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| 2021 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 603.90. | Employment to population ratios of 25- to 64-year-olds, by sex, highest level of educational attainment, and country: 2020 |
| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Total population, 25 to 64 years old | Male | Female | |||||||||||||||||||||
| All levels of education | Less than high school completion | High school completion | Associate's or higher degree | All levels of education | Less than high school completion | High school completion | Associate's or higher degree | All levels of education | Less than high school completion | High school completion | Associate's or higher degree | |||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | ||||||||||||
| OECD average1 | 75.7 | (0.04) | 57.6 | (0.11) | 74.7 | (0.07) | 84.4 | (0.06) | 82.2 | (0.05) | 67.8 | (0.16) | 81.7 | (0.08) | 88.7 | (0.08) | 69.2 | (0.06) | 46.7 | (0.17) | 66.9 | (0.10) | 80.6 | (0.08) |
| Australia | 75.0 | (0.27) | 56.5 | (0.75) | 74.5 | (0.47) | 81.5 | (0.35) | 81.1 | (0.36) | 65.8 | (1.04) | 81.4 | (0.56) | 86.4 | (0.48) | 69.2 | (0.41) | 47.6 | (1.05) | 65.5 | (0.77) | 77.6 | (0.50) |
| Austria | 76.5 | (0.14) | 53.9 | (0.43) | 76.4 | (0.19) | 86.0 | (0.19) | 80.8 | (0.18) | 60.6 | (0.67) | 80.1 | (0.24) | 88.9 | (0.24) | 72.1 | (0.20) | 49.3 | (0.55) | 72.3 | (0.28) | 83.1 | (0.30) |
| Belgium | 73.5 | (0.16) | 46.9 | (0.38) | 73.4 | (0.26) | 86.2 | (0.19) | 77.8 | (0.21) | 55.8 | (0.53) | 79.4 | (0.32) | 88.6 | (0.27) | 69.2 | (0.23) | 36.6 | (0.53) | 66.4 | (0.40) | 84.2 | (0.27) |
| Canada | 74.5 | (0.16) | 54.0 | (0.59) | 70.2 | (0.28) | 79.5 | (0.19) | 78.7 | (0.19) | 62.0 | (0.71) | 75.8 | (0.32) | 83.5 | (0.25) | 70.4 | (0.22) | 42.8 | (0.89) | 62.4 | (0.42) | 76.3 | (0.25) |
| Chile2 | 72.0 | (0.14) | 62.4 | (0.24) | 71.9 | (0.21) | 84.5 | (0.23) | 85.7 | (0.15) | 82.1 | (0.28) | 85.4 | (0.24) | 90.9 | (0.27) | 60.1 | (0.20) | 45.2 | (0.35) | 59.9 | (0.31) | 79.1 | (0.35) |
Colombia |
66.2 | (0.08) | 61.8 | (0.14) | 65.6 | (0.14) | 74.2 | (0.14) | 81.4 | (0.10) | 81.8 | (0.17) | 80.5 | (0.17) | 82.3 | (0.19) | 51.7 | (0.12) | 40.6 | (0.20) | 51.4 | (0.21) | 68.0 | (0.20) |
| Costa Rica | 63.4 | (0.45) | 57.3 | (0.58) | 64.3 | (1.10) | 76.8 | (0.91) | 79.1 | (0.56) | 77.3 | (0.71) | 81.4 | (1.33) | 81.7 | (1.29) | 47.8 | (0.64) | 36.1 | (0.79) | 48.1 | (1.54) | 72.4 | (1.26) |
| Czech Republic | 82.5 | (0.12) | 57.0 | (0.64) | 83.5 | (0.14) | 85.6 | (0.24) | 89.8 | (0.14) | 67.0 | (0.95) | 90.0 | (0.16) | 94.7 | (0.23) | 74.8 | (0.19) | 48.8 | (0.83) | 76.2 | (0.23) | 77.9 | (0.38) |
| Denmark | 80.4 | (0.18) | 60.7 | (0.55) | 82.1 | (0.27) | 87.6 | (0.22) | 84.2 | (0.24) | 69.5 | (0.71) | 85.8 | (0.33) | 90.7 | (0.31) | 76.5 | (0.26) | 49.9 | (0.83) | 77.5 | (0.42) | 85.2 | (0.32) |
| Estonia | 80.3 | (0.31) | 62.5 | (1.21) | 79.4 | (0.45) | 85.2 | (0.42) | 83.2 | (0.42) | 68.4 | (1.44) | 83.2 | (0.56) | 89.0 | (0.62) | 77.3 | (0.45) | 50.6 | (2.10) | 74.2 | (0.73) | 82.9 | (0.57) |
Finland |
