Table 236.60.

Total and current expenditures per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by function and subfunction: Selected years, 1990-91 through 2018-19

Function and subfunction	Expenditures per pupil in unadjusted dollars1										Expenditures per pupil in constant 2020-21 dollars2
	1990-91		2000-01	2009-10	2010-11	2014-15	2015-16	2016-17	2017-18	2018-193	1990-91		2000-01	2009-10	2010-11	2014-15	2015-16	2016-17	2017-18	2018-193
1	2		3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11		12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19
Total expenditures	$5,484		$8,572	$12,133	$12,054	$12,796	$13,299	$13,834	$14,364	$15,034	$10,776		$12,882	$14,732	$14,348	$14,227	$14,687	$15,002	$15,234	$15,621
Current expenditures for     public schools	4,902		7,380	10,636	10,663	11,445	11,842	12,260	12,654	13,187	9,632		11,092	12,914	12,691	12,725	13,079	13,296	13,420	13,701
Salaries	3,220	4	4,752	6,366	6,300	6,530	6,748	6,927	7,080	7,294	6,328	4	7,142	7,729	7,498	7,260	7,453	7,512	7,509	7,579
Employee benefits	824	4	1,228	2,199	2,260	2,603	2,717	2,879	3,034	3,191	1,619	4	1,846	2,670	2,690	2,894	3,001	3,122	3,218	3,316
Purchased services	397	4	673	1,053	1,082	1,216	1,283	1,326	1,404	1,489	781	4	1,012	1,279	1,288	1,352	1,417	1,438	1,489	1,547
Tuition	29	4	52	96	101	111	114	121	130	178	57	4	78	117	120	123	126	131	138	185
Supplies	359	4	599	818	817	871	869	886	898	924	706	4	900	993	973	969	960	961	952	960
Other	72	4	76	104	103	114	111	120	107	111	142	4	114	127	123	127	123	130	114	115
Instruction	2,965		4,541	6,511	6,522	6,951	7,212	7,445	7,676	7,970	5,827		6,824	7,905	7,763	7,729	7,965	8,074	8,141	8,281
Salaries	2,202		3,273	4,347	4,307	4,437	4,578	4,687	4,775	4,900	4,326		4,920	5,278	5,127	4,933	5,056	5,083	5,065	5,091
Employee benefits	542		837	1,481	1,522	1,767	1,843	1,947	2,053	2,149	1,065		1,258	1,798	1,811	1,965	2,036	2,112	2,177	2,233
Purchased services	66		136	281	297	329	358	366	391	404	130		205	341	354	366	396	397	414	420
Tuition	29		52	96	101	111	114	121	130	178	57		78	117	120	123	126	131	138	185
Supplies	111		220	277	266	280	290	295	298	308	219		330	337	316	311	320	320	316	320
Textbooks	---		---	52	47	49	50	52	55	49	---		---	63	56	54	56	57	58	51
Other	15		22	29	30	27	28	28	29	30	30		33	36	35	30	31	31	31	31
Student support5	217		366	591	594	644	676	712	751	809	426		551	717	707	716	746	773	797	841
Salaries	159		262	393	392	411	429	447	466	498	313		393	477	466	457	474	485	494	517
Employee benefits	40		64	128	132	157	166	181	195	212	79		97	156	157	174	183	196	207	221
Purchased services	11		28	50	52	60	64	67	72	80	22		42	61	62	67	70	73	77	83
Supplies	5		9	11	11	12	12	13	13	14	9		13	13	13	13	14	14	14	15
Other	1		3	7	7	4	4	4	5	5	3		5	9	9	5	5	5	5	5
Instructional staff     support6	205		337	509	503	536	556	578	604	635	404		507	618	599	596	615	626	641	660
Salaries	135		207	301	293	308	319	331	341	350	265		312	365	349	343	353	359	361	363
Employee benefits	34		50	98	100	112	117	126	135	142	67		75	119	119	125	129	136	143	147
Purchased services	15		42	69	70	73	78	79	85	98	30		64	83	83	81	86	85	90	102
Supplies	19		33	37	37	39	37	38	39	40	37		50	45	44	43	41	41	41	42
Other	2		4	5	4	4	4	4	5	5	5		7	6	5	5	5	5	5	5
General administration	141		151	211	212	229	239	242	248	247	276		226	256	253	255	264	263	263	257
Salaries	63		71	90	89	94	97	100	102	105	124		107	110	106	105	107	109	108	109
Employee benefits	19		21	37	38	41	41	44	46	47	37		32	44	45	45	46	48	49	49
Purchased services	36		44	64	65	74	80	76	76	74	71		67	77	78	83	89	82	81	77
Supplies	4		4	5	5	5	5	5	6	6	8		7	6	5	6	6	6	6	6
Other	18		10	16	16	15	15	16	18	16	36		14	19	19	17	17	17	19	16
School administration	284		415	579	580	632	659	685	719	750	558		623	703	690	703	728	742	763	779
Salaries	217		314	413	408	436	452	466	485	503	426		472	501	486	485	499	505	515	522
Employee benefits	55		78	136	141	163	171	183	199	211	108		117	165	168	181	189	198	211	219
Purchased services	6		13	19	19	21	23	23	22	23	12		19	23	22	24	25	25	24	24
