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Table 201.10. | Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: Selected years, 1869-70 through 2018-19 |
Selected characteristic | 1869-70 | 1879-80 | 1889-90 | 1899-1900 | 1909-10 | 1919-20 | 1929-30 | 1939-40 | 1949-50 | 1959-60 | 1969-70 | 1979-80 | 1989-90 | 1999-2000 | 2009-10 | 2015-16 | 2016-17 | 2017-18 | 2018-19 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | |||||||||||
Number | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Population, pupils, and instructional staff | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total population (in thousands)1 | 38,558 | 50,156 | 62,622 | 75,995 | 90,490 | 104,514 | 121,878 | 131,028 | 149,188 | 177,830 | 201,385 | 225,055 | 246,819 | 279,040 | 306,772 | 320,739 | 323,072 | 325,122 | 326,838 | |||||||||||
5- to 17-year-olds (in thousands)1 | 11,683 | 15,066 | 18,473 | 21,573 | 24,011 | 27,571 | 31,414 | 30,151 | 30,223 | 43,881 | 52,386 | 48,043 | 44,947 | 52,811 | 53,890 | 53,729 | 53,763 | 53,737 | 53,607 | |||||||||||
5- to 17-year-olds as a percent of total |
30.3 | 30.0 | 29.5 | 28.4 | 26.5 | 26.4 | 25.8 | 23.0 | 20.3 | 24.7 | 26.0 | 21.3 | 18.2 | 18.9 | 17.6 | 16.8 | 16.6 | 16.5 | 16.4 | |||||||||||
Total enrollment in elementary and secondary schools (in thousands)2 |
7,562 | 3 | 9,867 | 12,723 | 15,503 | 17,814 | 21,578 | 25,678 | 25,434 | 25,112 | 36,087 | 45,550 | 41,651 | 40,543 | 46,857 | 49,361 | 50,438 | 50,615 | 50,686 | 50,694 | ||||||||||
Prekindergarten through grade 8 (in thousands) | 7,481 | 3 | 9,757 | 12,520 | 14,984 | 16,899 | 19,378 | 21,279 | 18,833 | 19,387 | 27,602 | 32,513 | 28,034 | 29,152 | 33,486 | 34,409 | 35,388 | 35,477 | 35,496 | 35,498 | ||||||||||
Grades 9 through 12 (in thousands) | 80 | 3 | 110 | 203 | 519 | 915 | 2,200 | 4,399 | 6,601 | 5,725 | 8,485 | 13,037 | 13,616 | 11,390 | 13,371 | 14,952 | 15,050 | 15,138 | 15,190 | 15,196 | ||||||||||
Enrollment as a percent of total population |
19.6 | 3 | 19.7 | 20.3 | 20.4 | 19.7 | 20.6 | 21.1 | 19.4 | 16.8 | 20.3 | 22.6 | 18.5 | 16.4 | 16.8 | 16.1 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 15.6 | 15.5 | ||||||||||
Enrollment as a percent of 5- to 17-year-olds | 64.7 | 3 | 65.5 | 68.9 | 71.9 | 74.2 | 78.3 | 81.7 | 84.4 | 83.1 | 82.2 | 87.0 | 86.7 | 90.2 | 88.7 | 91.6 | 93.9 | 94.1 | 94.3 | 94.6 | ||||||||||
Percent of total enrollment in grades 9 through 12 |
1.1 | 3 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 3.3 | 5.1 | 10.2 | 17.1 | 26.0 | 22.8 | 23.5 | 28.6 | 32.7 | 28.1 | 28.5 | 30.3 | 29.8 | 29.9 | 30.0 | 30.0 | ||||||||||
High school graduates (in thousands) | --- | --- | 22 | 62 | 111 | 231 | 592 | 1,143 | 1,063 | 1,627 | 2,589 | 2,748 | 2,320 | 2,554 | 3,128 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |||||||||||
Average daily attendance (in thousands) |
4,077 | 6,144 | 8,154 | 10,633 | 12,827 | 16,150 | 21,265 | 22,042 | 22,284 | 32,477 | 41,934 | 38,289 | 37,799 | 43,807 | 45,919 | 47,248 | 47,287 | 47,230 | 47,167 | |||||||||||
Total number of days attended by pupils |
539 | 801 | 1,098 | 1,535 | 2,011 | 2,615 | 3,673 | 3,858 | 3,964 | 5,782 | 7,501 | 6,835 | 4 | --- | 7,858 | 8,199 | 8,467 | 8,474 | 8,463 | 8,450 | ||||||||||
Percent of enrolled pupils attending daily | 59.3 | 62.3 | 64.1 | 68.6 | 72.1 | 74.8 | 82.8 | 86.7 | 88.7 | 90.0 | 90.4 | 90.1 | 4 | --- | 94.3 | --- | 93.5 | --- | 93.2 | --- | ||||||||||
Average length of school term, in days | 132.2 | 130.3 | 134.7 | 144.3 | 157.5 | 161.9 | 172.7 | 175.0 | 177.9 | 178.0 | 178.9 | 178.5 | 4 | --- | 179.4 | 178.6 | 179.2 | 179.2 | 179.2 | 179.2 | ||||||||||
Average number of days attended per pupil | 78.4 | 81.1 | 86.3 | 99.0 | 113.0 | 121.2 | 143.0 | 151.7 | 157.9 | 160.2 | 161.7 | 160.8 | 4 | --- | 169.2 | --- | 167.6 | --- | 166.9 | --- | ||||||||||
Total full-time-equivalent (FTE) school administra- |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 693 | 885 | 907 | 957 | 1,449 | 2,256 | 2,720 | 2,986 | 3,819 | 4,279 | 4,250 | 4,294 | 4,340 | 4,349 | |||||||||||
