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| 2022 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 207.30. | Number of kindergartners through fifth-graders and percentage whose parents reported doing education-related activities with their children in the past week, by selected child, parent, and school characteristics: 2012, 2016, and 2019 |
| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected child, parent, or school characteristic | Number of children (in thousands) | Percent of children whose parents reported doing education-related activities with them in the past week | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Told child a story | Did arts and crafts | Discussed family history/ ethnic heritage |
Played board games or did puzzles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2012 | 2016 | 2019 | 2012 | 2016 | 2019 | 2012 | 2016 | 2019 | 2012 | 2016 | 2019 | 2012 | 2016 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 17 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 25,331 | (137.9) | 25,085 | (167.1) | 24,359 | (166.7) | 68.8 | (0.91) | 72.0 | (0.94) | 73.6 | (0.73) | 67.0 | (0.84) | 68.8 | (1.11) | 75.4 | (0.82) | 49.4 | (1.00) | 50.8 | (0.99) | 51.8 | (0.84) | 64.0 | (0.94) | 67.4 | (1.13) | 74.2 | (0.90) |
| Sex of child | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 13,103 | (241.4) | 12,925 | (281.3) | 12,668 | (255.5) | 68.2 | (1.27) | 71.3 | (1.59) | 73.6 | (1.12) | 60.7 | (1.19) | 61.8 | (1.62) | 68.4 | (1.33) | 47.6 | (1.10) | 47.9 | (1.49) | 51.3 | (1.14) | 63.0 | (1.20) | 66.5 | (1.73) | 73.7 | (1.27) |
| Female | 12,228 | (234.7) | 12,160 | (221.5) | 11,690 | (241.9) | 69.5 | (1.22) | 72.8 | (1.27) | 73.7 | (1.09) | 73.8 | (1.25) | 76.3 | (1.29) | 83.0 | (0.76) | 51.2 | (1.47) | 53.9 | (1.35) | 52.3 | (1.33) | 65.2 | (1.14) | 68.2 | (1.37) | 74.8 | (1.04) |
Race/ethnicity of child1 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 12,600 | (173.4) | 12,190 | (262.3) | 11,442 | (232.2) | 71.9 | (0.98) | 72.8 | (1.21) | 74.5 | (0.89) | 67.5 | (1.08) | 68.3 | (1.17) | 74.3 | (1.10) | 37.3 | (1.21) | 36.7 | (1.18) | 38.8 | (1.23) | 66.6 | (1.03) | 68.2 | (1.19) | 75.2 | (1.10) |
| Black | 3,642 | (107.8) | 3,450 | (136.5) | 3,481 | (140.0) | 64.3 | (2.40) | 73.8 | (2.41) | 72.4 | (2.50) | 64.0 | (2.76) | 66.1 | (3.01) | 76.1 | (2.25) | 67.4 | (2.44) | 69.9 | (3.10) | 62.9 | (2.65) | 60.1 | (2.94) | 64.7 | (3.83) | 70.7 | (2.57) |
| Hispanic | 6,051 | (126.3) | 6,234 | (183.7) | 6,136 | (160.8) | 65.4 | (2.15) | 69.9 | (1.99) | 71.1 | (1.78) | 67.7 | (1.69) | 71.9 | (2.22) | 76.2 | (1.71) | 58.1 | (2.09) | 64.5 | (2.14) | 66.3 | (1.83) | 62.2 | (1.88) | 69.2 | (1.99) | 74.3 | (1.76) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1,398 | (93.2) | 1,735 | (171.4) | 1,523 | (103.3) | 69.2 | (3.38) | 66.8 | (6.31) | 76.0 | (2.96) | 63.4 | (3.45) | 63.0 | (7.10) | 73.4 | (3.85) | 69.8 | (3.56) | 56.2 | (5.10) | 61.4 | (4.21) | 61.5 | (3.87) | 60.4 | (6.54) | 74.0 | (2.81) |
