Table 316.80.

Percentage of degree-granting postsecondary institutions with a tenure system and percentage of full-time faculty with tenure at these institutions, by control and level of institution and selected characteristics of faculty: Selected years, 1993-94 through 2020-21

Selected characteristic and academic year	All insti- tutions	Public institutions						Nonprofit institutions						For- profit insti- tutions
		Total	4-year institutions				2-year	Total	4-year institutions				2-year
			Total	Doc- toral1	Mas- ter's2	Other			Total	Doc- toral1	Mas- ter's2	Other
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
Percent of institutions with a     tenure system
1993-94	62.6	73.6	92.6	100.0	98.3	76.4	62.1	62.0	66.3	90.5	76.5	58.3	26.1	7.8
1999-2000	55.0	72.8	94.6	100.0	95.5	86.3	60.3	59.0	63.4	81.2	72.6	54.9	14.0	4.0
2003-04	52.7	71.3	90.9	100.0	98.0	70.9	59.4	57.9	61.2	86.6	71.6	49.5	14.4	3.6
2005-06	50.9	71.5	90.9	99.5	98.0	71.6	59.4	56.5	59.8	85.1	67.1	49.2	11.5	2.0
2007-08	49.5	70.7	91.0	100.0	98.6	70.1	57.4	57.5	60.2	81.3	64.2	45.4	13.0	1.4
2009-10	47.8	71.2	90.9	99.6	98.5	71.3	57.7	57.1	59.5	80.6	64.4	44.6	12.9	1.5
2011-12	45.3	71.6	90.8	99.6	98.5	70.5	57.8	55.6	58.6	79.5	64.0	42.7	8.0	1.3
2013-14	49.3	74.6	95.8	99.6	98.1	86.6	58.9	59.7	61.8	79.6	63.2	49.0	12.5	1.2
2015-16	51.9	74.8	95.2	99.6	97.6	85.7	58.9	57.7	60.6	79.8	60.8	47.0	7.5	1.3
2016-17	54.4	74.6	94.6	99.6	97.2	85.0	58.0	58.8	61.5	79.3	61.1	48.8	9.2	1.5
2017-18	55.1	74.7	94.6	99.6	96.8	86.2	57.7	58.3	60.6	80.2	59.4	46.9	7.8	1.6
2018-19	57.4	74.3	93.6	99.3	97.5	82.4	57.5	58.8	60.8	78.7	58.2	49.0	8.8	1.3
2019-20	57.4	73.9	92.8	99.3	98.3	78.9	57.4	58.7	61.0	77.7	58.8	49.7	5.1	1.0
2020-21	57.5	73.8	91.5	99.3	97.5	75.8	57.8	58.5	60.6	77.8	57.7	49.3	5.5	1.2
Faculty with tenure at institutions     with a tenure system
Percent of all full-time faculty3
1993-94	56.2	58.9	56.3	54.5	60.5	51.1	69.9	49.5	49.5	47.6	51.8	50.4	47.9	33.8
1999-2000	53.7	55.9	53.2	50.4	59.1	54.7	67.7	48.2	48.1	43.4	52.3	53.5	59.7	77.4
2003-04	50.4	53.0	50.2	48.9	52.9	51.2	65.2	44.6	44.6	40.1	48.7	51.9	47.7	69.2
2005-06	49.6	51.5	48.7	47.2	52.3	49.1	64.1	45.1	45.1	40.7	49.1	52.5	45.2	69.3
2007-08	48.8	50.5	47.8	45.9	52.7	49.5	63.6	44.7	44.7	41.0	50.5	53.1	41.3	51.3
2009-10	48.7	50.6	47.8	45.7	53.6	51.3	64.1	44.3	44.3	40.4	50.5	54.1	38.5	51.0
2011-12	48.5	50.7	48.0	45.8	54.3	53.4	64.7	43.7	43.7	39.7	50.7	54.3	31.4	31.0
2013-14	48.3	50.4	47.3	44.9	55.4	52.2	67.2	43.8	43.8	39.5	51.7	55.9	31.5	19.8
2015-16	47.2	49.3	46.6	44.2	54.7	53.5	65.0	42.8	42.8	38.6	51.6	55.6	33.9	17.0
2016-17	46.4	48.2	45.8	43.3	53.4	56.9	63.6	42.4	42.4	38.3	51.1	55.4	32.2	17.2
2017-18	45.5	47.3	44.8	42.3	52.7	56.1	63.2	41.8	41.8	37.9	50.7	55.0	27.2	17.6
2018-19	45.1	46.9	44.5	42.2	52.8	54.7	62.8	41.4	41.4	37.6	50.0	55.2	28.9	12.0
2019-20	44.6	46.3	44.0	41.3	53.3	56.5	62.5	41.0	41.0	37.2	49.6	54.9	28.9	9.4
2020-21	47.8	49.5	47.1	44.8	54.3	59.0	65.8	44.2	44.2	41.0	51.0	55.5	27.1	9.8
Percent of full-time     instructional faculty only
2019-20