Principals (in thousands) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 14 | 31 | 32 | 43 | 64 | 91 | 106 | 126 | 137 | 168 | 182 | 184 | 189 | 194 | |||||||||||
Teacher aides, librarians, and |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 32 | 149 | 429 | 504 | 771 | 901 | 916 | 941 | 981 | 985 | |||||||||||
Teachers (in thousands) | 201 | 287 | 364 | 423 | 523 | 680 | 854 | 875 | 914 | 1,353 | 2,016 | 2,185 | 2,357 | 2,911 | 3,210 | 3,151 | 3,169 | 3,170 | 3,170 | |||||||||||
Males (in thousands) | 78 | 123 | 126 | 127 | 110 | 96 | 142 | 195 | 195 | 392 | 4 | 653 | 4 | 743 | 4 | --- | 731 | 4 | --- | 730 | 4 | --- | 745 | 4 | --- | |||||
Females (in thousands) | 123 | 164 | 238 | 296 | 413 | 584 | 712 | 681 | 719 | 961 | 4 | 1,363 | 4 | 1,442 | 4 | --- | 2,180 | 4 | --- | 2,421 | 4 | --- | 2,425 | 4 | --- | |||||
Percent male | 38.7 | 42.8 | 34.5 | 29.9 | 21.1 | 14.1 | 16.6 | 22.2 | 21.3 | 29.0 | 4 | 32.4 | 4 | 34.0 | 4 | --- | 25.1 | 4 | --- | 23.2 | 4 | --- | 23.5 | 4 | --- | |||||
Amounts in unadjusted dollars6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues and expenditures | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue receipts (in millions) | --- | --- | $143 | $220 | $433 | $970 | $2,089 | $2,261 | $5,437 | $14,747 | $40,267 | $96,881 | $208,548 | $372,944 | $596,391 | $677,219 | $704,840 | $734,244 | $764,716 | |||||||||||
Federal government | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2 | 7 | 40 | 156 | 652 | 3,220 | 9,504 | 12,701 | 27,098 | 75,998 | 55,975 | 57,309 | 57,345 | 60,339 | |||||||||||
State governments | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 160 | 354 | 684 | 2,166 | 5,768 | 16,063 | 45,349 | 98,239 | 184,613 | 258,864 | 317,660 | 331,319 | 343,952 | 356,997 | |||||||||||
Local sources, including intermediate | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 808 | 1,728 | 1,536 | 3,116 | 8,327 | 20,985 | 42,029 | 97,608 | 161,233 | 261,529 | 303,583 | 316,212 | 332,947 | 347,380 | |||||||||||
Percentage distribution of revenue receipts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal government | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 8.0 | 9.8 | 6.1 | 7.3 | 12.7 | 8.3 | 8.1 | 7.8 | 7.9 | |||||||||||
State governments | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 16.5 | 16.9 | 30.3 | 39.8 | 39.1 | 39.9 | 46.8 | 47.1 | 49.5 | 43.4 | 46.9 | 47.0 | 46.8 | 46.7 | |||||||||||
Local sources, including intermediate | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 83.2 | 82.7 | 68.0 | 57.3 | 56.5 | 52.1 | 43.4 | 46.8 | 43.2 | 43.9 | 44.8 | 44.9 | 45.3 | 45.4 | |||||||||||
Total expenditures for public schools |
$63 | $78 | $141 | $215 | $426 | $1,036 | $2,317 | $2,344 | $5,838 | $15,613 | $40,683 | $95,962 | $212,770 | $381,838 | $607,018 | $677,605 | $706,823 | $734,876 | $769,039 | |||||||||||
Current expenditures7 | --- | --- | 114 | 180 | 356 | 861 | 1,844 | 1,942 | 4,687 | 12,329 | 8 | 34,218 | 8 | 86,984 | 8 | 188,229 | 8 | 323,889 | 8 | 524,715 | 8 | 596,202 | 8 | 619,291 | 8 | 639,952 | 8 | 666,865 | 8 | |
Capital outlay9 | --- | --- | 26 | 35 | 70 | 154 | 371 | 258 | 1,014 | 2,662 | 4,659 | 6,506 | 17,781 | 43,357 | 56,715 | 55,989 | 61,298 | 67,346 | 73,131 | |||||||||||
Interest on school debt | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 18 | 93 | 131 | 101 | 490 | 1,171 | 1,874 | 3,776 | 9,135 | 17,232 | 17,501 | 18,338 | 19,356 | 20,443 | |||||||||||
Other current expenditures10 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3 | 10 | 13 | 36 | 133 | 636 | 598 | 11 | 2,983 | 5,457 | 8,356 | 7,914 | 7,895 | 8,222 | 8,600 | ||||||||||
Percentage distribution of total expenditures | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current expenditures7 | --- | --- | 81.3 | 83.5 | 83.6 | 83.1 | 79.6 | 82.8 | 80.3 | 79.0 | 8 | 84.1 | 8 | 90.6 | 8 | 88.5 | 8 | 84.8 | 8 | 86.4 | 8 | 88.0 | 8 | 87.6 | 8 | 87.1 | 8 | 86.7 | 8 | |
Capital outlay9 | --- | --- | 18.7 | 16.5 | 16.4 | 14.8 | 16.0 | 11.0 | 17.4 | 17.0 | 11.5 | 6.8 | 8.4 | 11.4 | 9.3 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 9.2 | 9.5 | |||||||||||
