 | (1.2) | 225 | (1.1) | 227 | (1.0) | 225 | (0.8) | 225 | (0.6) | 223 | (0.8) | 225 | (0.8) | 222 | (0.9) | 222 | (1.0) | 219 | (1.4) | |
| Nebraska | 221 | (1.1) | 2 | 220 | (1.5) | 2 | --- | (†) | 222 | (1.5) | 221 | (1.0) | 221 | (1.2) | 223 | (1.3) | 223 | (1.0) | 223 | (1.0) | 223 | (1.0) | 227 | (1.1) | 224 | (1.2) | 222 | (1.0) | 219 | (1.2) | ||
| Nevada | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 206 | (1.8) | 209 | (1.2) | 207 | (1.2) | 207 | (1.2) | 211 | (1.2) | 211 | (1.1) | 213 | (1.0) | 214 | (1.1) | 214 | (1.2) | 215 | (1.6) | 218 | (1.1) | 212 | (1.6) | ||||
| New Hampshire | 228 | (1.2) | 2 | 223 | (1.5) | 2 | 226 | (1.7) | 2 | --- | (†) | 228 | (1.0) | 227 | (0.9) | 229 | (0.9) | 229 | (1.0) | 230 | (0.8) | 232 | (0.9) | 232 | (1.0) | 229 | (1.0) | 224 | (1.1) | 223 | (1.4) | |
New Jersey |
223 | (1.4) | 2 | 219 | (1.2) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 225 | (1.2) | 223 | (1.3) | 231 | (1.2) | 229 | (0.9) | 231 | (1.2) | 229 | (1.3) | 229 | (1.4) | 233 | (1.2) | 227 | (1.3) | 223 | (1.8) | |||
| New Mexico | 211 | (1.5) | 205 | (1.7) | 205 | (1.4) | 208 | (1.6) | 203 | (1.5) | 207 | (1.3) | 212 | (1.3) | 208 | (1.4) | 208 | (1.0) | 206 | (1.1) | 207 | (1.0) | 208 | (1.1) | 208 | (1.2) | 202 | (1.5) | ||||
| New York | 215 | (1.4) | 2 | 212 | (1.4) | 215 | (1.6) | 2 | 222 | (1.5) | 2 | 222 | (1.1) | 223 | (1.0) | 224 | (1.0) | 224 | (1.0) | 222 | (1.1) | 224 | (1.2) | 223 | (1.1) | 222 | (1.3) | 220 | (1.3) | 214 | (1.9) | |
| North Carolina | 212 | (1.1) | 214 | (1.5) | 213 | (1.6) | 222 | (1.0) | 221 | (1.0) | 217 | (1.0) | 218 | (0.9) | 219 | (1.1) | 221 | (1.2) | 222 | (1.1) | 226 | (1.1) | 224 | (1.0) | 221 | (1.0) | 216 | (1.6) | ||||
| North Dakota | 226 | (1.1) | 225 | (1.2) | --- | (†) | 224 | (1.0) | 2 | 222 | (0.9) | 225 | (0.7) | 226 | (0.9) | 226 | (0.8) | 226 | (0.5) | 224 | (0.5) | 225 | (0.7) | 222 | (0.8) | 221 | (0.8) | 218 | (1.1) | |||
Ohio |
217 | (1.3) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 222 | (1.3) | 222 | (1.2) | 223 | (1.4) | 226 | (1.1) | 225 | (1.1) | 224 | (1.0) | 224 | (1.2) | 225 | (1.2) | 225 | (1.0) | 222 | (1.1) | 219 | (1.2) | ||||
| Oklahoma | 220 | (0.9) | --- | (†) | 219 | (1.2) | 213 | (1.2) | 214 | (1.2) | 214 | (1.1) | 217 | (1.1) | 217 | (1.1) | 215 | (1.1) | 217 | (1.1) | 222 | (1.1) | 217 | (1.1) | 216 | (1.1) | 208 | (1.3) | ||||
| Oregon | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 212 | (1.8) | 220 | (1.4) | 218 | (1.3) | 217 | (1.4) | 215 | (1.4) | 218 | (1.2) | 216 | (1.1) | 219 | (1.3) | 220 | (1.4) | 218 | (1.4) | 218 | (1.1) | 210 | (1.6) | ||||
| Pennsylvania | 221 | (1.3) | 215 | (1.6) | 2 | --- | (†) | 221 | (1.2) | 219 | (1.3) | 223 | (1.3) | 226 | (1.0) | 224 | (1.4) | 227 | (1.2) | 226 | (1.3) | 227 | (1.8) | 225 | (1.1) | 223 | (1.2) | 219 | (1.7) | |||
| Rhode Island | 217 | (1.8) | 220 | (1.3) | 2 | 218 | (1.4) | 220 | (1.2) | 216 | (1.3) | 216 | (1.2) | 219 | (1.0) | 223 | (1.1) | 222 | (0.8) | 223 | (0.9) | 225 | (0.9) | 223 | (1.0) | 220 | (0.9) | 217 | (1.2) | |||
South Carolina |
210 | (1.3) | 203 | (1.4) | 209 | (1.4) | 214 | (1.3) | 215 | (1.3) | 213 | (1.3) | 214 | (1.2) | 216 | (1.1) | 215 | (1.2) | 214 | (1.2) | 218 | (1.4) | 213 | (1.2) | 216 | (1.3) | 216 | (1.5) | ||||
| South Dakota | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 222 | (1.2) | 222 | (0.5) | 223 | (1.0) | 222 | (0.6) | 220 | (0.9) | 218 | (1.0) | 220 | (0.9) | 222 | (1.0) | 222 | (1.0) | 218 | (1.2) | ||||
| Tennessee | 212 | (1.4) | 213 | (1.7) | 2 | 212 | (1.4) | 214 | (1.2) | 2 | 212 | (1.6) | 214 | (1.4) | 216 | (1.2) | 217 | (1.2) | 215 | (1.1) | 220 | (1.4) | 219 | (1.4) | 219 | (1.1) | 219 | (1.0) | 214 | (1.5) | ||