78.9 | (0.17) | 54.1 | (0.69) | 75.3 | (0.27) | 86.8 | (0.20) | 80.4 | (0.23) | 59.2 | (0.85) | 78.0 | (0.35) | 89.1 | (0.29) | 77.4 | (0.25) | 44.9 | (1.15) | 71.6 | (0.43) | 85.1 | (0.28) |
| France | 73.9 | (0.10) | 53.3 | (0.25) | 72.5 | (0.16) | 85.0 | (0.14) | 77.7 | (0.14) | 61.5 | (0.36) | 76.5 | (0.21) | 87.5 | (0.19) | 70.3 | (0.15) | 45.4 | (0.35) | 68.1 | (0.24) | 83.0 | (0.19) |
| Germany | 81.5 | (0.07) | 62.6 | (0.23) | 82.2 | (0.09) | 88.7 | (0.10) | 84.8 | (0.09) | 70.3 | (0.32) | 84.6 | (0.12) | 90.9 | (0.12) | 78.1 | (0.10) | 55.4 | (0.32) | 79.8 | (0.13) | 86.1 | (0.15) |
| Greece | 64.0 | (0.15) | 51.8 | (0.29) | 62.2 | (0.24) | 75.4 | (0.26) | 74.3 | (0.20) | 66.1 | (0.39) | 74.4 | (0.31) | 80.9 | (0.35) | 54.0 | (0.22) | 36.0 | (0.39) | 49.9 | (0.34) | 70.6 | (0.38) |
| Hungary | 77.7 | (0.13) | 55.6 | (0.36) | 79.3 | (0.16) | 85.9 | (0.25) | 86.0 | (0.16) | 66.5 | (0.51) | 87.0 | (0.19) | 94.2 | (0.26) | 69.5 | (0.20) | 46.7 | (0.48) | 70.1 | (0.27) | 79.9 | (0.36) |
Iceland |
81.3 | (0.41) | 70.4 | (1.04) | 81.4 | (0.70) | 87.6 | (0.52) | 84.7 | (0.54) | 76.2 | (1.35) | 86.2 | (0.83) | 89.5 | (0.75) | 77.6 | (0.61) | 63.1 | (1.58) | 74.7 | (1.20) | 86.1 | (0.71) |
| Ireland | 75.2 | (0.18) | 52.0 | (0.52) | 71.7 | (0.31) | 84.5 | (0.21) | 82.2 | (0.23) | 63.2 | (0.66) | 82.0 | (0.38) | 89.3 | (0.27) | 68.6 | (0.26) | 36.6 | (0.78) | 61.3 | (0.47) | 80.5 | (0.31) |
| Israel | 76.2 | (0.09) | 48.8 | (0.20) | 70.7 | (0.17) | 86.8 | (0.12) | 79.4 | (0.12) | 58.4 | (0.26) | 74.8 | (0.21) | 89.6 | (0.16) | 73.1 | (0.14) | 37.9 | (0.30) | 65.7 | (0.28) | 84.6 | (0.17) |
| Italy | 65.6 | (0.09) | 51.7 | (0.16) | 70.5 | (0.13) | 80.8 | (0.17) | 76.1 | (0.12) | 66.9 | (0.21) | 80.5 | (0.17) | 86.0 | (0.24) | 55.2 | (0.13) | 34.8 | (0.22) | 60.3 | (0.20) | 76.9 | (0.24) |
| Japan3,4 | 83.8 | (---) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 86.0 | (---) | 92.0 | (---) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 94.6 | (---) | 75.5 | (---) | --- | (†) | --- | (†) | 77.7 | (---) |
Korea, Republic of |
72.8 | (---) | 61.4 | (---) | 70.4 | (---) | 77.0 | (---) | 83.3 | (---) | 70.3 | (---) | 80.8 | (---) | 87.2 | (---) | 61.9 | (---) | 55.4 | (---) | 59.6 | (---) | 65.4 | (---) |
| Latvia | 78.6 | (0.29) | 64.8 | (1.01) | 75.5 | (0.41) | 86.8 | (0.41) | 80.3 | (0.42) | 70.0 | (1.23) | 78.7 | (0.56) | 88.8 | (0.67) | 77.1 | (0.41) | 54.6 | (1.69) | 72.0 | (0.62) | 85.6 | (0.52) |
| Lithuania | 79.4 | (0.24) | 54.5 | (1.19) | 73.2 | (0.36) | 89.9 | (0.27) | 80.2 | (0.35) | 55.8 | (1.54) | 77.2 | (0.48) | 90.3 | (0.44) | 78.5 | (0.32) | 51.8 | (1.88) | 68.4 | (0.52) | 89.6 | (0.34) |
| Luxembourg | 76.3 | (0.57) | 60.5 | (1.28) | 74.9 | (1.17) | 85.0 | (0.69) | 80.1 | (0.76) | 67.1 | (1.78) | 77.0 | (1.55) | 88.2 | (0.89) | 72.4 | (0.84) | 53.8 | (1.80) | 72.3 | (1.77) | 81.7 | (1.03) |
| Mexico | 66.4 | (0.11) | 62.6 | (0.16) | 67.7 | (0.23) | 76.3 | (0.21) | 84.9 | (0.12) | 85.1 | (0.17) | 84.9 | (0.26) | 84.4 | (0.26) | 50.0 | (0.16) | 43.0 | (0.22) | 52.6 | (0.34) | 68.8 | (0.32) |
Netherlands |
81.7 | (0.08) | 63.1 | (0.25) | 82.2 | (0.13) | 89.5 | (0.09) | 86.7 | (0.10) | 73.6 | (0.33) | 87.1 | (0.16) | 92.1 | (0.12) | 76.7 | (0.12) | 52.7 | (0.35) | 77.0 | (0.20) | 86.9 | (0.15) |
