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| 2020 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 102.51. | Supplemental Poverty Measure estimates for all persons, persons in families, and related children under age 18, by race/ethnicity: 2009 through 2019 |
| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race/ ethnicity and year | Number below the poverty level based on Supplemental Poverty Measure (in thousands) | Percent below the poverty level based on Supplemental Poverty Measure | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| All persons | In all families1 | In families with female householder, no spouse present | All persons | In all families1 | In families with female householder, no spouse present |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Householder2 | Related children under 183 |
Total | Related children under 183 | Total | House-holder2 | Related children under 183 | Total | Related children under 183 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | ||||||||||||
| Total4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2009 | 45,927 | (529.5) | 34,003 | (482.2) | 10,133 | (139.0) | 12,331 | (233.6) | 12,912 | (323.0) | 5,843 | (168.8) | 15.1 | (0.17) | 13.6 | (0.20) | 12.8 | (0.17) | 16.8 | (0.32) | 28.5 | (0.65) | 32.6 | (0.82) |
| 2010 | 48,631 | (560.3) | 35,603 | (491.9) | 10,535 | (144.1) | 12,951 | (225.2) | 14,133 | (307.9) | 6,507 | (159.7) | 15.9 | (0.18) | 14.2 | (0.20) | 13.4 | (0.18) | 17.7 | (0.31) | 30.4 | (0.56) | 35.3 | (0.73) |
| 2011 | 49,603 | (541.1) | 36,709 | (506.3) | 11,075 | (152.7) | 12,965 | (220.0) | 14,926 | (302.0) | 6,833 | (164.2) | 16.1 | (0.18) | 14.5 | (0.20) | 13.8 | (0.18) | 17.9 | (0.30) | 31.0 | (0.57) | 36.1 | (0.77) |
| 2012 | 49,690 | (555.1) | 36,709 | (505.3) | 11,118 | (148.3) | 12,945 | (216.8) | 14,105 | (348.3) | 6,477 | (184.1) | 16.0 | (0.18) | 14.5 | (0.20) | 13.7 | (0.18) | 17.8 | (0.30) | 30.0 | (0.62) | 35.3 | (0.79) |
| 2013 | 48,603 | (629.7) | 35,550 | (549.9) | 10,778 | (155.0) | 11,827 | (233.1) | 13,694 | (378.8) | 6,080 | (188.6) | 15.5 | (0.20) | 13.9 | (0.22) | 13.3 | (0.19) | 16.3 | (0.32) | 29.1 | (0.73) | 33.5 | (0.88) |
2014 |
48,253 | (525.3) | 35,217 | (471.3) | 10,787 | (144.3) | 11,907 | (223.3) | 13,784 | (295.3) | 6,075 | (152.3) | 15.3 | (0.17) | 13.7 | (0.18) | 13.2 | (0.17) | 16.4 | (0.31) | 28.7 | (0.53) | 33.2 | (0.69) |
| 2015 | 45,664 | (549.8) | 33,243 | (518.4) | 10,121 | (148.4) | 11,526 | (223.7) | 12,749 | (304.9) | 5,673 | (158.9) | 14.3 | (0.17) | 12.9 | (0.20) | 12.3 | (0.17) | 15.9 | (0.30) | 26.3 | (0.55) | 30.8 | (0.74) |