| Texas | 213 | (1.6) | 212 | (1.9) | 214 | (1.9) | 217 | (1.7) | 215 | (1.0) | 219 | (0.8) | 220 | (0.9) | 219 | (1.2) | 218 | (1.5) | 217 | (1.1) | 218 | (1.7) | 215 | (1.1) | 216 | (1.1) | 214 | (1.8) | ||||
| Utah | 220 | (1.1) | 217 | (1.3) | 216 | (1.2) | 222 | (1.0) | 219 | (1.0) | 221 | (1.0) | 221 | (1.2) | 219 | (1.0) | 220 | (1.0) | 223 | (1.1) | 226 | (1.1) | 225 | (1.1) | 225 | (1.0) | 221 | (1.4) | ||||
Vermont |
--- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 227 | (1.1) | 226 | (0.9) | 227 | (0.9) | 228 | (0.8) | 229 | (0.8) | 227 | (0.6) | 228 | (0.6) | 230 | (0.8) | 226 | (0.8) | 222 | (0.8) | 217 | (1.2) | ||||
| Virginia | 221 | (1.4) | 213 | (1.5) | 217 | (1.2) | 225 | (1.3) | 223 | (1.5) | 226 | (0.8) | 227 | (1.1) | 227 | (1.2) | 226 | (1.1) | 229 | (1.3) | 229 | (1.7) | 228 | (1.5) | 224 | (1.2) | 214 | (1.7) | ||||
| Washington | --- | (†) | 213 | (1.5) | 218 | (1.4) | 224 | (1.2) | 2 | 221 | (1.1) | 223 | (1.1) | 224 | (1.4) | 221 | (1.2) | 221 | (1.1) | 225 | (1.4) | 226 | (1.5) | 223 | (1.4) | 220 | (1.3) | 217 | (1.8) | |||
| West Virginia | 216 | (1.3) | 213 | (1.1) | 216 | (1.7) | 219 | (1.2) | 219 | (1.0) | 215 | (0.8) | 215 | (1.1) | 215 | (1.0) | 214 | (0.8) | 215 | (0.8) | 216 | (1.2) | 217 | (1.2) | 213 | (1.1) | 205 | (1.4) | ||||
| Wisconsin | 224 | (1.0) | 224 | (1.1) | 2 | 222 | (1.1) | 2 | ‡ | (†) | 221 | (0.8) | 221 | (1.0) | 223 | (1.2) | 220 | (1.1) | 221 | (0.8) | 221 | (1.6) | 223 | (1.1) | 220 | (0.9) | 220 | (1.1) | 217 | (1.8) | ||
| Wyoming | 223 | (1.1) | 221 | (1.2) | 218 | (1.5) | 221 | (1.0) | 222 | (0.8) | 223 | (0.7) | 225 | (0.5) | 223 | (0.7) | 224 | (0.8) | 226 | (0.6) | 228 | (0.7) | 227 | (0.9) | 227 | (0.9) | 225 | (1.2) | ||||
Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA)3 |
--- | (†) | --- | (†) | 220 | (0.7) | 224 | (0.4) | 224 | (0.5) | 226 | (0.6) | 229 | (0.5) | 228 | (0.5) | 229 | (0.5) | 232 | (0.6) | 234 | (0.7) | 234 | (0.6) | 235 | (0.7) | 235 | (0.7) | ||||
| ---Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡Reporting standards not met. Participation rates fell below the required standards for reporting. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1Accommodations were not permitted for this assessment. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2Did not meet one or more of the guidelines for school participation. Data are subject to appreciable nonresponse bias. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3Prior to 2005, NAEP divided the DoDEA schools into two jurisdictions, domestic and overseas. In 2005, NAEP began combining the domestic and overseas schools into a single jurisdiction. Data shown in this table for years prior to 2005 were recalculated for comparability. |
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| NOTE: Scale ranges from 0 to 500. State-level data for 2000 are not available. Table does not include private schools, Bureau of Indian Education schools, or (except in the final row) DoDEA schools. For 1998 and later years, includes public school students who were tested with accommodations; excludes only those students with disabilities (SDs) and English learners (ELs) who were unable to be tested even with accommodations. SD and EL populations, accommodation rates, and exclusion rates vary from state to state. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, and 2022 Reading Assessments; most recent year’s data retrieved November 11, 2022, from the Main NAEP Data Explorer (https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/ndecore/xplore/NDE). (This table was prepared November 2022.) |
