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| 2022 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 102.60. | Number and percentage of related children under age 18 living in poverty, by family structure, race/ethnicity, and selected racial/ethnic subgroups: 2010 and 2021 |
| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year and race/ethnicity | Number of related children living in poverty (in thousands) |
Percent of related children living in poverty, by family structure | |||||||||||||
| Total, all families |
Married-couple household1 |
Female householder, no spouse present1 |
Male householder, no spouse present1 |
||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||||||||||
| 2010 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 15,357 | (97.8) | 21.1 | (0.13) | 10.8 | (0.11) | 44.1 | (0.25) | 26.1 | (0.34) | |||||
| White | 4,934 | (47.9) | 12.7 | (0.12) | 6.6 | (0.10) | 35.1 | (0.34) | 19.6 | (0.48) | |||||
| Black | 3,835 | (42.0) | 37.8 | (0.38) | 14.7 | (0.42) | 51.3 | (0.48) | 34.9 | (1.16) | |||||
Hispanic |
5,362 | (38.2) | 31.9 | (0.22) | 22.3 | (0.28) | 49.6 | (0.39) | 32.0 | (0.69) | |||||
| Cuban | 75 | (4.7) | 18.8 | (1.10) | 12.5 | (1.29) | 35.3 | (2.46) | 15.9 | (2.88) | |||||
| Dominican | 148 | (7.1) | 34.3 | (1.22) | 12.9 | (1.24) | 52.3 | (1.95) | 20.1 | (3.38) | |||||
| Mexican | 3,999 | (35.1) | 33.8 | (0.26) | 25.3 | (0.33) | 51.1 | (0.52) | 35.0 | (0.87) | |||||
| Puerto Rican | 513 | (14.3) | 33.6 | (0.77) | 13.5 | (0.92) | 53.5 | (1.08) | 25.6 | (2.26) | |||||
| Spaniard | 31 | (3.1) | 17.4 | (1.62) | 9.3 | (1.83) | 35.5 | (3.79) | 18.2 | (5.03) | |||||
| Central American2 | 323 | (11.0) | 26.8 | (0.80) | 17.8 | (0.88) | 42.1 | (1.38) | 29.5 | (2.61) | |||||
| Costa Rican | 6 | (1.3) | 18.4 | (3.53) | 11.8 | ! | (3.71) | 25.2 | ! | (7.67) | ‡ | (†) | |||
| Guatemalan | 98 | (6.7) | 31.5 | (1.68) | 23.6 | (1.80) | 46.6 | (3.47) | 35.0 | (5.17) | |||||
| Honduran | 68 | (5.2) | 33.5 | (2.16) | 20.3 | (2.57) | 51.9 | (3.04) | 25.8 | (4.64) | |||||
| Nicaraguan | 19 | (2.8) | 21.6 | (2.90) | 12.8 | (2.80) | 38.3 | (5.61) | 27.1 | ! | (9.30) | ||||
| Panamanian | 6 | (1.5) | 15.4 | (3.49) | ‡ | (†) | 31.9 | (6.66) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Salvadoran | 123 | (6.3) | 23.6 | (1.08) | 15.5 | (1.26) | 37.1 | (1.95) | 28.6 | (4.09) | |||||
| South American | 132 | (6.4) | 17.3 | (0.78) | 11.6 | (0.79) | 33.4 | (1.70) | 16.4 | (2.89) | |||||
| Chilean | ‡ | (†) | 10.8 | (3.01) | 7.3 | ! | (3.51) | 25.8 | ! | (8.79) | ‡ | (†) | |||
| Colombian | 34 | (3.5) | 14.0 | (1.30) | 9.5 | (1.34) | 25.5 | (2.80) | 9.1 | ! | (3.85) | ||||
| Ecuadorian | 41 | (4.1) | 24.2 | (1.95) | 17.6 | (2.05) | 44.3 | (3.50) | 20.6 | (5.60) | |||||
| Peruvian | 28 | (3.8) | 18.7 | (2.25) | 11.0 | (1.90) | 38.9 | (4.57) | 15.6 | ! | (7.46) | ||||
| Venezuelan | 10 | (2.0) | 17.2 | (3.19) | 12.7 | (3.22) | 33.6 | (8.80) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Other South American | 16 | (2.5) | 14.0 | (1.88) | 9.1 | (1.77) | 30.4 | (5.79) | 19.7 | ! | (8.72) | ||||
| Other Hispanic | 142 | (7.0) | 28.3 | (1.15) | 17.5 | (1.26) | 46.8 | (1.90) | 23.7 | (3.25) | |||||
Asian |
383 | (9.6) | 12.2 | (0.30) | 9.5 | (0.28) | 28.9 | (1.23) | 22.0 | (2.12) | |||||
| Chinese3 | 67 | (3.4) | 10.0 | (0.51) | 7.8 | (0.50) | 24.6 | (2.30) | 20.3 | (3.00) | |||||
| Filipino | 25 | (3.1) | 5.4 | (0.69) | 3.0 | (0.56) | 18.7 | (2.65) | 6.3 | ! | (2.53) | ||||
