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| 2021 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 402.10. | Federal obligations for research, development, and R&D plant, by category of obligation, performer, and field of science and engineering: Fiscal years 2010 through 2021 |
| [In millions] | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual | Preliminary | ||||||||||||
| Category of obligation, performer, and field of science and engineering1 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 20162 | 20172 | 20182 | 20192 | 20202 | 20212 | Percent change, 2020 to 2021 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| Current dollars | |||||||||||||
| Total obligations for research, development, and |
$146,967.8 | $139,661.5 | $140,635.8 | $127,291.1 | $132,496.3 | $131,398.2 | $117,665.7 | $121,626.6 | $133,277.5 | $146,800.7 | $173,552.9 | $185,408.1 | 6.8 |
| Research and development obligations | 140,354.5 | 135,490.8 | 138,485.1 | 125,386.0 | 130,278.7 | 128,573.2 | 115,224.7 | 118,974.8 | 129,424.8 | 142,424.2 | 167,402.8 | 179,465.2 | 7.2 |
| Performer | |||||||||||||
| Federal intramural4 | 30,911.8 | 35,144.7 | 34,367.8 | 32,963.1 | 34,736.1 | 34,925.1 | 32,019.6 | 30,990.2 | 35,953.4 | 39,312.8 | 51,471.7 | 64,209.1 | 24.7 |
| Industrial firms | 59,867.8 | 53,550.2 | 58,910.1 | 49,538.1 | 50,236.5 | 47,455.2 | 35,660.4 | 37,875.4 | 39,753.7 | 44,446.0 | 51,428.0 | 52,019.1 | 1.1 |
| Federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) administered by industrial firms |
3,946.2 | 4,424.5 | 3,611.7 | 3,796.1 | 4,207.5 | 3,935.8 | 4,119.4 | 4,075.8 | 4,062.4 | 6,077.6 | 4,118.7 | 4,564.1 | 10.8 |
| Universities and colleges | 31,192.3 | 27,680.3 | 27,509.5 | 25,772.0 | 27,429.3 | 27,414.7 | 28,193.3 | 28,963.2 | 31,534.1 | 34,000.5 | 38,540.9 | 37,749.6 | -2.1 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 3,370.5 | 3,437.8 | 3,694.2 | 3,711.7 | 3,800.8 | 3,911.7 | 4,034.1 | 4,445.3 | 4,895.8 | 5,351.9 | 5,355.2 | 5,236.7 | -2.2 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 7,245.3 | 6,636.6 | 6,347.0 | 5,915.0 | 6,134.9 | 6,136.2 | 6,580.7 | 8,140.6 | 8,450.8 | 8,450.2 | 10,698.9 | 10,469.1 | -2.1 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 2,784.1 | 2,923.7 | 2,752.2 | 2,571.9 | 2,557.1 | 3,271.4 | 3,250.4 | 3,173.0 | 3,497.3 | 3,261.5 | 3,676.0 | 3,792.0 | 3.2 |
| State and local governments | 426.7 | 716.2 | 453.2 | 385.6 | 446.4 | 487.0 | 542.5 | 553.4 | 561.9 | 586.5 | 720.1 | 669.5 | -7.0 |
| Foreign | 609.9 | 976.8 | 839.5 | 732.4 | 730.1 | 1,036.0 | 824.3 | 757.9 | 715.4 | 937.2 | 1,393.3 | 755.9 | -45.7 |
Research obligations |