| 2016 | 44,558 | (487.5) | 32,216 | (452.4) | 9,914 | (141.1) | 10,870 | (206.0) | 12,593 | (300.3) | 5,648 | (159.0) | 13.9 | (0.15) | 12.4 | (0.17) | 12.0 | (0.17) | 15.0 | (0.28) | 26.1 | (0.57) | 31.2 | (0.77) |
| 2017 | 44,810 | (598.7) | 32,163 | (518.1) | 9,874 | (163.0) | 11,122 | (236.6) | 12,357 | (292.8) | 5,412 | (159.8) | 13.9 | (0.19) | 12.3 | (0.20) | 11.9 | (0.19) | 15.3 | (0.32) | 25.7 | (0.55) | 30.5 | (0.75) |
| 20185 | 41,227 | (518.0) | 29,266 | (453.4) | 9,047 | (140.7) | 9,762 | (232.3) | 11,317 | (297.5) | 4,934 | (164.6) | 12.7 | (0.16) | 11.2 | (0.17) | 10.8 | (0.17) | 13.5 | (0.32) | 24.3 | (0.55) | 28.9 | (0.83) |
| 20195 | 37,988 | (546.5) | 26,889 | (490.0) | 8,321 | (150.8) | 8,804 | (207.9) | 10,389 | (301.5) | 4,504 | (156.7) | 11.7 | (0.17) | 10.2 | (0.18) | 9.9 | (0.17) | 12.3 | (0.29) | 22.5 | (0.60) | 26.9 | (0.83) |
White |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2009 | 20,422 | (351.3) | 13,393 | (299.8) | 4,796 | (104.0) | 3,810 | (122.2) | 4,046 | (164.4) | 1,572 | (77.5) | 10.4 | (0.18) | 8.4 | (0.19) | 8.8 | (0.19) | 9.4 | (0.30) | 21.3 | (0.76) | 24.6 | (1.05) |
| 2010 | 21,746 | (371.8) | 13,972 | (303.9) | 4,917 | (109.0) | 3,894 | (122.4) | 4,242 | (162.1) | 1,660 | (72.1) | 11.0 | (0.19) | 8.9 | (0.20) | 9.1 | (0.20) | 9.8 | (0.31) | 21.9 | (0.73) | 25.5 | (0.99) |
| 2011 | 21,436 | (344.0) | 13,972 | (305.6) | 4,993 | (105.1) | 3,788 | (122.9) | 4,299 | (156.4) | 1,675 | (75.3) | 11.0 | (0.18) | 9.0 | (0.19) | 9.2 | (0.19) | 9.9 | (0.32) | 21.6 | (0.66) | 25.6 | (0.96) |
| 2012 | 20,923 | (357.6) | 13,561 | (289.1) | 4,870 | (102.4) | 3,582 | (113.1) | 3,972 | (147.3) | 1,510 | (69.0) | 10.7 | (0.18) | 8.7 | (0.19) | 9.0 | (0.19) | 9.4 | (0.30) | 20.7 | (0.70) | 24.6 | (0.98) |
| 2013 | 20,894 | (396.1) | 13,203 | (336.3) | 4,765 | (116.7) | 3,226 | (128.2) | 3,988 | (201.2) | 1,409 | (83.9) | 10.7 | (0.20) | 8.5 | (0.22) | 8.9 | (0.21) | 8.5 | (0.34) | 21.1 | (0.95) | 23.7 | (1.26) |
2014 |
20,837 | (345.2) | 13,278 | (301.3) | 4,717 | (108.1) | 3,513 | (115.1) | 3,980 | (159.5) | 1,478 | (72.8) | 10.7 | (0.18) | 8.6 | (0.20) | 8.8 | (0.20) | 9.4 | (0.31) | 20.9 | (0.72) | 24.3 | (1.02) |
| 2015 | 19,700 | (335.1) | 12,794 | (303.1) | 4,498 | (102.9) | 3,743 | (130.2) | 3,836 | (156.5) | 1,581 | (77.9) | 10.1 | (0.17) | 8.3 | (0.19) | 8.4 | (0.18) | 10.0 | (0.35) | 19.8 | (0.73) | 25.0 | (1.08) |
