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| 2022 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 207.40. | Percentage of elementary and secondary school children whose parents were involved in school activities, by selected child, parent, and school characteristics: Selected years, 2003 through 2019 |
| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected child, parent, or school characteristic | Percent of children whose parents reported the following types of involvement in school activities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2003 | 2012 | 2016 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Attended a general school or PTO/PTA1 meeting | Attended a parent-teacher conference | Attended a class event | Volunteered at school | Attended a general school or PTO/PTA1 meeting | Attended a parent-teacher conference | Attended a class event | Volunteered at school | Attended a general school or PTO/PTA1 meeting | Attended a parent-teacher conference | Attended a class event | Volunteered at school | Attended a general school or PTO/PTA1 meeting | Attended a parent-teacher conference | Attended a class event | Volunteered at school | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 87.7 | (0.37) | 77.1 | (0.42) | 69.9 | (0.42) | 41.8 | (0.61) | 87.4 | (0.41) | 75.8 | (0.43) | 74.4 | (0.45) | 41.7 | (0.49) | 88.6 | (0.47) | 77.7 | (0.53) | 79.3 | (0.54) | 43.4 | (0.67) | 88.7 | (0.38) | 75.2 | (0.55) | 79.3 | (0.54) | 43.0 | (0.60) | ||||||||||||||||
| Sex of child | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 87.4 | (0.49) | 77.7 | (0.63) | 67.4 | (0.75) | 41.2 | (0.88) | 87.1 | (0.66) | 76.4 | (0.61) | 72.3 | (0.65) | 40.0 | (0.71) | 87.5 | (0.80) | 78.6 | (0.74) | 77.2 | (0.97) | 41.9 | (0.82) | 88.1 | (0.55) | 76.2 | (0.71) | 77.8 | (0.80) | 41.1 | (0.78) | ||||||||||||||||
| Female | 87.9 | (0.56) | 76.5 | (0.63) | 72.6 | (0.62) | 42.4 | (0.83) | 87.7 | (0.50) | 75.1 | (0.61) | 76.7 | (0.68) | 43.5 | (0.88) | 89.8 | (0.56) | 76.6 | (0.76) | 81.6 | (0.60) | 45.0 | (0.87) | 89.2 | (0.58) | 74.2 | (0.78) | 80.9 | (0.67) | 45.0 | (0.94) | ||||||||||||||||
Race/ethnicity of child |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 88.7 | (0.50) | 76.3 | (0.62) | 74.1 | (0.65) | 48.3 | (0.82) | 89.1 | (0.50) | 77.2 | (0.56) | 81.5 | (0.54) | 49.6 | (0.72) | 90.6 | (0.52) | 78.8 | (0.67) | 85.8 | (0.63) | 49.1 | (0.83) | 90.2 | (0.43) | 76.0 | (0.63) | 84.5 | (0.61) | 49.1 | (0.76) | ||||||||||||||||
| Black | 88.7 | (0.85) | 78.7 | (1.35) | 63.3 | (1.54) | 31.9 | (1.64) | 85.0 | (1.35) | 76.1 | (1.35) | 68.0 | (1.66) | 30.3 | (1.33) | 87.2 | (1.72) | 78.9 | (1.60) | 72.2 | (2.02) | 33.9 | (1.81) | 88.1 | (1.17) | 76.7 | (1.68) | 76.2 | (1.62) | 35.6 | (1.67) | ||||||||||||||||