63,728.0 | 58,023.7 | 61,946.9 | 59,198.2 | 62,908.8 | 63,645.3 | 66,873.6 | 69,871.3 | 74,587.6 | 81,117.8 | 85,304.8 | 85,155.5 | -0.2 |
| Performer | |||||||||||||
| Federal intramural4 | 13,280.9 | 12,663.4 | 14,295.0 | 13,416.8 | 14,305.6 | 15,006.5 | 15,931.0 | 15,904.7 | 17,817.5 | 18,298.2 | 19,572.3 | 20,768.8 | 6.1 |
| Industrial firms | 6,625.5 | 6,037.4 | 7,794.0 | 7,365.5 | 8,057.5 | 8,110.4 | 8,370.3 | 8,963.2 | 8,768.1 | 10,738.9 | 10,028.4 | 9,988.4 | -0.4 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 2,960.1 | 2,984.4 | 2,678.7 | 2,713.8 | 3,217.5 | 3,098.0 | 3,533.6 | 3,559.6 | 3,453.6 | 3,666.7 | 3,512.5 | 3,579.9 | 1.9 |
| Universities and colleges | 29,607.8 | 26,253.2 | 26,289.9 | 24,771.7 | 26,110.1 | 25,962.1 | 26,857.6 | 27,626.1 | 30,088.6 | 32,381.0 | 35,473.7 | 34,328.0 | -3.2 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 2,151.6 | 2,224.4 | 2,856.9 | 3,089.7 | 3,090.9 | 3,226.8 | 3,224.1 | 3,501.1 | 3,704.6 | 4,882.4 | 3,863.2 | 3,908.2 | 1.2 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 6,687.0 | 5,760.8 | 5,812.9 | 5,445.5 | 5,648.4 | 5,710.6 | 6,169.2 | 7,576.2 | 7,614.5 | 7,891.5 | 9,190.7 | 8,871.1 | -3.5 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 1,633.6 | 1,447.7 | 1,457.0 | 1,686.8 | 1,725.7 | 1,616.9 | 1,891.8 | 1,915.0 | 2,299.8 | 2,270.9 | 2,516.4 | 2,602.4 | 3.4 |
| State and local governments | 352.8 | 282.2 | 352.2 | 313.5 | 394.7 | 420.3 | 420.2 | 453.1 | 430.2 | 500.4 | 644.7 | 605.9 | -6.0 |
| Foreign | 428.6 | 370.2 | 410.3 | 394.8 | 358.5 | 493.7 | 475.8 | 372.3 | 410.7 | 487.7 | 502.9 | 502.7 | # |
| Field | |||||||||||||
| Engineering | 11,081.2 | 10,057.2 | 11,403.4 | 10,948.2 | 11,887.5 | 11,955.6 | 12,798.8 | 13,207.4 | 13,758.6 | 15,279.3 | 13,222.0 | 14,238.1 | 7.7 |
| Environmental sciences | 3,338.9 | 3,207.2 | 3,884.3 | 4,041.0 | 4,365.8 | 4,413.7 | 4,427.9 | 4,469.6 | 4,567.6 | 5,074.7 | 5,039.5 | 4,631.7 | -8.1 |
| Life sciences | 33,909.1 | 29,408.6 | 30,966.7 | 29,328.4 | 30,668.2 | 30,473.0 | 32,045.4 | 34,089.6 | 36,994.4 | 38,303.7 | 42,524.8 | 42,013.9 | -1.2 |
| Computer sciences and mathematics | 3,411.8 | 3,374.3 | 3,527.5 | 3,427.0 | 3,883.2 | 3,862.7 | 4,222.8 | 3,894.2 | 4,206.9 | 4,330.0 | 5,912.4 | 6,063.3 | 2.6 |
| Physical sciences | 5,870.8 | 5,426.6 | 6,407.5 | 6,281.9 | 6,483.1 | 6,510.3 | 6,669.8 | 6,581.5 | 7,881.4 | 9,816.1 | 8,419.9 | 8,775.4 | 4.2 |
| Psychology | 2,155.6 | 1,886.8 | 2,086.6 | 1,935.2 | 1,968.0 | 1,994.9 | 2,021.4 | 2,081.2 | 2,326.9 | 2,753.6 | 3,275.8 | 3,265.0 | -0.3 |
| Social sciences | 1,197.3 | 1,262.4 | 1,124.5 | 1,237.3 | 1,435.1 | 1,136.3 | 1,226.7 | 1,027.2 | 1,039.4 | 1,155.7 | 1,137.4 | 1,266.3 | 11.3 |
| Other sciences | 2,763.2 | 3,400.5 | 2,546.3 | 1,999.3 | 2,217.9 | 3,298.8 | 3,460.8 | 4,520.6 | 3,812.4 | 4,404.8 | 5,772.9 | 4,901.8 | -15.1 |