| Asian | 1,331 | (88.9) | 1,676 | (172.0) | 1,476 | (100.5) | 68.0 | (3.52) | 66.6 | (6.54) | 75.4 | (3.08) | 62.7 | (3.52) | 62.8 | (7.33) | 73.1 | (3.94) | 68.8 | (3.78) | 55.3 | (5.19) | 61.2 | (4.32) | 60.6 | (3.94) | 61.1 | (6.87) | 74.6 | (2.91) |
| Pacific Islander | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 228 | (54.2) | ‡ | (†) | 140 | (32.8) | 70.3 | (11.26) | ‡ | (†) | 69.9 | (13.29) | 76.5 | (9.66) | ‡ | (†) | 86.7 | (8.12) | 56.0 | (12.17) | ‡ | (†) | 59.8 | (11.93) | 49.7 | (11.34) | ‡ | (†) | 85.2 | (6.76) |
| Two or more races | 1,411 | (93.6) | 1,410 | (124.7) | 1,638 | (132.8) | 66.4 | (3.35) | 77.5 | (3.58) | 77.5 | (3.52) | 69.7 | (2.91) | 73.6 | (3.47) | 79.6 | (2.75) | 51.7 | (3.79) | 58.5 | (4.64) | 54.9 | (4.50) | 64.2 | (3.93) | 67.0 | (4.08) | 73.8 | (3.40) |
Grade of child |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kindergarten and grade 1 | 9,219 | (140.6) | 9,130 | (174.2) | 8,612 | (138.4) | 78.0 | (1.60) | 79.1 | (1.72) | 84.4 | (1.12) | 81.2 | (1.14) | 79.2 | (2.22) | 88.3 | (1.00) | 44.4 | (1.89) | 43.9 | (2.00) | 48.5 | (1.56) | 69.3 | (1.56) | 71.9 | (2.28) | 79.8 | (1.53) |
| Grades 2 and 3 | 7,965 | (155.5) | 7,922 | (183.1) | 7,781 | (156.8) | 66.9 | (1.51) | 72.6 | (1.68) | 69.5 | (1.41) | 66.7 | (1.54) | 69.3 | (1.57) | 73.5 | (1.48) | 52.1 | (1.53) | 52.5 | (1.88) | 51.4 | (1.45) | 65.5 | (1.44) | 68.1 | (1.99) | 73.9 | (1.45) |
| Grades 4 and 5 | 8,146 | (130.5) | 8,033 | (167.3) | 7,965 | (167.0) | 60.2 | (1.55) | 63.4 | (1.55) | 66.0 | (1.60) | 51.2 | (1.45) | 56.6 | (1.56) | 63.3 | (1.63) | 52.3 | (1.44) | 56.9 | (1.59) | 55.7 | (1.58) | 56.6 | (1.50) | 61.4 | (1.62) | 68.5 | (1.75) |
Language spoken most at home by child2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| English | 21,763 | (198.7) | 20,716 | (269.5) | 20,602 | (209.3) | 69.4 | (1.00) | 73.2 | (0.92) | 74.6 | (0.77) | 67.2 | (0.81) | 68.5 | (1.11) | 75.2 | (0.92) | 46.8 | (1.13) | 47.2 | (1.06) | 48.7 | (0.98) | 64.0 | (1.06) | 67.0 | (1.08) | 74.5 | (0.83) |
| Spanish | 1,145 | (78.2) | 1,438 | (151.4) | 697 | (73.8) | 56.4 | (5.08) | 62.3 | (5.94) | 69.9 | (4.56) | 70.7 | (3.63) | 66.5 | (5.88) | 77.7 | (5.15) | 64.7 | (4.04) | 70.9 | (5.69) | 77.0 | (4.09) | 60.2 | (4.36) | 69.7 | (5.49) | 71.6 | (5.22) |
| English and Spanish equally | 1,310 | (104.9) | 1,398 | (117.1) | 1,653 | (125.5) | 68.7 | (4.01) | 69.0 | (4.54) | 64.7 | (4.64) | 64.5 | (4.01) | 78.3 | (3.78) | 76.5 | (4.03) | 64.0 | (3.84) | 75.9 | (4.22) | 74.3 | (3.55) | 67.0 | (3.51) | 72.8 | (4.14) | 78.5 | (3.70) |
| English and other language equally | 705 | (60.9) | 1,038 | (176.8) | 871 | (96.0) | 74.6 | (3.94) | 66.0 | (8.87) | 74.8 | (5.80) | 66.9 | (4.78) | 66.9 | (9.27) | 74.4 | (5.73) | 72.2 | (4.54) | 63.3 | (8.85) | 61.7 | (5.89) | 68.2 | (3.67) | 63.8 | (8.86) | 58.7 | (6.33) |