| Hispanic | 82.6 | (1.05) | 78.1 | (1.10) | 60.9 | (1.36) | 27.7 | (1.23) | 85.7 | (0.98) | 72.8 | (1.08) | 64.0 | (1.34) | 31.7 | (1.14) | 86.7 | (0.98) | 74.6 | (1.38) | 71.3 | (1.29) | 35.9 | (1.49) | 87.3 | (0.87) | 72.5 | (1.30) | 72.5 | (1.12) | 35.2 | (1.52) | ||||||||||||||||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 88.5 | 2 | (2.14) | 77.7 | 2 | (3.03) | 65.1 | 2 | (3.65) | 33.8 | 2 | (2.69) | 83.0 | (1.72) | 71.5 | (2.01) | 65.8 | (2.21) | 35.2 | (2.22) | 80.0 | (3.59) | 76.4 | (2.25) | 71.1 | (2.49) | 41.7 | (2.96) | 83.1 | (1.81) | 73.1 | (2.18) | 69.5 | (2.66) | 40.9 | (2.15) | ||||||||||||
| Asian | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 82.5 | (1.80) | 71.5 | (2.03) | 65.0 | (2.30) | 34.0 | (2.33) | 79.5 | (3.71) | 76.4 | (2.36) | 71.9 | (2.57) | 41.4 | (3.07) | 82.7 | (1.87) | 72.8 | (2.16) | 68.6 | (2.73) | 40.3 | (2.14) | ||||||||||||||||
| Pacific Islander | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 90.7 | (3.96) | 71.4 | (8.97) | 79.0 | (6.32) | 54.3 | (11.37) | 92.0 | (5.24) | 78.7 | (10.09) | 52.3 | (11.66) | 48.2 | (10.95) | 92.2 | (5.18) | 77.8 | (8.72) | 88.3 | (6.63) | 54.2 | (12.87) | ||||||||||||||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native |
85.1 | (5.22) | 85.1 | (6.68) | 69.5 | (7.37) | 18.9 | (5.57) | 85.1 | (4.91) | 79.9 | (6.85) | 75.6 | (6.61) | 42.3 | (8.61) | 93.0 | (3.05) | 87.5 | (4.36) | 80.1 | (7.45) | 59.4 | (10.56) | 91.0 | (3.41) | 81.7 | (7.38) | 79.4 | (5.85) | 44.4 | (8.72) | ||||||||||||||||
| Two or more races | 87.2 | (2.45) | 74.9 | (3.63) | 72.3 | (2.84) | 47.7 | (3.79) | 88.8 | (1.30) | 78.4 | (2.31) | 76.0 | (2.52) | 45.3 | (2.57) | 91.2 | (1.37) | 78.1 | (2.29) | 83.1 | (2.07) | 48.0 | (3.17) | 89.2 | (1.62) | 78.8 | (1.70) | 82.8 | (1.97) | 45.7 | (2.68) | ||||||||||||||||
Highest education level of parents/guardians in the household |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than a high school diploma |
69.8 | 3 | (2.04) | 67.8 | 3 | (2.50) | 42.4 | 3 | (2.42) | 15.6 | 3 | (2.04) | 77.0 | (1.79) | 63.3 | (1.88) | 48.0 | (2.04) | 18.3 | (1.72) | 76.4 | (2.98) | 69.8 | (2.74) | 54.3 | (2.75) | 25.0 | (2.70) | 81.8 | (2.05) | 67.6 | (2.87) | 60.9 | (2.82) | 24.8 | (2.72) | ||||||||||||
| High school diploma or equivalent |
83.8 | 3 | (0.91) | 75.4 | 3 | (0.94) | 62.1 | 3 | (1.28) | 30.3 | 3 | (1.27) | 82.1 | (1.42) | 72.2 | (1.23) | 62.3 | (1.45) | 27.6 | (1.38) | 82.2 | (1.34) | 73.1 | (1.55) | 69.5 | (1.70) | 26.5 | (1.99) | 82.3 | (1.14) | 70.7 | (1.48) | 68.9 | (1.40) | 28.4 | (1.50) | ||||||||||||
| Vocational/technical or some college |
88.5 | 3 | (0.67) | 78.0 | 3 | (1.02) | 69.1 | 3 | (0.94) | 38.8 | 3 | (1.25) | 87.5 | (0.62) | 75.4 | (1.02) | 76.1 | (0.99) | 39.0 | (1.14) | 89.2 | (0.75) | 75.7 | (1.08) | 78.2 | (1.21) | 34.7 | (1.20) | 87.4 | (0.92) | 74.8 | (1.12) | 77.0 | (1.08) | 36.9 | (1.35) | ||||||||||||