| Japanese | 4 | (0.9) | 4.6 | (1.15) | 2.2 | ! | (0.91) | 26.8 | (7.52) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Korean | 34 | (2.8) | 13.0 | (0.97) | 9.9 | (0.88) | 37.1 | (4.22) | 7.8 | ! | (3.38) | ||||
| South Asian4 | 82 | (5.4) | 10.0 | (0.63) | 8.9 | (0.60) | 29.1 | (4.14) | 21.2 | (6.04) | |||||
| Asian Indian | 52 | (4.3) | 7.7 | (0.61) | 6.6 | (0.60) | 28.7 | (4.58) | 19.1 | (5.35) | |||||
| Bangladeshi | 10 | (1.7) | 30.0 | (4.25) | 31.4 | (4.45) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Bhutanese | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | |||||
| Nepalese | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | |||||
| Pakistani | 20 | (2.4) | 19.2 | (2.32) | 17.6 | (2.14) | 42.5 | (12.51) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Southeast Asian | 140 | (6.3) | 21.7 | (0.89) | 17.2 | (1.00) | 35.5 | (2.16) | 36.4 | (4.72) | |||||
| Burmese | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | |||||
| Cambodian | 17 | (2.4) | 26.3 | (2.94) | 20.2 | (4.30) | 36.0 | (5.10) | 36.8 | (9.36) | |||||
| Hmong | 40 | (4.4) | 39.7 | (3.60) | 30.9 | (3.86) | 60.1 | (7.35) | 64.6 | (8.17) | |||||
| Laotian | 11 | (2.3) | 20.5 | (3.72) | 18.0 | ! | (5.48) | 29.1 | (4.97) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Thai | 5 | ! | (1.8) | 23.3 | (6.49) | 23.9 | ! | (7.98) | 25.8 | ! | (12.05) | ‡ | (†) | ||
| Vietnamese | 63 | (4.2) | 16.3 | (1.04) | 12.8 | (1.01) | 32.4 | (3.33) | 26.3 | (5.86) | |||||
| Other Southeast Asian5 | 5 | (1.3) | 22.6 | (5.67) | 23.4 | (6.10) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Other Asian | 32 | (2.8) | 15.8 | (1.28) | 13.2 | (1.28) | 28.4 | (3.97) | 23.3 | ! | (7.53) | ||||
Pacific Islander |
28 | (2.9) | 22.0 | (2.24) | 18.8 | (2.68) | 33.6 | (4.76) | 17.0 | (4.70) | |||||
American Indian/Alaska Native6 |
188 | (6.5) | 34.0 | (1.16) | 18.7 | (1.45) | 50.2 | (1.91) | 39.0 | (2.84) | |||||
| American Indian | 159 | (6.0) | 35.5 | (1.25) | 19.2 | (1.63) | 52.8 | (1.98) | 38.8 | (3.21) | |||||
| Alaska Native | 9 | (1.4) | 24.6 | (3.44) | 13.5 | (3.36) | 36.5 | (6.32) | 27.6 | ! | (8.53) | ||||
Some other race7 |
35 | (3.3) | 19.7 | (1.60) | 11.3 | (1.74) | 36.0 | (3.99) | 32.2 | (7.41) | |||||
| Two or more races | 591 | (14.1) | 21.3 | (0.48) | 8.7 | (0.37) | 41.3 | (0.87) | 24.7 | (1.45) | |||||
2021 |
|||||||||||||||
| Total | 12,000 | (94.5) | 16.7 | (0.13) | 8.0 | (0.10) | 37.4 | (0.30) | 19.3 | (0.35) | |||||
| White | 3,575 | (38.9) | 10.4 | (0.11) | 5.6 | (0.11) | 30.4 | (0.43) | 14.5 | (0.42) | |||||
| Black | 2,791 | (40.8) | 30.7 | (0.42) | 11.8 | (0.39) | 43.5 | (0.62) | 27.5 | (1.16) | |||||
Hispanic |
4,231 | (43.6) | 22.9 | (0.23) | 13.4 | (0.26) | 40.2 | (0.41) | 22.3 | (0.69) | |||||
| Cuban | 68 | (4.9) | 15.0 | (0.96) | 6.4 | (0.91) | 31.8 | (2.36) | 18.1 | (3.17) | |||||
| Dominican | 181 | (8.9) | 26.0 | (1.15) | 11.1 | (1.54) | 41.0 | (1.92) | 20.6 | (3.14) | |||||
| Mexican | 2,685 | (38.8) | 23.1 | (0.31) | 14.6 | (0.34) | 40.0 | (0.57) | 22.5 | (0.90) | |||||
| Puerto Rican | 424 | (14.6) | 25.6 | (0.74) | 9.6 | (0.78) | 43.8 | (1.32) | 23.5 | (2.31) | |||||
| Spaniard | 38 | (3.6) | 14.8 | (1.30) | 6.2 | (1.15) | 40.0 | (3.70) | 9.4 | ! | (4.31) | ||||
| Central American | 489 | (13.8) | 26.2 | (0.64) | 16.3 | (0.77) | 43.1 | (1.29) | 26.2 | (2.03) | |||||
| Costa Rican | 4 | ! | (1.4) | 9.5 | ! | (3.36) | 4.2 | ! | (1.90) | 26.8 | ! | (12.09) | ‡ | (†) | |