Development obligations2 |
76,626.5 | 77,467.1 | 76,538.3 | 66,187.8 | 67,369.9 | 64,927.8 | 48,351.1 | 49,103.5 | 54,837.2 | 61,306.4 | 82,098.0 | 94,309.8 | 14.9 |
| Performer | |||||||||||||
| Federal intramural4 | 17,630.9 | 22,481.3 | 20,072.8 | 19,546.3 | 20,430.5 | 19,918.5 | 16,088.7 | 15,085.5 | 18,135.9 | 21,014.5 | 31,899.4 | 43,440.3 | 36.2 |
| Industrial firms | 53,242.3 | 47,512.8 | 51,116.1 | 42,172.6 | 42,179.1 | 39,344.9 | 27,290.0 | 28,912.2 | 30,985.5 | 33,707.1 | 41,399.5 | 42,030.6 | 1.5 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 986.1 | 1,440.1 | 933.0 | 1,082.3 | 990.0 | 837.8 | 585.8 | 516.2 | 608.8 | 2,410.9 | 606.2 | 984.2 | 62.3 |
| Universities and colleges | 1,584.5 | 1,427.1 | 1,219.6 | 1,000.2 | 1,319.2 | 1,452.6 | 1,335.7 | 1,337.1 | 1,445.5 | 1,619.5 | 3,067.3 | 3,421.6 | 11.6 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 1,218.9 | 1,213.3 | 837.3 | 622.1 | 709.9 | 684.9 | 810.0 | 944.1 | 1,191.2 | 469.5 | 1,492.0 | 1,328.6 | -11.0 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 558.3 | 875.8 | 534.1 | 469.5 | 486.5 | 425.6 | 411.5 | 564.4 | 836.3 | 558.7 | 1,508.2 | 1,598.0 | 6.0 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 1,150.4 | 1,476.0 | 1,295.2 | 885.1 | 831.5 | 1,654.5 | 1,358.5 | 1,258.0 | 1,197.6 | 990.6 | 1,159.5 | 1,189.6 | 2.6 |
| State and local governments | 73.9 | 434.0 | 101.0 | 72.1 | 51.6 | 66.7 | 122.4 | 100.3 | 131.7 | 86.1 | 75.4 | 63.6 | -15.6 |
| Foreign | 181.3 | 606.6 | 429.2 | 337.6 | 371.6 | 542.3 | 348.5 | 385.6 | 304.7 | 449.5 | 890.5 | 253.2 | -71.6 |
R&D plant obligations |
6,613.3 | 4,170.7 | 2,150.7 | 1,905.1 | 2,217.6 | 2,825.1 | 2,441.0 | 2,651.8 | 3,852.7 | 4,376.4 | 6,150.1 | 5,942.9 | -3.4 |
| Performer | |||||||||||||
| Federal intramural4 | 1,953.3 | 846.5 | 486.2 | 673.3 | 642.5 | 1,417.2 | 646.2 | 829.5 | 1,252.1 | 1,092.7 | 3,106.0 | 1,088.4 | -65.0 |
| Industrial firms | 1,751.2 | 2,030.0 | 460.5 | 231.5 | 323.3 | 275.6 | 344.9 | 333.8 | 310.9 | 354.0 | 677.5 | 2,720.4 | 301.5 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 167.7 | 118.3 | 51.8 | 79.5 | 91.2 | 101.7 | 71.3 | 82.4 | 214.2 | 428.3 | 222.1 | 30.5 | -86.3 |
| Universities and colleges | 1,532.6 | 286.0 | 372.5 | 236.6 | 325.8 | 292.2 | 284.1 | 350.0 | 410.4 | 514.0 | 350.6 | 343.4 | -2.1 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 491.4 | 242.9 | 248.1 | 246.2 | 308.5 | 376.3 | 591.2 | 585.7 | 761.5 | 850.0 | 867.8 | 809.8 | -6.7 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 245.9 | 141.3 | 200.8 | 184.1 | 212.8 | 151.3 | 289.8 | 157.8 | 180.2 | 169.8 | 125.3 | 151.4 | 20.8 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 465.3 | 491.0 | 323.1 | 249.8 | 309.8 | 210.6 | 202.4 | 287.7 | 709.4 | 956.2 | 793.7 | 792.6 | -0.1 |