| Associate's degree | 88.6 | 3 | (1.27) | 76.6 | 3 | (1.68) | 73.0 | 3 | (1.76) | 39.7 | 3 | (1.67) | 88.9 | (0.91) | 79.5 | (1.13) | 80.5 | (1.37) | 44.9 | (1.77) | 90.2 | (1.08) | 77.6 | (1.30) | 83.4 | (1.45) | 44.8 | (1.70) | 89.0 | (0.91) | 76.2 | (1.31) | 82.7 | (1.12) | 41.0 | (1.55) | ||||||||||||
| Bachelor's degree/some graduate school |
92.0 | 3 | (0.73) | 79.8 | 3 | (0.89) | 80.1 | 3 | (0.94) | 53.9 | 3 | (1.30) | 92.1 | (0.53) | 79.9 | (0.62) | 85.0 | (0.63) | 55.0 | (1.11) | 92.9 | (0.57) | 81.5 | (0.96) | 87.3 | (0.71) | 54.0 | (1.18) | 92.2 | (0.50) | 77.7 | (0.77) | 86.1 | (0.77) | 53.6 | (1.26) | ||||||||||||
| Graduate/professional degree | 94.6 | 3 | (0.74) | 79.5 | 3 | (1.00) | 80.8 | 3 | (1.10) | 61.7 | 3 | (1.57) | 95.1 | (0.47) | 83.0 | (0.68) | 90.1 | (0.59) | 61.8 | (1.30) | 95.3 | (0.47) | 83.8 | (0.75) | 92.7 | (0.60) | 64.9 | (1.05) | 94.5 | (0.38) | 80.2 | (0.94) | 90.0 | (0.57) | 58.2 | (1.06) | ||||||||||||
Family income (in current dollars) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $20,000 or less | 79.8 | (1.43) | 74.6 | (1.33) | 56.6 | (1.42) | 26.1 | (1.45) | 79.9 | (1.15) | 69.4 | (1.36) | 57.2 | (1.31) | 24.1 | (1.18) | 79.5 | (2.18) | 73.7 | (1.89) | 61.4 | (1.98) | 24.2 | (1.78) | 83.3 | (1.45) | 74.1 | (1.99) | 63.9 | (2.28) | 24.4 | (1.93) | ||||||||||||||||
| $20,001 to $50,000 | 85.1 | (0.67) | 77.3 | (0.85) | 66.2 | (0.94) | 34.6 | (1.14) | 84.3 | (0.73) | 74.5 | (1.04) | 67.2 | (1.28) | 31.1 | (1.22) | 85.0 | (1.12) | 76.0 | (1.18) | 70.2 | (1.47) | 31.9 | (1.63) | 84.5 | (0.97) | 72.3 | (1.21) | 71.6 | (1.29) | 32.0 | (1.42) | ||||||||||||||||
| $50,001 to $75,000 | 89.9 | (0.79) | 76.8 | (0.96) | 74.5 | (1.03) | 46.0 | (1.26) | 88.7 | (0.97) | 77.3 | (1.23) | 77.3 | (1.19) | 43.7 | (1.40) | 88.7 | (1.02) | 78.3 | (1.13) | 81.2 | (1.35) | 39.7 | (1.65) | 86.5 | (1.22) | 73.4 | (1.63) | 77.4 | (1.59) | 39.0 | (1.77) | ||||||||||||||||
| $75,001 to $100,000 | 94.0 | (0.80) | 79.4 | (1.28) | 77.6 | (1.34) | 51.5 | (1.71) | 89.9 | (0.88) | 77.3 | (1.15) | 81.9 | (1.13) | 47.8 | (1.24) | 91.4 | (0.87) | 75.9 | (1.23) | 83.5 | (1.32) | 49.2 | (1.53) | 89.5 | (0.93) | 75.0 | (1.21) | 80.4 | (1.32) | 42.7 | (1.44) | ||||||||||||||||
| Over $100,000 | 93.9 | (0.71) | 77.9 | (1.21) | 80.7 | (1.03) | 61.1 | (1.19) | 92.5 | (0.92) | 79.0 | (0.80) | 85.5 | (0.96) | 57.6 | (1.05) | 93.6 | (0.62) | 80.8 | (0.95) | 90.5 | (0.70) | 59.1 | (0.99) | 93.1 | (0.38) | 78.1 | (0.75) | 88.1 | (0.52) | 56.0 | (0.91) | ||||||||||||||||
Poverty status4 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Poor5 | 79.4 | (1.55) | 74.5 | (1.37) | 56.7 | (1.57) | 26.8 | (1.55) | 82.5 | (1.08) | 71.3 | (1.29) | 60.0 | (1.52) | 26.8 | (1.28) | 81.1 | (1.68) | 74.8 | (1.90) | 62.3 | (1.78) | 26.6 | (1.77) | 83.4 | (1.04) | 75.1 | (1.61) | 65.8 | (1.73) | 27.7 | (1.99) | ||||||||||||||||