| Guatemalan | 173 | (9.1) | 31.0 | (1.26) | 21.7 | (1.66) | 49.2 | (2.51) | 28.7 | (3.37) | |||||
| Honduran | 123 | (6.6) | 34.0 | (1.67) | 19.6 | (2.04) | 54.4 | (2.84) | 30.0 | (4.17) | |||||
| Nicaraguan | 19 | (2.8) | 15.6 | (2.26) | 8.1 | (1.76) | 29.1 | (5.26) | 18.6 | ! | (6.85) | ||||
| Panamanian | 7 | (1.5) | 12.2 | (2.34) | 10.7 | (3.13) | 14.8 | (4.16) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Salvadoran | 159 | (9.1) | 22.4 | (1.05) | 13.2 | (1.01) | 37.6 | (2.23) | 24.0 | (3.32) | |||||
| Other Central American | ‡ | (†) | 33.5 | ! | (10.43) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| South American | 132 | (7.2) | 13.3 | (0.73) | 8.1 | (0.82) | 28.0 | (1.70) | 15.6 | (2.04) | |||||
| Chilean | 5 | (1.4) | 10.2 | (2.69) | 7.8 | ! | (3.03) | 21.8 | ! | (7.03) | ‡ | (†) | |||
| Colombian | 42 | (4.5) | 13.6 | (1.31) | 8.8 | (1.41) | 27.3 | (3.15) | 12.4 | (3.35) | |||||
| Ecuadorian | 34 | (3.5) | 15.6 | (1.52) | 9.6 | (1.68) | 28.5 | (3.59) | 23.1 | (6.87) | |||||
| Peruvian | 20 | (2.7) | 13.3 | (1.65) | 6.5 | (1.53) | 28.8 | (4.18) | 23.6 | ! | (7.69) | ||||
| Venezuelan | 19 | (3.7) | 14.2 | (2.57) | 10.5 | (2.80) | 29.9 | (6.39) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Other South American | 11 | (1.9) | 8.6 | (1.44) | 3.7 | (0.98) | 28.0 | (5.67) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Other Hispanic | 214 | (8.7) | 22.7 | (0.86) | 13.0 | (0.88) | 41.2 | (1.76) | 19.1 | (2.33) | |||||
Asian |
351 | (10.6) | 9.8 | (0.28) | 7.3 | (0.27) | 28.0 | (1.31) | 15.3 | (1.45) | |||||
| Chinese3 | 77 | (4.7) | 11.4 | (0.62) | 8.2 | (0.54) | 30.3 | (2.83) | 17.2 | (3.26) | |||||
| Filipino | 20 | (2.1) | 4.8 | (0.50) | 2.7 | (0.33) | 15.3 | (2.73) | 10.0 | (2.81) | |||||
| Japanese | 3 | (0.8) | 5.3 | (1.26) | 3.2 | (0.93) | 16.2 | ! | (6.70) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Korean | 18 | (2.1) | 8.9 | (1.00) | 6.9 | (0.97) | 29.3 | (5.50) | 27.2 | ! | (11.08) | ||||
| South Asian | 85 | (5.3) | 6.5 | (0.39) | 6.0 | (0.40) | 19.4 | (2.76) | 7.0 | ! | (2.16) | ||||
| Asian Indian | 45 | (3.6) | 4.5 | (0.34) | 3.9 | (0.34) | 16.7 | (2.89) | 8.1 | ! | (2.69) | ||||
| Bangladeshi | 10 | (1.7) | 14.7 | (2.30) | 14.8 | (2.34) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Bhutanese | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Nepalese | 4 | (1.0) | 8.4 | (1.85) | 8.2 | (2.04) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Pakistani | 24 | (3.4) | 16.6 | (2.28) | 15.5 | (2.25) | 31.2 | ! | (9.38) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Sri Lankan | ‡ | (†) | 11.0 | ! | (4.10) | 11.2 | ! | (4.15) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||
| Southeast Asian | 104 | (5.1) | 16.9 | (0.77) | 11.1 | (0.68) | 37.8 | (2.75) | 17.7 | (3.14) | |||||
| Burmese | 24 | (3.0) | 33.3 | (3.63) | 28.4 | (3.33) | 66.2 | (10.31) | ‡ | (†) | |||||
| Cambodian | 12 | (2.4) | 24.0 | (4.34) | 7.2 | ! | (2.51) | 50.6 | (7.70) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Hmong | 22 | (3.6) | 18.3 | (2.88) | 11.3 | (2.38) | 40.6 | (8.26) | 10.0 | ! | (4.82) | ||||
| Laotian | 3 | (1.0) | 14.3 | (4.16) | ‡ | (†) | 29.0 | ! | (9.74) | ‡ | (†) | ||||
| Thai | ‡ | (†) | 14.9 | (3.55) | 9.3 | ! | (3.65) | 30.9 | ! | (11.88) | ‡ | (†) | |||
| Vietnamese | 39 | (2.7) | 12.1 | (0.81) | 7.9 | (0.71) | 27.3 | (3.49) | 26.8 | (4.53) | |||||
