Table 102.62.

Percentage of children under age 18 living in poverty, by parents' highest level of educational attainment and child's race/ethnicity: 2010 and 2020

[Standard errors appear in parentheses]
Year and race/ethnicity	Percent in poverty, all children under age 18 who resided with at least one parent1			Percent of children in poverty, by highest level of education attained by any parent residing with child1
				Less than high school completion			High school completion2			Some college, no degree			Associate's degree			Bachelor's or higher degree
																Total			Bachelor's degree			Master's degree			Doctor's degree3
1	2			3			4			5			6			7			8			9			10
2010
Total	21.2		(0.31)	58.6		(1.14)	33.4		(0.76)	22.9		(0.70)	13.5		(0.78)	4.4		(0.26)	6.0		(0.42)	2.1		(0.27)	2.3		(0.54)
White	11.5		(0.35)	55.8		(2.87)	23.0		(1.03)	16.4		(0.98)	8.7		(0.71)	3.2		(0.27)	4.4		(0.44)	1.5		(0.27)	1.8		(0.53)
Black	39.2		(1.21)	77.8		(2.82)	49.9		(2.00)	40.0		(2.01)	27.7		(3.26)	8.3		(1.26)	11.1		(1.88)	3.5	!	(1.12)	‡		(†)
Hispanic	34.4		(0.81)	55.3		(1.53)	38.3		(1.50)	23.0		(1.48)	17.8		(1.94)	8.9		(1.01)	10.4		(1.33)	5.6	!	(1.96)	‡		(†)
Asian	13.7		(1.33)	39.8		(7.85)	29.6		(4.88)	20.0		(5.86)	14.7	!	(5.48)	5.7		(1.07)	8.5		(1.92)	2.9	!	(1.03)	‡		(†)
Pacific Islander	30.5		(6.22)	‡		(†)	40.3		(11.06)	26.2	!	(11.71)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
American Indian/Alaska Native	30.6		(4.86)	39.6	!	(13.28)	38.3	!	(11.78)	38.4		(8.00)	13.5	!	(5.57)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
Two or more races	22.4		(1.74)	77.6		(5.98)	38.6		(3.97)	23.1		(3.27)	17.8		(4.07)	3.1	!	(1.12)	4.8	!	(1.80)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
2020
Total	15.5		(0.34)	43.6		(1.79)	28.4		(0.94)	21.3		(1.04)	12.2		(0.83)	4.3		(0.30)	5.8		(0.50)	2.4		(0.38)	3.1		(0.68)
White	9.2		(0.35)	34.4		(3.61)	22.1		(1.28)	18.2		(1.41)	7.6		(0.82)	3.4		(0.32)	4.5		(0.52)	2.2		(0.46)	2.2	!	(0.71)
Black	27.5		(1.36)	61.6		(4.96)	41.7		(2.74)	32.0		(2.70)	21.9		(3.25)	6.8		(1.36)	11.3		(2.41)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
Hispanic	22.7		(0.79)	42.0		(2.15)	26.6		(1.46)	19.3		(1.69)	17.2		(2.01)	7.6		(1.02)	8.8		(1.43)	5.3		(1.55)	6.6	!	(2.91)
Asian	7.3		(0.98)	48.6		(11.28)	20.7		(5.02)	16.9	!	(5.39)	‡		(†)	3.2		(0.78)	4.4		(1.27)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
Pacific Islander	14.4	!	(6.19)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
American Indian/Alaska Native	27.8		(4.26)	79.8		(10.98)	42.3		(9.99)	18.6	!	(7.42)	12.2	!	(5.59)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
Two or more races	15.3		(1.49)	44.2		(10.94)	43.1		(5.23)	19.4		(4.24)	11.0		(3.14)	3.2	!	(1.08)	2.4	!	(1.20)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)

†Not applicable.

!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.

‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater.

1 Parents include adoptive and stepparents, but exclude parents not residing in the same household as their children.

2 Includes parents who completed high school through equivalency programs, such as a GED program.

3 Includes parents with professional degrees.

NOTE: Data are based on sample surveys of the noninstitutionalized population, but this table includes only related children under age 18 who resided with at least one of their parents (including an adoptive or stepparent). Related children include all children who live in a household and are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption (except a child who is the spouse of the householder). The householder is the person (or one of the people) who owns or rents (maintains) the housing unit. Poverty status is determined by the Census Bureau using a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition. For additional information about poverty status, see https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/poverty/guidance/poverty-measures.html. Caution should be used when comparing 2020 estimates to those of prior years due to the impact that the coronavirus pandemic had on interviewing and response rates. For additional information about the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the Current Population Survey data collection, please see https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar21.pdf. The data source for this table changed from the American Community Survey to the Current Population Survey for Digest 2021. Comparison should not be made with prior versions of the table. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Survey (CPS), Annual Social and Economic Supplement, 2011 and 2021. (This table was prepared February 2022.)