Gross domestic product per capita and expenditures on education institutions per full-time-equivalent (FTE) student, by level of education and country: Selected years, 2005 through 2018

(1,201KB)

Table 605.10.

Country	Gross domestic product per capita						Elementary and secondary education expenditures per FTE student¹											Postsecondary expenditures per FTE student¹
Country	2005	2010	2015	2016	2017	2018	2005	2010		2015		2016		2017		2018		2005	2010	2015	2016	2017	2018
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9		10		11		12		13		14	15	16	17	18	19
	Current dollars
OECD average²	$27,421	$33,262	$39,741	$41,659	$43,500	$45,526	$6,189	$8,154		$9,293		$9,505		$9,911		$10,454		$10,100	$12,818	$15,478	$16,064	$16,344	$17,049
Australia³	34,249	41,044	46,803	48,789	49,668	51,647	6,891	10,315		10,745		10,513		11,180		12,227		14,172	16,310	20,304	16,181	20,274	20,647
Austria	35,025	42,053	49,942	52,665	54,185	57,069	---	---		13,935		14,914		15,006		15,254		---	---	17,561	18,625	18,975	20,452
Belgium	33,178	39,870	46,201	48,597	50,435	52,668	7,583	10,466		11,893		12,472		12,934		13,322		12,286	15,462	17,470	18,608	19,531	20,471
Canada⁴	34,682	38,404	44,745	45,869	46,371	48,721	---	9,948	⁵	10,568	⁵	11,194	⁵	11,309	⁵	11,854	⁵	---	---	21,810	24,449	24,517	24,496
Chile	12,668	18,129	22,604	23,350	24,403	24,743	2,140	3,279		4,261		5,061		5,881		6,356		5,969	7,160	6,731	9,361	9,433	8,813
Colombia⁴	8,432	10,866	13,331	14,055	14,480	15,227	---	---		2,727		2,920		3,064		3,219		---	---	4,686	6,145	5,570	2,863
Costa Rica	10,299	13,318	17,649	19,119	20,368	20,988	---	---		---		---		---		---		---	---	---	---	---	16,473	⁶
Czech Republic	22,046	27,790	33,909	36,101	38,843	41,148	4,051	5,768		7,120		7,109		8,022		9,206		6,572	7,960	10,960	10,194	11,440	16,148
Denmark	34,153	43,041	49,058	51,967	55,356	57,459	8,942	11,759		---		10,508		11,087		11,551		14,867	19,568	---	18,978	18,453	19,684
Estonia	16,574	21,782	29,436	31,574	33,902	36,406	3,706	6,219		6,683		6,986		7,450		8,466		3,838	6,755	12,906	13,043	14,545	17,433
Finland	32,052	38,986	42,490	44,934	47,570	49,727	6,638	8,834		10,042		10,253		10,131		10,661		12,332	17,187	17,620	17,904	17,726	18,170
France	30,504	35,939	40,830	42,856	44,481	46,456	7,423	9,125		9,960		10,378		10,815		11,201		11,189	15,157	16,247	16,477	16,871	17,420
Germany	32,237	39,707	47,610	50,579	52,953	54,955	7,071	9,218		10,899		11,554		12,126		12,774		13,057	17,307	17,063	17,800	18,382	19,324
Greece⁴	25,577	27,934	26,721	27,471	28,645	29,681	5,354	---		6,313		6,506		6,452		6,943		6,320	---	4,103	---	3,300	3,503
Hungary	17,074	21,717	26,777	27,912	29,465	31,830	---	---		5,984		7,034		6,696		7,153		---	---	8,815	11,508	12,720	13,738
Iceland	37,428	39,811	49,203	53,487	55,648	58,140	8,961	8,805		11,228		11,862		13,253		14,593		9,665	8,944	12,694	14,744	15,775	15,675
Ireland⁷	40,448	43,320	69,134	71,793	78,739	85,027	6,481	9,750		8,508		8,888		9,179		9,921		10,582	---	16,539	16,790	16,724	17,152
Israel	24,743	28,836	35,488	37,806	38,850	40,351	4,579	5,686		---		8,425		9,031		9,572		9,952	10,322	10,651	11,715	11,511	12,336
Italy	30,016	34,861	36,899	39,927	41,581	43,085	7,103	8,169		9,045		8,901		9,987		11,202		7,274	10,063	11,318	11,809	12,167	12,305
Japan⁸	31,524	34,425	39,404	39,747	40,409	41,654	7,471	8,882		10,100		9,866		9,989		10,185		14,653	17,392	19,180	18,668	18,888	19,309
Korea, Republic of	25,187	31,748	37,902	39,575	40,957	42,487	---	---		11,204		11,813		12,691		13,794		---	---	10,268	10,532	10,622	11,290
Latvia	13,878	17,659	24,964	26,713	28,666	30,814	3,033	4,757		6,882		6,761		6,763		7,076		4,270	5,858	10,222	7,601	8,342	10,309