Supplies	5		8	9	9	9	9	10	10	10	9		12	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
Other	2		2	3	3	3	3	4	4	4	3		3	3	3	4	4	4	4	4
Operation and maintenance	517		721	1,014	1,015	1,078	1,093	1,140	1,174	1,216	1,015		1,084	1,231	1,209	1,199	1,207	1,236	1,245	1,263
Salaries	215		285	364	356	362	372	382	376	388	422		429	442	424	403	411	414	398	403
Employee benefits	64		80	143	146	160	165	174	174	181	126		120	173	173	177	182	189	185	188
Purchased services	139		204	265	270	309	316	337	369	386	273		307	322	321	343	349	366	391	401
Supplies	91		146	233	235	240	233	239	247	253	179		219	283	280	266	257	259	262	262
Other	8		6	9	9	8	8	8	8	9	16		9	11	10	9	9	8	9	9
Student transportation	211		298	442	452	477	483	502	518	552	414		447	537	538	530	534	544	550	574
Salaries	80		115	155	152	157	163	169	173	180	157		172	188	181	175	180	183	184	187
Employee benefits	22		34	62	63	68	72	75	73	83	43		51	75	75	75	79	82	77	86
Purchased services	81		122	182	185	200	206	214	224	238	159		184	221	220	223	228	232	237	247
Supplies	23		25	40	48	47	37	39	43	46	46		37	48	57	52	41	42	46	48
Other	5		3	4	4	5	5	5	5	6	9		4	5	5	5	5	5	6	6
Other support services7	136		242	348	349	415	429	455	456	490	266		364	423	415	462	474	493	484	509
Salaries	70		117	165	165	181	190	196	207	212	138		176	201	196	201	210	212	220	220
Employee benefits	24		34	64	67	78	81	85	94	98	47		51	77	79	87	89	93	100	102
Purchased services	19		59	79	78	97	102	108	106	124	38		89	96	93	107	112	117	112	129
Supplies	7		13	17	18	23	25	26	26	29	14		20	21	21	26	27	29	28	30
Other	15		19	23	21	37	32	40	23	27	29		29	28	26	41	35	43	24	28
Food services	205		293	405	412	459	470	477	481	494	402		440	492	491	510	519	517	510	513
Salaries	---		105	131	131	137	141	143	148	152	---		158	160	156	152	156	155	157	158
Employee benefits	---		29	49	50	56	58	60	64	66	---		44	59	60	62	64	66	67	68
Purchased services	---		20	39	42	49	51	53	55	58	---		29	47	50	54	56	57	58	61
Supplies	---		136	181	184	211	214	215	209	212	---		204	220	219	235	236	233	221	220
Other	---		3	5	5	6	6	6	6	6	---		4	6	6	6	7	7	6	6
Enterprise operations8	23		16	25	22	22	24	25	25	24	45		25	31	27	25	26	27	26	25
Salaries	---		3	7	7	6	7	7	7	7	---		4	8	8	7	7	8	7	8
Employee benefits	---		1	2	2	2	2	3	3	3	---		1	2	2	3	3	3	3	3
Purchased services	---		4	5	3	4	4	4	4	4	---		6	6	4	4	5	4	5	4
Supplies	---		5	7	6	6	6	7	6	6	---		8	9	7	7	7	7	7	6
Other	---		4	4	4	4	5	4	4	4	---		6	5	5	5	5	5	5	4
Capital outlay9	477		976	1,148	1,029	1,004	1,109	1,210	1,328	1,443	937		1,467	1,394	1,225	1,116	1,225	1,313	1,408	1,499
Interest on school debt	105		215	349	363	348	348	363	383	404	206		324	424	432	387	384	394	406	420

---Not available.

1 Unadjusted (or "current") dollars have not been adjusted to compensate for inflation.

2 Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.

3 Excludes prekindergarten expenditures and prekindergarten enrollment for California.

4 Includes estimated data for subfunctions of food services and enterprise operations.

5 Includes expenditures for guidance, health, attendance, and speech pathology services.

6 Includes expenditures for curriculum development, staff training, libraries, and media and computer centers.

7 Includes business support services concerned with paying, transporting, exchanging, and maintaining goods and services for local education agencies; central support services, including planning, research, evaluation, information, staff, and data processing services; and other support services.

8 Includes expenditures for operations funded by sales of products or services (e.g., school bookstore or computer time).

9 Includes expenditures for property and for buildings and alterations completed by school district staff or contractors.

NOTE: Data in this table represent the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "National Public Education Financial Survey," 1990-91 through 2018-19. (This table was prepared September 2021.)