Interest on school debt | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.8 | 4.0 | 5.6 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | |||||||||||
Other current expenditures10 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 11 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | ||||||||||
Teacher salaries; income and expenditures |
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Annual salary of classroom teachers12 | $189 | $195 | $252 | $325 | $485 | $871 | $1,420 | $1,441 | $3,010 | $4,995 | $8,626 | $15,970 | $31,367 | $41,807 | $55,370 | $58,506 | $59,772 | $60,785 | $62,355 | |||||||||||
Personal income per member of labor force1 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1,734 | 1,333 | 3,445 | 5,893 | 9,913 | 19,842 | 37,343 | 57,451 | 78,372 | 99,823 | 101,119 | 105,104 | 109,246 | |||||||||||
Total school expenditures per capita of total |
2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 19 | 18 | 39 | 88 | 202 | 426 | 862 | 1,368 | 1,979 | 2,113 | 2,188 | 2,260 | 2,353 | |||||||||||
National income per capita1 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 773 | 629 | 1,607 | 2,580 | 4,455 | 9,954 | 19,286 | 29,714 | 39,296 | 49,104 | 49,628 | 51,596 | 54,074 | |||||||||||
Current expenditure per pupil in ADA7,13,14 | --- | --- | 14 | 17 | 28 | 53 | 87 | 88 | 210 | 375 | 816 | 2,272 | 4,980 | 7,394 | 11,427 | 12,619 | 13,096 | 13,550 | 14,138 | |||||||||||
Total expenditure per pupil in ADA14,15 | 16 | 13 | 17 | 20 | 33 | 64 | 108 | 106 | 260 | 471 | 955 | 2,491 | 5,547 | 8,589 | 13,035 | 14,171 | 14,780 | 15,385 | 16,122 | |||||||||||
National income per pupil in ADA14 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4,430 | 3,738 | 10,757 | 14,127 | 21,396 | 58,510 | 125,931 | 189,275 | 262,522 | 333,336 | 339,063 | 355,176 | 374,694 | |||||||||||
Current expenditure per day per pupil in |
--- | --- | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.33 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 1.17 | 2.11 | 4.56 | 12.73 | --- | 41.22 | 64.00 | 70.42 | 73.09 | 75.61 | 78.92 | |||||||||||
Total expenditure per day per pupil in ADA14 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.40 | 0.63 | 0.60 | 1.46 | 2.65 | 5.34 | 13.95 | --- | 47.90 | 73.02 | 79.10 | 82.48 | 85.86 | 89.99 | |||||||||||
Total expenditure per pupil2,15 | 8.38 | 7.91 | 11.04 | 13.87 | 23.93 | 47.87 | 89.84 | 91.64 | 231.05 | 428.98 | 879.20 | 2,289.60 | 5,174.47 | 8,032.52 | 12,128.25 | 13,277.50 | 13,808.65 | 14,336.51 | 15,000.55 | |||||||||||
Amounts in constant 2020-21 dollars17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues and expenditures | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue receipts (in millions) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | $13,395 | $32,109 | $42,566 | $60,413 | $132,069 | $280,510 | $328,396 | $432,207 | $579,712 | $724,114 | $747,927 | $764,372 | $778,706 | $794,557 | |||||||||||
Federal government | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 34 | 113 | 750 | 1,732 | 5,836 | 22,428 | 32,214 | 26,322 | 42,121 | 92,274 | 61,819 | 62,149 | 60,817 | 62,693 | |||||||||||
State governments | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2,210 | 5,437 | 12,886 | 24,064 | 51,658 | 111,898 | 153,718 | 203,596 | 286,967 | 314,302 | 350,827 | 359,303 | 364,780 | 370,928 | |||||||||||
Local sources, including intermediate | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 11,151 | 26,559 | 28,930 | 34,618 | 74,575 | 146,184 | 142,464 | 202,289 | 250,623 | 317,538 | 335,280 | 342,920 | 353,108 | 360,935 | |||||||||||
Total expenditures for public schools |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | $14,307 | $35,618 | $44,139 | $64,864 | $139,831 | $283,412 | $325,279 | $440,957 | $593,537 | $737,017 | $748,354 | $766,522 | $779,376 | $799,048 | |||||||||||