| New Zealand | 82.1 | (0.27) | 70.8 | (0.72) | 81.8 | (0.43) | 87.9 | (0.37) | 88.1 | (0.34) | 78.2 | (0.93) | 89.2 | (0.49) | 92.1 | (0.47) | 76.4 | (0.41) | 62.8 | (1.06) | 73.8 | (0.69) | 84.4 | (0.55) |
| Norway | 80.6 | (0.17) | 60.7 | (0.50) | 79.5 | (0.28) | 89.2 | (0.19) | 83.1 | (0.22) | 67.0 | (0.66) | 83.4 | (0.34) | 90.1 | (0.28) | 77.9 | (0.25) | 53.5 | (0.74) | 74.0 | (0.46) | 88.4 | (0.26) |
| Poland | 75.7 | (0.12) | 46.9 | (0.53) | 71.5 | (0.16) | 89.1 | (0.14) | 83.7 | (0.15) | 60.1 | (0.74) | 82.2 | (0.19) | 93.5 | (0.18) | 67.7 | (0.17) | 32.4 | (0.69) | 58.8 | (0.25) | 86.0 | (0.20) |
| Portugal | 78.1 | (0.17) | 69.7 | (0.26) | 81.7 | (0.31) | 87.9 | (0.27) | 81.4 | (0.23) | 76.9 | (0.34) | 84.2 | (0.42) | 87.4 | (0.45) | 75.1 | (0.24) | 62.0 | (0.39) | 79.2 | (0.45) | 88.3 | (0.34) |
Slovak Republic |
75.5 | (0.41) | 36.5 | (1.61) | 77.0 | (0.48) | 82.7 | (0.72) | 81.3 | (0.53) | 43.5 | (2.55) | 82.4 | (0.61) | 89.6 | (0.90) | 69.5 | (0.61) | 30.5 | (2.03) | 70.5 | (0.76) | 77.9 | (1.04) |
| Slovenia | 78.3 | (0.23) | 48.3 | (0.86) | 75.7 | (0.32) | 90.4 | (0.27) | 81.3 | (0.31) | 56.2 | (1.30) | 80.1 | (0.40) | 91.6 | (0.40) | 75.0 | (0.34) | 41.1 | (1.13) | 69.4 | (0.52) | 89.5 | (0.37) |
| Spain | 68.7 | (0.08) | 56.5 | (0.14) | 68.9 | (0.17) | 79.9 | (0.11) | 74.8 | (0.11) | 66.4 | (0.19) | 75.6 | (0.23) | 83.4 | (0.16) | 62.6 | (0.12) | 44.9 | (0.21) | 62.3 | (0.25) | 77.0 | (0.16) |
| Sweden | 83.4 | (0.13) | 63.2 | (0.44) | 85.1 | (0.20) | 89.3 | (0.16) | 86.0 | (0.17) | 72.2 | (0.55) | 87.7 | (0.24) | 90.3 | (0.24) | 80.8 | (0.19) | 52.3 | (0.68) | 81.3 | (0.33) | 88.5 | (0.22) |
| Switzerland | 83.4 | (0.13) | 69.1 | (0.52) | 81.2 | (0.21) | 88.9 | (0.16) | 88.1 | (0.16) | 77.9 | (0.72) | 85.3 | (0.29) | 92.5 | (0.18) | 78.7 | (0.20) | 61.7 | (0.72) | 77.4 | (0.30) | 84.7 | (0.27) |
Turkey4 |
57.2 | (---) | 50.1 | (---) | 60.0 | (---) | 73.6 | (---) | 76.0 | (---) | 71.9 | (---) | 78.9 | (---) | 83.0 | (---) | 36.5 | (---) | 28.9 | (---) | 32.8 | (---) | 62.2 | (---) |
| United Kingdom5 | 80.4 | (0.21) | 64.5 | (0.58) | 80.4 | (0.36) | 86.3 | (0.26) | 84.7 | (0.27) | 72.5 | (0.77) | 84.7 | (0.47) | 89.8 | (0.34) | 76.3 | (0.30) | 55.9 | (0.84) | 75.8 | (0.54) | 83.4 | (0.37) |
| United States | 74.3 | (0.15) | 55.1 | (0.60) | 69.0 | (0.25) | 81.9 | (0.19) | 79.6 | (0.21) | 66.3 | (0.80) | 75.0 | (0.33) | 86.6 | (0.25) | 69.2 | (0.23) | 42.1 | (0.86) | 62.5 | (0.38) | 77.9 | (0.28) |
Other reporting countries |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Argentina6 | 73.1 | (0.27) | 64.3 | (0.47) | 74.2 | (0.49) | 81.1 | (0.40) | 86.3 | (0.30) | 81.7 | (0.53) | 90.5 | (0.47) | 88.2 | (0.52) | 61.3 | (0.40) | 45.6 | (0.71) | 58.9 | (0.77) | 76.2 | (0.57) |
| Brazil6 | 62.8 | (0.11) | 52.1 | (0.17) | 66.3 | (0.19) | 79.1 | (0.22) | 74.5 | (0.15) | 67.0 | (0.22) | 78.7 | (0.24) | 86.0 | (0.30) | 52.4 | (0.16) | 36.6 | (0.23) | 55.6 | (0.27) | 74.7 | (0.30) |
| Indonesia | 74.7 | (---) | 73.5 | (---) | 73.8 | (---) | 82.3 | (---) | 90.0 | (---) | 90.6 | (---) | 89.3 | (---) | 89.2 | (---) | 59.3 | (---) | 58.0 | (---) | 53.7 | (---) | 75.8 | (---) |