| Near-poor6 | 85.1 | (0.89) | 77.9 | (1.05) | 64.8 | (0.98) | 32.5 | (1.31) | 83.7 | (0.78) | 75.2 | (0.97) | 66.5 | (1.22) | 31.2 | (1.35) | 85.8 | (1.14) | 76.4 | (1.24) | 71.4 | (1.42) | 33.0 | (1.86) | 85.6 | (1.20) | 71.2 | (1.56) | 74.0 | (1.40) | 32.8 | (1.31) | ||||||||||||||||
| Nonpoor7 | 91.0 | (0.46) | 77.6 | (0.58) | 75.7 | (0.51) | 49.5 | (0.76) | 90.4 | (0.51) | 77.5 | (0.55) | 82.2 | (0.61) | 50.6 | (0.71) | 91.7 | (0.48) | 78.9 | (0.66) | 86.9 | (0.57) | 51.7 | (0.78) | 90.9 | (0.37) | 76.4 | (0.59) | 84.2 | (0.55) | 49.8 | (0.69) | ||||||||||||||||
Control of school and enrollment level of child |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Public school | 86.7 | (0.40) | 75.9 | (0.45) | 68.0 | (0.47) | 38.5 | (0.64) | 86.5 | (0.43) | 74.8 | (0.45) | 72.9 | (0.50) | 39.0 | (0.52) | 88.2 | (0.50) | 76.7 | (0.56) | 77.8 | (0.60) | 40.3 | (0.69) | 87.9 | (0.41) | 73.9 | (0.61) | 78.0 | (0.57) | 39.9 | (0.62) | ||||||||||||||||
| Elementary (kindergarten to grade 8) |
90.9 | (0.40) | 85.1 | (0.42) | 71.7 | (0.57) | 42.8 | (0.75) | 90.0 | (0.42) | 82.4 | (0.47) | 76.0 | (0.64) | 44.1 | (0.69) | 91.0 | (0.59) | 84.8 | (0.62) | 80.5 | (0.70) | 44.6 | (0.89) | 91.5 | (0.43) | 82.8 | (0.67) | 82.0 | (0.66) | 44.0 | (0.72) | ||||||||||||||||
| Secondary (grades 9 to 12) | 76.9 | (1.06) | 54.8 | (1.03) | 59.4 | (1.06) | 28.5 | (0.98) | 77.8 | (0.92) | 55.5 | (1.04) | 65.1 | (0.90) | 26.2 | (0.71) | 81.2 | (0.88) | 56.1 | (1.21) | 71.0 | (1.01) | 29.4 | (0.95) | 79.2 | (0.93) | 52.3 | (1.16) | 68.2 | (1.02) | 29.8 | (0.89) | ||||||||||||||||
| Private school | 95.8 | (0.61) | 86.6 | (1.02) | 85.8 | (1.20) | 68.6 | (1.57) | 96.2 | (0.58) | 86.9 | (1.13) | 90.1 | (1.18) | 69.5 | (1.63) | 92.2 | (1.39) | 87.3 | (1.21) | 93.5 | (1.14) | 72.6 | (1.91) | 95.4 | (0.65) | 87.4 | (1.26) | 91.2 | (1.16) | 72.1 | (1.82) | ||||||||||||||||
| Elementary (kindergarten to grade 8) |
96.6 | (0.70) | 91.6 | (0.93) | 88.4 | (1.23) | 73.3 | (1.91) | 97.4 | (0.63) | 91.2 | (1.47) | 91.8 | (1.39) | 74.4 | (1.87) | 92.1 | (1.76) | 90.5 | (1.51) | 94.2 | (1.41) | 78.2 | (2.27) | 95.9 | (0.76) | 91.3 | (1.41) | 92.3 | (1.40) | 75.9 | (2.17) | ||||||||||||||||
| Secondary (grades 9 to 12) | 93.3 | (1.55) | 72.3 | (2.49) | 78.3 | (2.77) | 54.8 | (2.82) | 92.5 | (1.20) | 73.6 | (2.19) | 84.9 | (2.08) | 54.6 | (2.44) | 92.5 | (2.36) | 78.7 | (1.89) | 91.5 | (1.30) | 57.5 | (2.80) | 93.6 | (1.28) | 74.4 | (2.10) | 87.5 | (2.02) | 59.3 | (2.53) | ||||||||||||||||
Locale of household8 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| City | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 86.1 | (0.76) | 74.9 | (0.84) | 68.4 | (0.93) | 36.3 | (0.98) | 86.4 | (1.02) | 78.7 | (1.10) | 75.5 | (1.25) | 42.2 | (1.39) | 88.3 | (0.67) | 76.5 | (1.05) | 77.1 | (0.96) | 42.6 | (1.27) | ||||||||||||||||
| Suburban | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 88.3 | (0.63) | 74.9 | (0.74) | 74.5 | (0.76) | 44.2 | (0.83) | 90.0 | (0.65) | 77.5 | (0.88) | 80.9 | (0.79) | 45.5 | (0.88) | 89.2 | (0.52) | 75.1 | (0.68) | 79.2 | (0.78) | 43.5 | (0.78) | ||||||||||||||||