| State and local governments | 2.0 | 0.2 | # | 0.2 | 0.3 | # | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 | 6.7 | 6.0 | -9.8 |
| Foreign | 4.0 | 14.6 | 7.6 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 0.1 | 10.5 | 25.0 | 14.1 | 10.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 20.8 |
| Constant fiscal year 2021 dollars5 | |||||||||||||
| Total obligations for research, development, and |
$177,214.1 | $164,507.0 | $162,490.6 | $145,013.0 | $148,569.7 | $146,556.1 | $130,421.1 | $132,573.0 | $142,029.9 | $153,732.9 | $178,131.8 | $185,408.1 | 4.1 |
| Research and development obligations | 169,239.8 | 159,594.3 | 160,005.7 | 142,842.6 | 146,083.1 | 143,405.2 | 127,715.5 | 129,682.5 | 137,924.2 | 149,149.8 | 171,819.5 | 179,465.2 | 4.4 |
| Performer | |||||||||||||
| Federal intramural4 | 37,273.5 | 41,396.9 | 39,708.6 | 37,552.3 | 38,950.0 | 38,954.0 | 35,490.6 | 33,779.3 | 38,314.5 | 41,169.2 | 52,829.7 | 64,209.1 | 21.5 |
| Industrial firms | 72,188.7 | 63,076.7 | 68,064.7 | 56,434.9 | 56,330.8 | 52,929.6 | 39,526.1 | 41,284.2 | 42,364.3 | 46,544.8 | 52,784.9 | 52,019.1 | -1.5 |
| Federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) administered by industrial firms |
4,758.3 | 5,211.6 | 4,173.0 | 4,324.6 | 4,717.9 | 4,389.8 | 4,566.0 | 4,442.6 | 4,329.2 | 6,364.6 | 4,227.4 | 4,564.1 | 8.0 |
| Universities and colleges | 37,611.8 | 32,604.6 | 31,784.5 | 29,360.1 | 30,756.8 | 30,577.2 | 31,249.6 | 31,569.9 | 33,605.0 | 35,606.1 | 39,557.7 | 37,749.6 | -4.6 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 4,064.2 | 4,049.4 | 4,268.3 | 4,228.5 | 4,261.9 | 4,362.9 | 4,471.4 | 4,845.4 | 5,217.3 | 5,604.6 | 5,496.5 | 5,236.7 | -4.7 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 8,736.4 | 7,817.2 | 7,333.3 | 6,738.5 | 6,879.1 | 6,844.1 | 7,294.1 | 8,873.3 | 9,005.8 | 8,849.2 | 10,981.2 | 10,469.1 | -4.7 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 3,357.1 | 3,443.8 | 3,179.9 | 2,930.0 | 2,867.3 | 3,648.8 | 3,602.8 | 3,458.6 | 3,727.0 | 3,415.5 | 3,773.0 | 3,792.0 | 0.5 |
| State and local governments | 514.5 | 843.6 | 523.6 | 439.3 | 500.6 | 543.2 | 601.3 | 603.2 | 598.8 | 614.2 | 739.1 | 669.5 | -9.4 |
| Foreign | 735.4 | 1,150.6 | 970.0 | 834.4 | 818.7 | 1,155.5 | 913.7 | 826.1 | 762.4 | 981.5 | 1,430.1 | 755.9 | -47.1 |
Research obligations |
76,843.4 | 68,346.0 | 71,573.4 | 67,440.0 | 70,540.4 | 70,987.3 | 74,122.9 | 76,159.7 | 79,485.8 | 84,948.3 | 87,555.4 | 85,155.5 | -2.7 |
| Performer | |||||||||||||
| Federal intramural4 | 16,014.1 | 14,916.2 | 16,516.4 | 15,284.7 | 16,041.0 | 16,737.6 | 17,658.0 | 17,336.1 | 18,987.6 | 19,162.3 | 20,088.7 | 20,768.8 | 3.4 |