Lithuania	14,511	20,112	28,834	30,925	33,762	36,346	---	4,541		5,312		5,880		6,083		6,550		4,502	7,172	9,695	7,852	8,412	9,905
Luxembourg	68,141	85,587	103,760	110,261	112,188	116,481	---	---		20,706		20,226		21,148		23,376		---	---	49,516	49,523	51,851	47,694
Mexico	12,540	15,258	18,455	19,516	19,947	20,519	2,007	2,544		3,075		3,149		2,789		2,918		6,225	8,128	8,379	7,555	6,555	7,907
Netherlands	37,625	45,079	50,288	52,289	55,090	57,900	7,760	9,898		11,023		11,327		11,876		12,658		15,411	17,614	19,397	19,874	20,349	20,898
New Zealand	24,603	30,117	35,987	38,137	40,159	42,143	---	---		9,176		9,676		10,093		9,934		---	---	15,019	15,231	16,320	17,923
Norway	36,401	46,422	50,710	51,191	54,267	57,577	9,793	12,943		14,066		14,043		15,110		15,972		---	18,870	20,552	22,448	23,852	25,428
Poland	13,898	20,829	26,535	27,985	29,715	31,614	3,181	5,584		6,786		7,029		7,573	⁹	8,344		4,774	7,219	9,775	9,156	10,012	11,192
Portugal	22,725	27,283	29,661	31,608	33,045	34,932	5,620	---		8,575		9,108		9,823		10,013		9,636	10,268	11,823	11,214	11,774	11,779
Slovak Republic	16,595	25,030	29,928	29,659	30,098	31,562	2,770	5,282		6,763		6,433		6,533		7,025		5,846	7,197	15,912	10,980	11,405	12,113
Slovenia	23,849	27,845	31,632	33,943	36,516	38,952	7,072	8,675		8,445		8,725		9,182		9,584		---	8,989	10,256	11,488	12,730	14,060
Spain	27,601	31,717	34,929	37,314	39,580	40,780	6,329	8,370		8,228		8,766		9,155		9,336		9,924	13,202	12,664	12,867	13,430	13,800
Sweden	34,244	42,256	49,103	50,430	51,948	53,553	7,672	10,105		11,582		12,225		12,626		13,144		15,550	20,652	24,679	24,841	25,200	26,147
Switzerland	41,467	54,810	66,020	68,105	69,104	71,706	---	---		15,151	⁶	11,854	⁶	12,058	⁶	---		---	---	---	---	---	---
Turkey	11,911	17,360	25,856	26,696	28,193	28,263	---	---		4,575		5,098		4,558		4,707		---	---	10,409	10,592	9,631	10,008
United Kingdom	31,260	35,489	41,630	42,880	44,529	45,957	7,698	9,430		11,106		11,222		11,555		12,245		---	---	26,506	26,189	28,043	29,911
United States	42,654	47,520	55,724	57,217	58,865	61,408	9,775	11,809		12,595		13,022		13,511		14,009		23,637	25,681	30,001	31,307	33,063	34,036
	Constant 2020 dollars
OECD average²	$37,217	$39,210	$42,985	$44,646	$45,728	$46,850	$8,176	$9,480		$10,057		$10,180		$10,403		$10,761		$13,260	$14,906	$16,861	$17,305	$17,228	$17,581
Australia³	47,922	49,586	50,465	51,943	51,868	52,923	9,642	12,462		11,586		11,193		11,676		12,529		19,829	19,705	21,893	17,227	21,172	21,157
Austria	45,889	50,333	54,003	56,444	56,890	58,743	---	---		15,068		15,984		15,755		15,702		---	---	18,989	19,962	19,922	21,052
Belgium	43,297	47,038	50,177	51,758	52,597	53,820	9,895	12,348		12,916		13,283		13,489		13,613		16,033	18,241	18,973	19,818	20,368	20,919
Canada⁴	44,403	45,161	48,419	48,935	48,694	50,027	---	11,698	⁵	11,435	⁵	11,942	⁵	11,876	⁵	12,171	⁵	---	---	23,601	26,084	25,745	25,152
Chile	20,566	24,643	25,950	25,829	26,417	26,149	3,475	4,457		4,892		5,598		6,367		6,718		9,691	9,732	7,728	10,355	10,212	9,313
Colombia⁴	15,294	15,702	16,382	16,065	15,867	16,162	---	---		3,352		3,337		3,357		3,417		---	---	5,759	7,024	6,103	3,038
Costa Rica	21,059	17,284	18,851	20,425	21,411	21,583	---	---		---		---		---		---		---	---	---	---	---	16,940	⁶
Czech Republic	30,457	33,391	37,909	40,085	42,098	43,657	5,596	6,930		7,960		7,894		8,694		9,768		9,080	9,565	12,253	11,319	12,399	17,132
Denmark	42,046	47,695	50,742	53,617	56,467	58,138	11,008	13,030		---		10,842		11,309		11,688		18,303	21,684	---	19,581	18,823	19,917
Estonia	25,479	26,486	32,110	34,391	35,706	37,070	5,698	7,562		7,290		7,610		7,846		8,620		5,900	8,215	14,078	14,206	15,319	17,750
Finland	39,587	43,921	44,001	46,367	48,719	50,382	8,198	9,952		10,399		10,580		10,376		10,801		15,232	19,362	18,246	18,475	18,155	18,410