| Town | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 87.3 | (1.27) | 76.9 | (1.78) | 76.5 | (1.92) | 37.3 | (1.90) | 87.4 | (1.51) | 77.0 | (1.72) | 76.3 | (1.76) | 34.9 | (1.99) | 87.0 | (1.35) | 76.8 | (1.94) | 80.0 | (1.60) | 37.7 | (1.91) | ||||||||||||||||
| Rural | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 87.6 | (0.87) | 78.0 | (0.76) | 81.0 | (0.97) | 46.1 | (1.15) | 89.8 | (1.02) | 76.3 | (1.34) | 84.2 | (1.15) | 44.0 | (1.75) | 88.6 | (0.69) | 72.3 | (1.35) | 83.1 | (1.16) | 45.3 | (1.30) | ||||||||||||||||
Enrollment level of child and locale of household |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elementary | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| City | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 88.9 | (0.77) | 81.1 | (0.93) | 71.7 | (1.15) | 40.4 | (1.25) | 88.8 | (1.25) | 86.9 | (1.13) | 78.3 | (1.41) | 46.4 | (1.85) | 91.6 | (0.81) | 84.7 | (1.08) | 81.4 | (1.17) | 47.7 | (1.55) | ||||||||||||||||
| Suburban | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 91.8 | (0.62) | 83.6 | (0.71) | 77.8 | (0.97) | 50.6 | (0.96) | 92.4 | (0.75) | 85.4 | (0.95) | 83.4 | (0.96) | 51.1 | (1.13) | 92.5 | (0.52) | 83.9 | (0.84) | 83.1 | (0.92) | 47.7 | (0.94) | ||||||||||||||||
| Town | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 91.2 | (1.39) | 83.4 | (2.30) | 77.9 | (2.37) | 41.2 | (2.41) | 90.9 | (1.74) | 84.8 | (1.98) | 79.5 | (2.52) | 37.4 | (2.58) | 89.8 | (1.35) | 84.6 | (2.25) | 84.0 | (1.75) | 39.5 | (2.44) | ||||||||||||||||
| Rural | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 91.0 | (0.74) | 85.0 | (0.84) | 84.1 | (1.00) | 51.6 | (1.41) | 92.4 | (1.17) | 82.2 | (1.67) | 86.1 | (1.57) | 47.5 | (2.10) | 92.3 | (0.73) | 80.8 | (1.59) | 85.8 | (1.41) | 49.7 | (1.59) | ||||||||||||||||
| Secondary | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| City | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 78.0 | (1.47) | 57.2 | (1.64) | 59.1 | (1.81) | 24.8 | (1.38) | 79.6 | (1.66) | 55.6 | (1.92) | 67.3 | (1.74) | 30.4 | (1.57) | 79.6 | (1.41) | 54.9 | (1.80) | 65.9 | (1.89) | 28.9 | (1.67) | ||||||||||||||||
| Suburban | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 79.8 | (1.47) | 54.0 | (1.58) | 66.3 | (1.55) | 28.7 | (1.35) | 84.1 | (1.18) | 58.7 | (1.61) | 74.8 | (1.35) | 32.2 | (1.26) | 81.3 | (1.21) | 54.2 | (1.46) | 69.7 | (1.40) | 33.3 | (1.24) | ||||||||||||||||
| Town | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 76.6 | (2.38) | 59.2 | (2.81) | 72.6 | (2.35) | 26.6 | (2.24) | 78.1 | (3.12) | 55.9 | (3.63) | 67.8 | (3.32) | 28.1 | (3.18) | 79.9 | (3.55) | 57.3 | (4.21) | 69.8 | (4.04) | 33.1 | (3.46) | ||||||||||||||||