| Other language | 335 | (68.9) | 415 | (91.7) | 472 | (106.3) | 66.1 | (9.93) | 77.6 | (7.42) | 62.1 | (10.71) | 55.2 | (10.98) | 70.1 | (7.17) | 80.3 | (7.23) | 63.1 | (11.51) | 47.6 | (8.04) | 59.7 | (10.34) | 65.5 | (11.12) | 66.9 | (10.08) | 80.7 | (5.56) |
Highest education level of parents/ guardians in the household |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than high a school diploma | 2,933 | (115.7) | 2,690 | (173.3) | 2,363 | (138.8) | 65.0 | (3.19) | 59.6 | (5.53) | 60.6 | (4.86) | 67.2 | (3.32) | 66.1 | (4.93) | 72.8 | (4.69) | 60.7 | (3.45) | 59.6 | (5.02) | 66.6 | (4.03) | 61.7 | (3.09) | 59.3 | (5.46) | 74.7 | (4.00) |
| High school diploma/GED | 4,898 | (146.9) | 4,819 | (168.4) | 4,575 | (165.8) | 65.7 | (2.45) | 72.4 | (2.45) | 73.1 | (2.34) | 70.3 | (2.50) | 71.4 | (2.76) | 80.0 | (2.09) | 50.8 | (2.04) | 56.1 | (3.27) | 59.8 | (2.40) | 64.8 | (2.32) | 68.8 | (2.40) | 74.3 | (2.45) |
| Vocational/technical or some college |
5,044 | (129.5) | 4,043 | (166.7) | 3,855 | (123.2) | 69.1 | (1.56) | 70.3 | (2.32) | 75.6 | (1.76) | 64.4 | (1.87) | 68.9 | (2.33) | 74.7 | (1.85) | 47.0 | (1.90) | 49.0 | (2.44) | 51.1 | (1.93) | 63.9 | (1.72) | 70.8 | (2.05) | 71.2 | (1.75) |
| Associate's degree | 2,617 | (141.8) | 2,392 | (138.2) | 2,302 | (130.1) | 67.0 | (3.80) | 71.6 | (2.57) | 73.8 | (2.25) | 66.0 | (2.45) | 72.2 | (2.69) | 73.4 | (1.98) | 44.6 | (3.22) | 51.5 | (3.36) | 46.5 | (2.45) | 57.9 | (3.69) | 67.1 | (2.70) | 73.8 | (2.55) |
| Bachelor's degree/some graduate school |
6,485 | (152.8) | 6,688 | (198.9) | 6,503 | (173.9) | 71.3 | (1.37) | 76.0 | (1.47) | 74.5 | (1.46) | 66.8 | (1.47) | 68.4 | (1.72) | 74.7 | (1.56) | 45.6 | (1.49) | 46.3 | (1.98) | 44.3 | (1.76) | 65.1 | (1.67) | 67.8 | (1.76) | 74.1 | (1.34) |
| Graduate/professional degree | 3,354 | (69.8) | 4,452 | (110.9) | 4,760 | (96.4) | 72.7 | (1.41) | 75.0 | (1.64) | 77.7 | (1.19) | 67.3 | (1.41) | 66.4 | (1.66) | 74.8 | (1.20) | 51.9 | (1.74) | 47.8 | (1.76) | 50.2 | (1.50) | 67.8 | (1.39) | 67.0 | (1.87) | 76.7 | (1.36) |
Family income (in current dollars) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $20,000 or less | 3,838 | (112.7) | 3,324 | (160.2) | 2,559 | (110.5) | 68.7 | (1.81) | 65.6 | (3.67) | 77.8 | (2.75) | 71.4 | (2.08) | 67.1 | (3.82) | 77.4 | (3.59) | 54.3 | (2.17) | 57.9 | (3.38) | 62.6 | (3.10) | 61.7 | (2.22) | 64.7 | (3.81) | 77.2 | (2.89) |
| $20,001 to $50,000 | 7,166 | (155.7) | 6,535 | (154.9) | 5,721 | (130.4) | 68.6 | (1.87) | 70.6 | (1.94) | 70.8 | (1.98) | 68.1 | (1.86) | 70.3 | (2.41) | 77.0 | (1.82) | 53.6 | (2.07) | 55.4 | (2.38) | 55.8 | (2.15) | 63.6 | (1.80) | 67.4 | (2.16) | 71.4 | (2.19) |
| $50,001 to $75,000 | 4,380 | (123.2) | 4,159 | (140.3) | 3,818 | (122.3) | 68.5 | (2.31) | 71.9 | (2.17) | 72.2 | (2.11) | 67.5 | (1.86) | 68.8 | (2.31) | 76.6 | (1.94) | 47.7 | (2.35) | 54.7 | (3.01) | 55.3 | (1.99) | 63.3 | (2.35) | 68.1 | (2.64) | 74.0 | (2.17) |