France	36,363	39,739	42,761	44,801	46,024	47,195	8,848	10,090		10,431		10,849		11,190		11,379		13,338	16,759	17,016	17,225	17,456	17,697
Germany	39,548	45,039	50,375	53,256	54,926	56,032	8,675	10,455		11,532		12,165		12,577		13,025		16,018	19,631	18,054	18,742	19,067	19,702
Greece⁴	30,181	28,123	26,696	27,674	28,537	29,385	6,318	---		6,307		6,554		6,427		6,874		7,457	---	4,099	---	3,288	3,468
Hungary	27,900	27,295	30,216	31,372	32,359	33,986	---	---		6,752		7,906		7,354		7,637		---	---	9,947	12,935	13,969	14,668
Iceland	74,040	52,820	55,395	59,213	60,540	61,598	17,728	11,682		12,641		13,132		14,418		15,461		19,119	11,866	14,291	16,323	17,161	16,608
Ireland⁷	46,132	46,018	70,133	72,825	79,600	85,538	7,392	10,357		8,631		9,016		9,279		9,981		12,070	---	16,778	17,031	16,907	17,255
Israel	30,279	31,010	35,759	38,305	39,266	40,452	5,604	6,115		---		8,536		9,128		9,596		12,179	11,101	10,733	11,870	11,634	12,367
Italy	36,450	38,511	37,920	41,070	42,253	43,289	8,625	9,025		9,295		9,156		10,148		11,255		8,833	11,116	11,631	12,147	12,363	12,363
Japan⁸	33,105	36,304	40,112	40,514	40,990	41,839	7,846	9,367		10,281		10,057		10,132		10,230		15,388	18,342	19,525	19,028	19,160	19,395
Korea, Republic of	33,847	36,757	39,956	41,318	41,945	42,879	---	---		11,811		12,333		12,997		13,922		---	---	10,824	10,996	10,878	11,394
Latvia	22,529	20,681	27,185	29,049	30,285	31,750	4,924	5,571		7,494		7,353		7,145		7,290		6,932	6,860	11,132	8,266	8,814	10,622
Lithuania	22,386	24,095	32,097	34,115	35,908	37,641	---	5,440		5,914		6,486		6,469		6,783		6,945	8,592	10,792	8,662	8,947	10,258
Luxembourg	88,151	99,308	110,251	116,819	116,838	119,483	---	---		22,001		21,429		22,024		23,979		---	---	52,614	52,469	54,000	48,923
Mexico	22,797	22,330	22,618	23,263	22,422	21,988	3,648	3,723		3,768		3,753		3,135		3,126		11,317	11,896	10,269	9,005	7,368	8,473
Netherlands	47,654	52,915	54,065	56,039	58,235	60,181	9,829	11,619		11,851		12,139		12,554		13,157		19,518	20,676	20,853	21,299	21,511	21,722
New Zealand	32,856	34,996	38,739	40,790	42,173	43,560	---	---		9,878		10,349		10,599		10,268		---	---	16,167	16,291	17,138	18,526
Norway	49,628	56,550	56,888	55,459	57,709	59,582	13,352	15,767		15,779		15,214		16,068		16,528		---	22,987	23,056	24,320	25,365	26,313
Poland	18,870	24,570	28,948	30,735	31,971	33,408	4,318	6,587		7,404		7,720		8,148	⁹	8,818		6,482	8,516	10,665	10,055	10,772	11,827
Portugal	27,392	30,178	30,649	32,464	33,482	35,046	6,775	---		8,861		9,354		9,953		10,045		11,615	11,358	12,217	11,518	11,929	11,818
Slovak Republic	22,479	29,429	32,360	32,237	32,290	33,031	3,751	6,210		7,313		6,992		7,009		7,352		7,918	8,462	17,205	11,934	12,235	12,677
Slovenia	30,488	30,905	33,137	35,578	37,736	39,565	9,041	9,628		8,847		9,145		9,489		9,734		---	9,977	10,744	12,041	13,155	14,282
Spain	34,315	35,080	36,271	38,826	40,394	40,933	7,868	9,257		8,544		9,122		9,343		9,371		12,338	14,602	13,150	13,388	13,707	13,852
Sweden	41,024	46,929	52,641	53,537	54,176	54,780	9,191	11,222		12,416		12,978		13,168		13,445		18,628	22,936	26,457	26,372	26,281	26,746
Switzerland	42,817	54,165	66,459	68,857	69,496	71,443	---	---		15,251	⁶	11,985	⁶	12,126	⁶	---		---	---	---	---	---	---
Turkey	47,608	45,696	46,594	44,637	42,414	36,550	---	---		8,244		8,524		6,857		6,087		---	---	18,757	17,711	14,489	12,942
United Kingdom	42,874	42,894	45,335	46,234	46,808	47,214	10,557	11,398		12,095		12,100		12,147		12,580		---	---	28,865	28,237	29,477	30,730
United States	56,527	56,402	60,848	61,700	62,153	63,293	12,955	14,016		13,753		14,043		14,266		14,439		31,325	30,481	32,760	33,760	34,910	35,080