| Industrial firms | 7,989.0 | 7,111.4 | 9,005.2 | 8,390.9 | 9,035.0 | 9,046.0 | 9,277.7 | 9,769.9 | 9,343.9 | 11,246.0 | 10,293.0 | 9,988.4 | -3.0 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 3,569.3 | 3,515.3 | 3,095.0 | 3,091.6 | 3,607.8 | 3,455.4 | 3,916.7 | 3,880.0 | 3,680.4 | 3,839.8 | 3,605.2 | 3,579.9 | -0.7 |
| Universities and colleges | 35,701.2 | 30,923.6 | 30,375.4 | 28,220.5 | 29,277.6 | 28,957.1 | 29,769.1 | 30,112.4 | 32,064.5 | 33,910.1 | 36,409.6 | 34,328.0 | -5.7 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 2,594.4 | 2,620.1 | 3,300.9 | 3,519.9 | 3,465.9 | 3,599.0 | 3,573.6 | 3,816.2 | 3,947.9 | 5,113.0 | 3,965.1 | 3,908.2 | -1.4 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 8,063.2 | 6,785.6 | 6,716.2 | 6,203.6 | 6,333.6 | 6,369.4 | 6,838.0 | 8,258.1 | 8,114.5 | 8,264.2 | 9,433.2 | 8,871.1 | -6.0 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 1,969.8 | 1,705.2 | 1,683.4 | 1,921.6 | 1,935.0 | 1,803.4 | 2,096.9 | 2,087.4 | 2,450.8 | 2,378.1 | 2,582.8 | 2,602.4 | 0.8 |
| State and local governments | 425.4 | 332.4 | 406.9 | 357.1 | 442.6 | 468.8 | 465.8 | 493.9 | 458.5 | 524.0 | 661.7 | 605.9 | -8.4 |
| Foreign | 516.8 | 436.1 | 474.1 | 449.8 | 402.0 | 550.7 | 527.4 | 405.8 | 437.7 | 510.7 | 516.2 | 502.7 | -2.6 |
| Field | |||||||||||||
| Engineering | 13,361.7 | 11,846.4 | 13,175.5 | 12,472.4 | 13,329.6 | 13,334.8 | 14,186.2 | 14,396.1 | 14,662.1 | 16,000.8 | 13,570.8 | 14,238.1 | 4.9 |
| Environmental sciences | 4,026.1 | 3,777.8 | 4,487.9 | 4,603.6 | 4,895.4 | 4,922.9 | 4,907.9 | 4,871.9 | 4,867.6 | 5,314.3 | 5,172.5 | 4,631.7 | -10.5 |
| Life sciences | 40,887.7 | 34,640.3 | 35,778.9 | 33,411.6 | 34,388.6 | 33,988.3 | 35,519.2 | 37,157.7 | 39,423.8 | 40,112.5 | 43,646.8 | 42,013.9 | -3.7 |
| Mathematics and computer sciences | 4,114.0 | 3,974.6 | 4,075.7 | 3,904.1 | 4,354.3 | 4,308.3 | 4,680.6 | 4,244.7 | 4,483.2 | 4,534.5 | 6,068.4 | 6,063.3 | -0.1 |
| Physical sciences | 7,079.0 | 6,392.0 | 7,403.2 | 7,156.5 | 7,269.6 | 7,261.3 | 7,392.8 | 7,173.8 | 8,399.0 | 10,279.6 | 8,642.0 | 8,775.4 | 1.5 |
| Psychology | 2,599.2 | 2,222.5 | 2,410.9 | 2,204.6 | 2,206.7 | 2,225.0 | 2,240.5 | 2,268.5 | 2,479.7 | 2,883.6 | 3,362.2 | 3,265.0 | -2.9 |
| Social sciences | 1,443.7 | 1,487.0 | 1,299.2 | 1,409.6 | 1,609.2 | 1,267.4 | 1,359.7 | 1,119.6 | 1,107.7 | 1,210.3 | 1,167.4 | 1,266.3 | 8.5 |
| Other sciences | 3,331.9 | 4,005.4 | 2,942.0 | 2,277.6 | 2,487.0 | 3,679.3 | 3,836.0 | 4,927.5 | 4,062.8 | 4,612.8 | 5,925.2 | 4,901.8 | -17.3 |
Development obligations |
92,396.4 | 91,248.3 | 88,432.4 | 75,402.7 | 75,542.7 | 72,417.8 | 53,592.5 | 53,522.8 | 58,438.4 | 64,201.4 | 84,264.0 | 94,309.8 | 11.9 |