| $75,001 to $100,000 | 3,279 | (81.0) | 3,277 | (99.8) | 3,174 | (96.2) | 68.4 | (2.03) | 75.1 | (2.30) | 71.7 | (2.01) | 64.7 | (2.13) | 68.4 | (2.78) | 68.0 | (2.38) | 46.3 | (2.46) | 46.4 | (2.39) | 49.2 | (2.22) | 65.6 | (2.29) | 65.8 | (2.46) | 71.8 | (2.10) |
| Over $100,000 | 6,668 | (133.0) | 7,790 | (166.4) | 9,086 | (151.9) | 69.4 | (1.35) | 74.7 | (1.48) | 75.5 | (1.08) | 64.1 | (1.62) | 68.6 | (1.53) | 76.0 | (1.08) | 44.5 | (1.48) | 43.8 | (1.58) | 45.7 | (1.30) | 65.5 | (1.50) | 68.7 | (1.39) | 76.1 | (1.14) |
Poverty status3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Poor | 5,489 | (157.3) | 4,771 | (191.4) | 4,423 | (154.1) | 68.6 | (2.15) | 67.3 | (2.87) | 73.2 | (2.53) | 72.0 | (2.01) | 68.2 | (2.85) | 76.3 | (2.77) | 57.6 | (2.64) | 55.8 | (2.72) | 60.8 | (2.93) | 61.7 | (2.29) | 66.8 | (3.08) | 73.9 | (2.56) |
| Near-poor | 5,495 | (162.0) | 5,470 | (231.4) | 4,721 | (157.2) | 68.3 | (1.88) | 70.6 | (2.37) | 71.1 | (2.12) | 67.5 | (1.63) | 70.6 | (2.44) | 78.5 | (1.95) | 49.8 | (2.18) | 57.4 | (2.73) | 56.5 | (2.45) | 63.3 | (1.71) | 66.6 | (2.68) | 75.0 | (2.56) |
| Nonpoor | 14,346 | (167.4) | 14,843 | (209.6) | 15,215 | (175.7) | 69.0 | (1.07) | 74.1 | (1.02) | 74.6 | (0.83) | 64.9 | (0.98) | 68.4 | (1.11) | 74.2 | (0.98) | 46.1 | (1.09) | 46.8 | (1.19) | 47.7 | (0.90) | 65.2 | (1.16) | 67.8 | (1.09) | 74.1 | (0.89) |
Control of school4 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Public | 23,207 | (177.1) | 22,640 | (190.7) | 21,600 | (211.1) | 68.1 | (1.00) | 71.5 | (1.02) | 73.5 | (0.80) | 67.0 | (0.90) | 68.1 | (1.26) | 75.3 | (0.83) | 49.6 | (1.08) | 51.0 | (1.08) | 52.0 | (0.92) | 63.5 | (1.02) | 67.4 | (1.24) | 73.7 | (0.91) |
| Private | 2,123 | (98.6) | 2,375 | (130.2) | 2,719 | (140.5) | 76.0 | (1.85) | 76.9 | (2.62) | 74.4 | (2.82) | 67.0 | (2.55) | 75.4 | (2.41) | 76.7 | (2.86) | 46.8 | (2.74) | 48.4 | (3.27) | 50.4 | (3.22) | 69.4 | (2.45) | 66.2 | (2.71) | 78.2 | (2.49) |
Locale of household5 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| City | 7,473 | (195.8) | 8,376 | (308.6) | 7,862 | (221.6) | 68.7 | (1.64) | 73.2 | (1.98) | 74.9 | (1.67) | 68.1 | (1.55) | 69.6 | (2.23) | 78.4 | (1.28) | 54.8 | (1.69) | 57.0 | (1.99) | 56.7 | (1.68) | 64.1 | (1.72) | 66.9 | (2.33) | 76.2 | (1.64) |
| Suburban | 9,418 | (211.3) | 10,797 | (275.6) | 10,151 | (190.4) | 72.1 | (1.37) | 72.6 | (1.35) | 73.9 | (1.21) | 67.6 | (1.23) | 69.7 | (1.36) | 73.1 | (1.42) | 49.9 | (1.59) | 52.5 | (1.48) | 52.5 | (1.43) | 65.2 | (1.44) | 68.1 | (1.26) | 73.1 | (1.24) |
| Town | 2,483 | (167.3) | 2,019 | (128.8) | 2,172 | (162.6) | 64.8 | (4.83) | 71.0 | (2.64) | 75.0 | (2.90) | 67.4 | (3.35) | 64.2 | (3.70) | 79.1 | (2.26) | 48.5 | (3.24) | 42.8 | (3.62) | 46.7 | (2.99) | 57.6 | (3.38) | 65.0 | (3.20) | 75.4 | (2.64) |
| Rural | 5,956 | (191.3) | 3,893 | (189.6) | 4,174 | (195.8) | 65.3 | (1.45) | 68.4 | (2.45) | 69.8 | (2.06) | 64.7 | (1.54) | 67.3 | (2.42) | 73.6 | (2.36) | 42.2 | (1.75) | 36.9 | (2.28) | 43.6 | (2.31) | 64.8 | (1.45) | 67.4 | (2.24) | 72.5 | (2.28) |