Total	47.1	48.7	46.5	44.3	53.4	56.5	62.5	43.8	43.8	40.8	49.6	54.9	28.9	9.4
Male	53.2	54.5	53.2	51.7	58.9	58.8	65.0	50.5	50.5	48.0	55.4	60.4	28.3	10.7
Female	40.1	42.0	38.5	35.1	47.6	54.3	60.5	36.0	36.0	31.7	43.6	49.3	29.2	8.1
Professor	88.8	89.9	89.9	88.0	98.5	94.3	89.3	86.6	86.6	83.9	92.2	96.1	41.9	58.7
Male	89.6	90.7	90.7	89.2	98.5	94.8	90.2	87.4	87.4	85.3	92.6	96.1	38.5	66.7
Female	87.2	88.3	88.2	85.3	98.7	93.8	88.5	84.9	84.9	80.7	91.6	96.2	44.4	47.4
Associate professor	73.8	77.0	77.1	74.0	90.0	84.3	75.7	67.8	67.8	61.5	77.7	88.1	67.3	29.1
Male	74.9	78.2	78.3	75.7	89.7	85.5	77.9	68.6	68.6	62.9	78.1	87.9	80.0	26.3
Female	72.5	75.5	75.7	71.9	90.4	83.1	74.0	66.9	66.9	59.8	77.2	88.4	62.5	31.7
Assistant professor	4.6	5.9	3.1	1.2	7.7	22.3	43.9	2.2	2.2	1.5	4.4	3.2	†	†
Male	4.6	5.8	3.1	1.2	8.1	22.9	47.4	2.4	2.4	1.6	5.1	3.5	†	†
Female	4.6	6.1	3.1	1.2	7.4	21.7	41.4	2.0	2.0	1.3	3.9	3.0	†	†
Instructor	25.2	30.8	9.3	0.7	1.8	42.4	55.0	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.8	†	†
Lecturer	1.8	2.3	1.6	1.0	3.6	6.3	33.5	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	1.1	†	†
No academic rank	28.6	36.5	22.8	1.4	4.5	57.3	66.4	3.5	3.5	1.5	15.2	3.8	†	†
2020-21
Total	47.8	49.5	47.1	44.8	54.3	59.0	65.8	44.2	44.2	41.0	51.0	55.5	27.1	9.8
Male	53.9	55.3	53.8	52.2	60.0	61.1	68.0	50.9	50.9	48.4	56.8	60.5	30.6	10.9
Female	40.9	43.0	39.2	35.7	48.3	57.0	64.0	36.3	36.3	32.0	45.2	50.3	25.2	8.7
Professor	88.5	89.8	89.6	87.7	98.3	94.0	91.8	86.1	86.1	83.3	92.8	95.9	73.7	57.1
Male	89.4	90.7	90.6	89.1	98.4	94.6	93.1	86.9	86.9	84.7	92.5	96.0	75.0	63.9
Female	86.8	88.0	87.6	84.6	98.1	93.3	90.7	84.5	84.5	80.0	93.2	95.9	72.7	48.1
Associate professor	73.4	76.6	76.6	73.4	89.7	85.2	76.7	67.0	67.0	60.6	78.2	88.4	59.6	28.4
Male	74.7	78.1	78.1	75.4	89.9	86.0	78.5	67.8	67.8	62.0	78.9	87.9	86.7	22.0
Female	71.9	74.8	74.8	71.0	89.4	84.3	75.4	66.1	66.2	58.9	77.4	88.9	50.0	35.0
Assistant professor	4.5	5.7	2.8	1.1	7.4	22.7	46.0	2.1	2.1	1.2	5.3	3.2	†	†
Male	4.5	5.6	2.8	1.1	7.6	22.5	49.1	2.3	2.3	1.3	6.1	3.4	†	†
Female	4.4	5.9	2.8	1.1	7.2	22.9	43.8	1.9	1.9	1.1	4.7	3.0	†	†
Instructor	26.7	32.6	10.4	0.7	1.7	46.1	58.7	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.9	0.6	†	†
Lecturer	1.9	2.5	1.8	1.1	4.2	6.2	37.3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.9	†	†
No academic rank	31.1	38.3	24.1	0.7	5.1	60.0	69.8	4.5	4.5	1.9	16.1	5.9	†	†

†Not applicable.

1 Institutions that awarded 20 or more doctor's degrees during the previous academic year.

2 Institutions that awarded 20 or more master's degrees, but less than 20 doctor's degrees, during the previous academic year.

3 Includes instructional, research, and public service faculty.

NOTE: Data in this table represent the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Data include imputations for nonrespondent institutions. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Fall Staff Survey" (IPEDS-S:93-99); and IPEDS Winter 2003-04 through Winter 2011-12 and Spring 2014 through Spring 2021, Human Resources component, Fall Staff section. (This table was prepared November 2021.)