---Not available.

¹ Includes both government and private expenditures. Includes expenditures on both public and private institutions unless otherwise noted.

² Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, to which each country reporting data contributes equally. The average includes all current OECD countries for which a given year's data are available, even if they were not members of OECD in that year.

³ Due to revised data sources and methodology, expenditure data for 2017 and 2018 cannot be compared to earlier years of data. Expenditure data for 2018 also are not comparable to expenditure data for 2017.

⁴ Elementary and secondary education expenditures exclude postsecondary nondegree programs. Postsecondary nondegree figures are treated as negligible.

⁵ Elementary and secondary education expenditures include preprimary education (for children ages 3 and older).

⁶ Includes public institutions only.

⁷ Methodology has been revised due to a large GDP increase in 2015, resulting in a break in trend expenditure data for years prior to 2015.

⁸ Postsecondary nondegree programs included in both secondary and postsecondary programs.

⁹ Due to educational structural reform in school year 2017-18, ISCED 1 to 3 data for 2017 are not comparable to earlier years of data.

NOTE: All education expenditure data in this table were calculated using International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011. Expenditures for ISCED level 4 (postsecondary nondegree programs) are included in elementary and secondary education unless otherwise noted. Data adjusted to U.S. dollars by the OECD using the purchasing power parity (PPP) index. Constant dollars based on national Consumer Price Indexes, available on the OECD database cited in the SOURCE note below. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. This table includes only data that had been validated for consistency and accuracy by OECD and the relevant country as of October 7, 2021.

SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Online Education Database, retrieved October 7, 2021, from https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx. (This table was prepared October 2021.)

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