Current expenditures7 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 11,890 | 28,342 | 36,564 | 52,082 | 110,421 | 8 | 238,370 | 8 | 294,848 | 8 | 390,098 | 8 | 503,459 | 8 | 637,088 | 8 | 658,451 | 8 | 671,597 | 8 | 678,704 | 8 | 692,888 | 8 | |
Capital outlay9 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2,120 | 5,702 | 4,858 | 11,269 | 23,839 | 32,456 | 22,054 | 36,851 | 67,395 | 68,861 | 61,835 | 66,476 | 71,424 | 75,985 | |||||||||||
Interest on school debt | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 251 | 1,423 | 2,465 | 1,118 | 4,384 | 8,156 | 6,351 | 7,826 | 14,200 | 20,923 | 19,328 | 19,887 | 20,528 | 21,240 | |||||||||||
Other current expenditures10 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 45 | 151 | 252 | 396 | 1,187 | 4,429 | 2,026 | 11 | 6,181 | 8,482 | 10,145 | 8,740 | 8,562 | 8,720 | 8,936 | ||||||||||
Teacher salaries; income and expenditures |
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Annual salary of classroom teachers12 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | $12,027 | $21,831 | $27,134 | $33,445 | $44,735 | $60,091 | $54,133 | $65,007 | $64,986 | $67,228 | $64,615 | $64,820 | $64,466 | $64,788 | |||||||||||
Personal income per member of labor force1 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 26,665 | 25,093 | 38,273 | 52,777 | 69,055 | 67,259 | 77,391 | 89,303 | 95,156 | 110,246 | 109,660 | 111,468 | 113,509 | |||||||||||
Total school expenditures per capita of total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 137 | 292 | 337 | 435 | 786 | 1,407 | 1,445 | 1,787 | 2,127 | 2,402 | 2,333 | 2,373 | 2,397 | 2,445 | |||||||||||
National income per capita1 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 11,882 | 11,842 | 17,853 | 23,106 | 31,036 | 33,742 | 39,969 | 46,189 | 47,711 | 54,231 | 53,820 | 54,720 | 56,184 | |||||||||||
Current expenditure per pupil in ADA7,13,14 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 736 | 1,333 | 1,659 | 2,337 | 3,360 | 5,684 | 7,701 | 10,320 | 11,493 | 13,874 | 13,936 | 14,202 | 14,370 | 14,690 | |||||||||||
Total expenditure per pupil in ADA14,15 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 883 | 1,668 | 1,991 | 2,893 | 4,218 | 6,653 | 8,442 | 11,496 | 13,351 | 15,827 | 15,650 | 16,029 | 16,317 | 16,751 | |||||||||||
National income per pupil in ADA14 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 68,102 | 70,393 | 119,521 | 126,519 | 149,047 | 198,332 | 260,987 | 294,212 | 318,744 | 368,140 | 367,700 | 376,683 | 389,315 | |||||||||||
Current expenditure per day per pupil in |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4.6 | 7.7 | 9.4 | 13.0 | 18.9 | 31.8 | 43.1 | --- | 64.1 | 77.7 | 77.8 | 79.3 | 80.2 | 82.0 | |||||||||||
Total expenditure per day per pupil in ADA14 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.5 | 9.7 | 11.3 | 16.2 | 23.7 | 37.2 | 47.3 | --- | 74.4 | 88.7 | 87.4 | 89.5 | 91.1 | 93.5 | |||||||||||
Total expenditure per pupil2,15 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 660.9 | 1,381.2 | 1,725.5 | 2,567.2 | 3,841.9 | 6,124.8 | 7,761.0 | 8,043.3 | 12,485.9 | 14,725.6 | 14,663.8 | 14,974.9 | 15,204.6 | 15,585.9 |
---Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 Data on population and labor force are from the Census Bureau, and data on personal income and national income are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. Population data through 1900 are based on total population from the decennial census. From 1909-10 to 1959-60, population data are total population, including armed forces overseas, as of July 1. Data for later years are for resident population that excludes armed forces overseas. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 Data for 1869-70 through 1959-60 are school year enrollment. Data for later years are fall enrollment. The total counts of ungraded students and those whose grade was not specified were prorated into either the prekindergarten through grade 8 level or the grades 9 through 12 level based on the known grade-level distribution of a state. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 Data for 1870-71. