Table 236.85.

Unadjusted and geographically adjusted current expenditure per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by function, district poverty level, and locale: 2018-19

School district locale	Current expenditures, by function												Current expenditures, by district poverty level1
	Total	Instruc- tion	Student support2	Instruc- tional staff support3	General adminis-tration	School adminis-tration	Operation and maintenance	Student trans- portation	Other support services4	Food services	Enterprise opera- tions5	Other	Low-poverty districts	Middle- low- poverty districts	Middle- high- poverty districts	High-poverty districts
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
	Current expenditure per pupil in unadjusted dollars
Total	$13,037	$7,854	$802	$629	$265	$744	$1,198	$551	$480	$490	$24	$1	$13,866	$12,614	$11,793	$13,854
City, total	13,493	8,126	794	708	217	799	1,238	514	559	518	18	1	12,593	12,510	11,564	15,304
Large	14,156	8,653	733	688	221	838	1,323	550	594	535	18	2	11,701	12,258	11,066	16,357
Midsize	12,582	7,339	874	769	196	770	1,102	474	544	500	13	#	12,382	12,637	11,970	13,146
Small	12,802	7,639	860	698	230	735	1,169	465	488	494	24	#	13,635	12,598	12,419	12,847
Suburban, total	13,231	8,062	881	627	233	743	1,194	554	464	442	30	#	14,326	12,674	11,990	13,077
Large	13,372	8,165	897	631	235	750	1,201	559	468	436	30	#	14,464	12,675	12,156	13,387
Midsize	12,195	7,347	762	605	190	690	1,144	510	435	479	33	#	13,283	12,853	10,757	11,742
Small	12,570	7,516	824	603	279	705	1,148	547	453	468	25	1	12,860	12,383	12,179	12,930
Town, total	11,912	7,064	705	543	342	666	1,123	508	421	529	12	1	12,508	12,361	11,932	11,235
Fringe	12,374	7,449	716	547	326	684	1,143	556	455	483	15	#	12,568	12,259	12,273	12,379
Distant	11,937	7,071	701	550	340	674	1,113	521	415	544	8	1	12,049	12,412	12,157	11,295
Remote	11,504	6,746	702	530	359	637	1,123	449	404	539	14	3	13,340	12,374	11,367	10,698
Rural, total	12,335	7,263	667	529	395	687	1,179	647	405	540	24	1	13,371	12,729	11,734	11,699
Fringe	12,093	7,207	718	538	300	675	1,121	616	398	497	23	1	13,482	12,371	11,087	11,060
Distant	12,194	7,157	605	492	454	680	1,171	674	385	559	16	1	12,720	12,764	11,996	11,527
Remote	13,716	7,784	621	587	628	755	1,439	701	487	663	50	2	15,171	14,253	13,545	13,242
	Current expenditure per pupil adjusted for geographic cost differences6
Total	$13,561	$8,154	$830	$650	$282	$773	$1,250	$579	$495	$523	$24	$1	$13,788	$13,291	$12,672	$14,473
City, total	13,478	8,092	800	707	219	800	1,241	517	555	529	18	1	12,061	12,565	11,943	15,145
Large	13,595	8,276	712	661	214	809	1,276	531	574	523	17	2	11,082	11,883	10,973	15,534
Midsize	13,023	7,594	901	784	205	796	1,146	498	556	529	14	#	11,953	12,443	12,648	14,209
Small	13,653	8,144	912	738	246	780	1,253	502	510	542	24	#	13,099	13,200	13,705	14,403
Suburban, total	13,289	8,093	880	629	235	744	1,200	561	466	452	29	#	14,036	12,899	12,351	13,415
Large	13,281	8,104	885	626	235	743	1,194	559	465	441	29	#	14,084	12,800	12,287	13,413
Midsize	13,193	7,954	818	650	204	745	1,239	554	468	527	33	#	13,687	13,776	12,315	12,966
Small	13,634	8,153	888	644	306	761	1,246	609	484	518	25	1	13,505	13,415	13,529	14,531
Town, total	13,792	8,183	809	624	396	770	1,304	592	477	621	13	1	13,595	14,264	14,018	13,238
Fringe	13,528	8,148	779	593	359	747	1,250	613	490	534	16	#	13,341	13,516	13,867	13,490
Distant	13,902	8,241	808	636	397	785	1,300	611	472	642	10	1	13,380	14,378	14,267	13,294
Remote	13,818	8,113	837	630	425	766	1,353	543	475	655	17	3	14,952	14,830	13,661	13,057
Rural, total	14,312	8,426	766	610	461	796	1,370	753	464	639	26	1	14,464	14,609	13,958	14,224
Fringe	13,635	8,125	803	605	338	760	1,266	695	443	574	24	1	14,203	13,853	13,046	13,278
Distant	14,456	8,486	715	582	536	806	1,389	800	450	672	18	2	14,530	14,963	14,315	14,030
Remote	16,713	9,500	753	703	767	919	1,750	859	586	815	58	2	18,103	16,986	16,550	16,404

#Rounds to zero.

1 Excludes data for school districts with missing poverty information. To determine district poverty levels, all public school districts were first ranked by the percentage of their 5- to 17-year-old residents whose families had incomes below the Census Bureau’s poverty threshold (for details about poverty status, see https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/poverty/guidance/poverty-measures.html). The districts were then divided into four levels, each containing 25 percent of the total enrolled students. The low-poverty level consists of districts with the lowest percentages of poor 5- to 17-year-olds (9.4 percent or less); the middle-low-poverty level consists of districts with 9.4 percent to 15.8 percent of poor 5- to 17-year-olds; the middle-high-poverty level consists of districts with 15.8 percent to 22.4 percent of poor 5- to 17-year-olds; and the high-poverty level consists of districts with the highest percentages of poor 5- to 17-year-olds (22.4 percent or more). District poverty levels were determined based on family incomes in unadjusted dollars.

2 Includes expenditures for guidance, health, attendance, social work, student accounting, counseling, student appraisal, information, record maintenance, placement services, and medical, dental, nursing, psychological, and speech pathology services.

3 Includes expenditures for curriculum development, staff training, supervision of instruction service improvements, academic assessment, and media, library, and instruction-related technology services.

4 Includes business support services concerned with paying, transporting, exchanging, and maintaining goods and services for local education agencies; central support services, including planning, research, evaluation, information, staff, and data processing services; and other support services.

5 Includes expenditures for operations funded by sales of products or services (e.g., school bookstore or computer time).

6 Data have been adjusted using the American Community Survey-Comparable Wage Index for Teachers (ACS-CWIFT), an experimental index created by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) to measure wage differences across geographic areas. ACS-CWIFT can facilitate comparisons of school district-level finance data across geographic areas. For more information, see https://nces.ed.gov/programs/edge/docs/EDGE_ACS_CWIFT_FILEDOC.pdf.

NOTE: Data in this table represent the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Totals include data for school districts with missing locale information. Includes only current expenditures for schools. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "Local Education Agency (School District) Finance Survey (F-33)," 2018-19; Education Demographic and Geographic Estimates (EDGE) Program, "Public Local Education Agency Geocode File," 2018-19; and American Community Survey-Comparable Wage Index for Teachers (ACS-CSWFT), Local Education Agency file, 2018-19, and State file, 2018-19. U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) Program, 2018 Poverty Estimates for School Districts and 2018 Poverty Estimates for States and Counties. (This table was prepared January 2022.)