| Russia6 | 78.0 | (0.18) | 54.0 | (1.01) | 73.5 | (0.31) | 83.2 | (0.22) | 84.4 | (0.23) | 62.0 | (1.32) | 81.4 | (0.37) | 89.7 | (0.28) | 72.4 | (0.27) | 44.1 | (1.51) | 63.6 | (0.51) | 78.6 | (0.31) |
| Saudi Arabia7 | 65.6 | (---) | 61.9 | (---) | 64.5 | (---) | 74.0 | (---) | 91.7 | (---) | 91.0 | (---) | 90.9 | (---) | 93.9 | (---) | 24.0 | (---) | 20.4 | (---) | 16.3 | (---) | 41.2 | (---) |
| South Africa | 49.2 | (0.16) | 40.1 | (0.21) | 52.6 | (0.30) | 72.7 | (0.38) | 55.9 | (0.24) | 47.7 | (0.33) | 59.3 | (0.42) | 77.5 | (0.54) | 42.8 | (0.22) | 32.7 | (0.27) | 45.7 | (0.41) | 68.6 | (0.51) |
| ---Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, to which each country reporting data contributes equally. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 Data are for 2017 instead of 2020. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Associate's or higher degree data include some persons (less than 5 percent of the total) whose highest level of education was high school completion or a postsecondary program below the associate's degree level. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Data are for 2019 instead of 2020. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 High school completion data include some persons (17 percent of the total in 2015, the latest year for which data were available for reference purposes) who have completed a sufficient volume and standard of programs, any one of which individually would be classified as a program that only partially completes the high school (or upper secondary) level of education. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 Data are for 2018 instead of 2020. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 Data are for 2016 instead of 2020. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: All data in this table were calculated using International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011. High school completion refers to completion of ISCED 2011 level 3 (upper secondary education); programs classified under ISCED 2011 as only partially completing level 3 are not included in the high school completion data except where otherwise noted. In this table, persons completing ISCED 2011 level 4 are also considered to have high school completion as their highest level of educational attainment. ISCED level 4 typically corresponds to postsecondary nondegree programs below the associate’s degree level in the United States. Associate’s or higher degrees include ISCED 2011 level 5 (corresponding to the associate’s degree in the United States), level 6 (bachelor’s or equivalent degree), level 7 (master’s or equivalent degree), and level 8 (doctoral or equivalent degree). For each country, the employment to population ratio of 25- to 64-year-olds is the number of persons in this age group who are employed as a percentage of the total civilian population in this age group. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Online Education Database, retrieved September 16, 2021, from https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx. (This table was prepared September 2021.) |