| Rural | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 79.2 | (2.05) | 60.6 | (1.86) | 73.5 | (2.20) | 32.7 | (1.76) | 83.6 | (1.72) | 61.9 | (1.87) | 79.7 | (1.68) | 35.5 | (2.07) | 79.3 | (1.67) | 50.3 | (2.00) | 76.3 | (1.70) | 33.8 | (1.79) | ||||||||||||||||
| ---Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 PTO stands for Parent Teacher Organization and PTA stands for Parent Teacher Association. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 The 2003 questionnaire included a single item for "Asian or Pacific Islander," whereas questionnaires for later years included one item for Asian and a separate item for Pacific Islander. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 In 2003, education level was not collected for the second parent in a same sex couple. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 The Census Bureau's poverty threshold is a dollar amount that varies depending on a family's size and composition and is updated annually to account for inflation. In 2019, for example, the poverty threshold for a family of four with two children was $25,926. Survey respondents are asked to select the range within which their income falls, rather than giving the exact amount of their income; therefore, the measure of poverty status is an approximation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Poor children are those whose family incomes were below the poverty threshold in the year prior to data collection. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 Near-poor children are those whose family incomes ranged from the poverty threshold to 199 percent of the poverty threshold. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 Nonpoor children are those whose family incomes were at or above 200 percent of the poverty threshold. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 Based on zip code of the household. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES) administrations prior to 2012 were administered via telephone with an interviewer. NHES:2012 and NHES:2016 used self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaires that were mailed to respondents. Measurable differences between estimates for years prior to 2012 and estimates for later years could reflect actual changes in the population, or the changes could be due to the mode change from telephone to mail. For NHES:2019, the majority of data were collected using a web-based survey instrument that respondents accessed with credentials they received in a mailed invitation. Paper surveys were used for nonresponse follow-up and for a small experiment. Includes children enrolled in kindergarten through grade 12 and ungraded students. Excludes homeschooled children. Responding parents reported on their own activities and the activities of their spouse/other adults in the household. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (PFI-NHES:2003, 2012, 2016, and 2019). (This table was prepared April 2021.) |