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 In 2019, for a small number of non-Hispanic children, their parents did not choose any race from the categories provided on the race item in the questionnaire. These children are excluded from the 2019 breakouts by race. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 Children who were not able to speak are excluded from this analysis. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Poor children are those whose family incomes were below the Census Bureau's poverty threshold in the year prior to data collection; near-poor children are those whose family incomes ranged from the poverty threshold to 199 percent of the poverty threshold; and nonpoor children are those whose family incomes were at or above 200 percent of the poverty threshold. The poverty threshold is a dollar amount that varies depending on a family's size and composition and is updated annually to account for inflation. In 2019, for example, the poverty threshold for a family of four with two children was $25,926. Survey respondents are asked to select the range within which their income falls, rather than giving the exact amount of their income; therefore, the measure of poverty status is an approximation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Based on matching of enrolled students' school to public and private school lists maintained by the National Center of Education Statistics in the Common Core of Data or Private School Survey. Excludes students with no designated school. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Based on zip code of the household. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: NHES:2012 used self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaires that were mailed to respondents. For NHES:2016, initial contact with all respondents was by mail, and the majority of respondents received paper-and-pencil questionnaires. However, as an experiment with web use, a small sample of NHES:2016 respondents received mailed invitations to complete the survey online. For NHES:2019, the majority of data were collected using a web-based survey instrument that respondents accessed with credentials they received in a mailed invitation. Paper surveys were used for nonresponse follow-up and for a small experiment. The respondent was the parent most knowledgeable about the child's education. Responding parents reported on their own activities and the activities of their spouse/other adults in the household. Unless otherwise noted, all information is based on parent reports. Excludes children whose parents reported any homeschooling. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (PFI-NHES:2012, 2016, and 2019). (This table was prepared October 2020.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