| Performer | |||||||||||||
| Federal intramural4 | 21,259.4 | 26,480.7 | 23,192.1 | 22,267.6 | 22,909.0 | 22,216.3 | 17,832.8 | 16,443.2 | 19,326.9 | 22,006.8 | 32,741.0 | 43,440.3 | 32.7 |
| Industrial firms | 64,199.7 | 55,965.2 | 59,059.5 | 48,044.0 | 47,295.9 | 43,883.7 | 30,248.3 | 31,514.3 | 33,020.3 | 35,298.8 | 42,491.8 | 42,030.6 | -1.1 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 1,189.0 | 1,696.3 | 1,078.0 | 1,233.0 | 1,110.1 | 934.4 | 649.3 | 562.7 | 648.8 | 2,524.7 | 622.2 | 984.2 | 58.2 |
| Universities and colleges | 1,910.6 | 1,681.0 | 1,409.1 | 1,139.5 | 1,479.2 | 1,620.2 | 1,480.5 | 1,457.4 | 1,540.4 | 1,696.0 | 3,148.2 | 3,421.6 | 8.7 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 1,469.8 | 1,429.1 | 967.4 | 708.7 | 796.0 | 763.9 | 897.8 | 1,029.1 | 1,269.4 | 491.7 | 1,531.4 | 1,328.6 | -13.2 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 673.2 | 1,031.6 | 617.1 | 534.9 | 545.5 | 474.7 | 456.1 | 615.2 | 891.2 | 585.1 | 1,548.0 | 1,598.0 | 3.2 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 1,387.2 | 1,738.6 | 1,496.5 | 1,008.3 | 932.4 | 1,845.4 | 1,505.8 | 1,371.2 | 1,276.2 | 1,037.4 | 1,190.1 | 1,189.6 | # |
| State and local governments | 89.1 | 511.2 | 116.7 | 82.1 | 57.9 | 74.4 | 135.7 | 109.3 | 140.3 | 90.2 | 77.4 | 63.6 | -17.8 |
| Foreign | 218.6 | 714.5 | 495.9 | 384.6 | 416.7 | 604.9 | 386.3 | 420.3 | 324.7 | 470.7 | 914.0 | 253.2 | -72.3 |
R&D plant obligations |
7,974.3 | 4,912.7 | 2,484.9 | 2,170.3 | 2,486.6 | 3,151.0 | 2,705.6 | 2,890.5 | 4,105.7 | 4,583.1 | 6,312.4 | 5,942.9 | -5.9 |
| Performer | |||||||||||||
| Federal intramural4 | 2,355.3 | 997.1 | 561.8 | 767.0 | 720.4 | 1,580.7 | 716.3 | 904.2 | 1,334.3 | 1,144.3 | 3,187.9 | 1,088.4 | -65.9 |
| Industrial firms | 2,111.6 | 2,391.1 | 532.1 | 263.7 | 362.5 | 307.4 | 382.3 | 363.8 | 331.3 | 370.7 | 695.4 | 2,720.4 | 291.2 |
| FFRDCs administered by industrial firms | 202.2 | 139.3 | 59.8 | 90.6 | 102.3 | 113.4 | 79.0 | 89.8 | 228.3 | 448.5 | 228.0 | 30.5 | -86.6 |
| Universities and colleges | 1,848.0 | 336.9 | 430.4 | 269.5 | 365.3 | 325.9 | 314.9 | 381.5 | 437.4 | 538.3 | 359.9 | 343.4 | -4.6 |
| FFRDCs administered by universities and colleges | 592.5 | 286.1 | 286.7 | 280.5 | 345.9 | 419.7 | 655.3 | 638.4 | 811.5 | 890.1 | 890.7 | 809.8 | -9.1 |
| Other nonprofit institutions | 296.5 | 166.4 | 232.0 | 209.7 | 238.6 | 168.8 | 321.2 | 172.0 | 192.0 | 177.8 | 128.6 | 151.4 | 17.7 |
| FFRDCs administered by nonprofit institutions | 561.1 | 578.3 | 373.3 | 284.6 | 347.4 | 234.9 | 224.3 | 313.6 | 756.0 | 1,001.4 | 814.6 | 792.6 | -2.7 |
| State and local governments | 2.4 | 0.2 | # | 0.2 | 0.3 | # | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 1.3 | 6.9 | 6.0 | -12.7 |