| Other Southeast Asian5 | ‡ | (†) | 12.4 | ! | (3.98) | 8.3 | ! | (3.44) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | |||
| Other Asian | 43 | (3.7) | 13.8 | (1.09) | 12.2 | (1.26) | 24.1 | (3.65) | 20.8 | (5.40) | |||||
Pacific Islander |
28 | (3.2) | 21.2 | (2.35) | 14.4 | (2.54) | 34.5 | (4.53) | 28.1 | (6.19) | |||||
American Indian/Alaska Native6 |
137 | (4.7) | 31.8 | (0.99) | 15.7 | (1.36) | 48.6 | (1.71) | 32.5 | (2.84) | |||||
| American Indian | 118 | (4.5) | 33.2 | (1.13) | 16.0 | (1.45) | 50.0 | (1.98) | 33.9 | (3.07) | |||||
| Alaska Native | 7 | (1.0) | 20.2 | (2.88) | 14.9 | (4.35) | 26.3 | (5.63) | 22.7 | (6.40) | |||||
Some other race7 |
92 | (8.3) | 16.7 | (1.25) | 8.9 | (1.03) | 38.5 | (3.81) | 20.1 | (3.01) | |||||
| Two or more races | 795 | (16.6) | 15.4 | (0.31) | 6.3 | (0.27) | 33.7 | (0.73) | 19.3 | (1.11) | |||||
| ---Not available. | |||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | |||||||||||||||
| !Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent. | |||||||||||||||
| ‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater. | |||||||||||||||
| 1To determine family structure, children are classified by their parents’ marital status or, if no parents are present in the household, by the marital status of the householder who is related to the children. | |||||||||||||||
| 2Includes other Central American subgroups not shown separately. | |||||||||||||||
| 3Includes Taiwanese for the 2021 data. In the 2010 American Community Survey, "Taiwanese" was not included as a response option for the detailed race/ethnicity question. | |||||||||||||||
| 4In addition to the subgroups shown, also includes Sri Lankan. | |||||||||||||||
| 5Consists of Indonesian and Malaysian. | |||||||||||||||
| 6American Indian/Alaska Native estimates include persons reporting American Indian alone, persons reporting Alaska Native alone, and persons from American Indian and/or Alaska Native tribes specified or not specified. | |||||||||||||||
| 7Consists of respondents who wrote in some other race that was not included as an option on the questionnaire. | |||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Respondents were interviewed throughout the given year and reported the income they received during the previous 12 months. Data are based on sample surveys of the entire population residing within the United States, but this table includes only related children under age 18. Related children include all children who live in a household and are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption (except a child who is the spouse of the householder). The householder is the person (or one of the people) who owns or rents (maintains) the housing unit. This table excludes unrelated children and householders who are themselves under the age of 18. Poverty status is determined by the Census Bureau using a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition. For additional information about poverty status, see https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/poverty/guidance/poverty-measures.html. Poverty estimates in this table may differ from table 102.50's official national poverty estimates, which are based on a different data source (the Current Population Survey). Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. | |||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS), 2010 and 2021. (This table was prepared November 2022.) |