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 Estimated by the National Center for Education Statistics. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 Prior to 1919-20, data are for the number of different persons employed rather than number of positions. Prior to 1959-60, a small number of other instructional staff are included with teachers. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 Unadjusted (or "current") dollars have not been adjusted to compensate for inflation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7 Prior to 1919-20, includes interest on school debt. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 Because of the modification of the scope of "current expenditures for elementary and secondary schools," data for 1959-60 and later years are not entirely comparable with prior years. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9 Beginning in 1969-70, includes capital outlay by state and local school building authorities. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 Includes summer schools, community colleges, and adult education. Beginning in 1959-60, also includes community services, formerly classified with "current expenditures for elementary and secondary schools." | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
11 Excludes community colleges and adult education. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 Prior to 1959-60, average includes supervisors, principals, teachers, and other nonsupervisory instructional staff. Data for 1959-60 and later years are estimated by the National Education Association. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13 Excludes current expenditures not allocable to pupil costs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
14 "ADA" means average daily attendance in elementary and secondary schools. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 Expenditure figure is the sum of current expenditures allocable to pupil costs, capital outlay, and interest on school debt. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 Per-day rates derived by dividing annual rates by average length of term. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
17 Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis. No Consumer Price Index data available for years prior to 1919-20. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NOTE: Data in this table represent the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Beginning in 1959-60, data include Alaska and Hawaii. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Annual Report of the United States Commissioner of Education, 1869-70 through 1909-10; Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1919-20 through 1949-50; Statistics of State School Systems, 1959-60 and 1969-70; Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary School Systems, 1979-80; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, FY 1980; Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS), "Public School Questionnaire," 1999-2000, 2007-08, and 2011-12; Common Core of Data (CCD), "State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education," 1989-90 through 2018-19; "National Public Education Financial Survey," 1989-90 through 2018-19; "State Dropout and Completion Data File," 2012-13; and National Teacher and Principal Survey (NTPS), "Public School Data File," 2015-16 and 2017-18. U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, retrieved October 11, 2021, from https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/technical-documentation/research/evaluation-estimates/2020-evaluation-estimates/2010s-national-detail.html; Bureau of Economic Analysis, retrieved April 21, 2022, from https://www.bea.gov/itable/. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, retrieved April 21, 2022, from https://stats.bls.gov/cps/tables.htm#empstat. National Education Association, Estimates of School Statistics, 1960 through 2021; and unpublished tabulations. (This table was prepared April 2022.) |