| Foreign | 4.8 | 17.2 | 8.8 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 0.1 | 11.6 | 27.3 | 15.0 | 10.8 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 21.8 |
| # Rounds to zero. | |||||||||||||
| 1 Obligations represent the amounts for orders placed, contracts awarded, services received, and similar transactions during a given period, regardless of when funds were appropriated and when future payment of money is required. | |||||||||||||
| 2 Beginning with fiscal year (FY) 2016, data reported for development represent a refinement to this category by more narrowly defining it as "experimental development." Most notably, this category no longer includes Department of Defense Budget Activity 7 (Operational Systems Development) funds, which support development efforts to upgrade systems that have been fielded or have received approval for full-rate production and anticipate production funding in the current or subsequent fiscal year. Therefore, development data reported for FY 2016 and later FYs are not directly comparable with the data reported for previous FYs. | |||||||||||||
| 3 ”R&D plant” is defined as spending on both R&D facilities and major equipment and includes physical assets, such as land, structures, equipment, and intellectual property (e.g., software or applications) that have an estimated useful life of 2 years or more. Reporting for R&D plant includes the purchase, construction, manufacture, rehabilitation, or major improvement of physical assets regardless of whether the assets are owned or operated by the federal government, states, municipalities, or private individuals. The cost of the asset includes both its purchase price and all other costs incurred to bring it to a form and location suitable for use. | |||||||||||||
| 4 Includes costs associated with the administration of intramural and extramural programs by federal personnel as well as actual intramural performance. | |||||||||||||
| 5 Data adjusted by the federal budget composite deflator reported in U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government, Historical Tables, Fiscal Year 2023. | |||||||||||||
| NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Totals do not include the Central Intelligence Agency. For more information about R&D plant obligations, see https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/fedfunds/2018/ffs18-tech-notes.pdf. | |||||||||||||
| SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development, 2010 through 2021, retrieved May 5, 2022, from https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf22323/assets/data-tables/tables/nsf22323-tab002.xlsx. (This table was prepared May 2022.) |