| 2016 | 19,327 | (346.3) | 12,191 | (282.5) | 4,468 | (106.9) | 3,132 | (101.8) | 3,770 | (142.9) | 1,513 | (70.1) | 9.9 | (0.18) | 7.9 | (0.18) | 8.3 | (0.19) | 8.5 | (0.28) | 19.4 | (0.70) | 24.5 | (1.10) |
| 2017 | 19,198 | (356.2) | 12,260 | (302.6) | 4,319 | (102.1) | 3,429 | (116.1) | 3,529 | (152.1) | 1,363 | (76.2) | 9.8 | (0.18) | 8.0 | (0.19) | 8.0 | (0.18) | 9.4 | (0.31) | 19.0 | (0.72) | 23.2 | (1.08) |
| 20185 | 16,863 | (316.4) | 10,416 | (274.7) | 3,832 | (99.2) | 2,489 | (100.7) | 3,132 | (133.0) | 1,111 | (63.9) | 8.7 | (0.16) | 6.7 | (0.18) | 7.1 | (0.18) | 6.9 | (0.27) | 17.2 | (0.61) | 20.1 | (1.02) |
| 20195 | 15,842 | (301.7) | 9,632 | (274.1) | 3,548 | (102.9) | 2,433 | (103.8) | 2,749 | (143.5) | 1,022 | (71.7) | 8.1 | (0.15) | 6.2 | (0.17) | 6.5 | (0.18) | 6.8 | (0.29) | 15.7 | (0.75) | 19.1 | (1.19) |
Black |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2009 | 8,452 | (214.3) | 6,487 | (191.4) | 1,903 | (55.9) | 2,640 | (96.4) | 4,257 | (168.4) | 1,964 | (89.4) | 22.9 | (0.58) | 21.7 | (0.64) | 21.1 | (0.56) | 25.3 | (0.94) | 32.6 | (1.07) | 35.0 | (1.35) |
| 2010 | 9,327 | (230.4) | 7,080 | (211.8) | 2,081 | (65.9) | 2,936 | (105.2) | 4,739 | (167.8) | 2,218 | (93.8) | 25.1 | (0.61) | 23.8 | (0.72) | 23.0 | (0.67) | 28.7 | (1.03) | 34.8 | (1.13) | 38.0 | (1.41) |
| 2011 | 9,380 | (242.4) | 7,096 | (227.8) | 2,066 | (69.8) | 2,895 | (114.6) | 4,728 | (185.2) | 2,232 | (102.1) | 25.3 | (0.65) | 24.0 | (0.76) | 22.6 | (0.71) | 28.9 | (1.13) | 35.7 | (1.16) | 39.6 | (1.54) |
| 2012 | 9,623 | (235.6) | 7,348 | (233.0) | 2,213 | (72.2) | 2,877 | (114.0) | 4,633 | (190.7) | 2,147 | (103.3) | 25.6 | (0.63) | 24.6 | (0.77) | 23.8 | (0.74) | 28.8 | (1.14) | 35.6 | (1.24) | 39.1 | (1.54) |
| 2013 | 9,294 | (275.9) | 7,066 | (252.1) | 2,017 | (67.3) | 2,777 | (121.2) | 4,395 | (200.6) | 2,056 | (111.1) | 24.6 | (0.74) | 23.5 | (0.85) | 21.7 | (0.74) | 28.0 | (1.22) | 34.3 | (1.39) | 37.8 | (1.80) |
2014 |
8,904 | (207.2) | 6,664 | (180.0) | 1,979 | (56.9) | 2,621 | (101.2) | 4,232 | (150.3) | 1,964 | (86.4) | 23.1 | (0.53) | 21.9 | (0.59) | 21.2 | (0.54) | 26.1 | (0.99) | 32.1 | (1.02) | 35.7 | (1.40) |
| 2015 | 8,944 | (242.2) | 6,539 | (229.3) | 1,945 | (64.8) | 2,415 | (102.4) | 4,049 | (186.8) | 1,768 | (94.7) | 22.8 | (0.62) | 21.2 | (0.73) | 20.8 | (0.64) | 24.0 | (1.00) | 29.7 | (1.17) | 31.7 | (1.48) |
| 2016 | 8,411 | (225.1) | 6,177 | (215.0) | 1,830 | (64.1) | 2,440 | (109.6) | 3,986 | (189.4) | 1,856 | (101.3) | 21.5 | (0.57) | 20.0 | (0.69) | 19.5 | (0.63) | 24.2 | (1.07) | 30.7 | (1.26) | 34.6 | (1.60) |
| 2017 | 8,642 | (245.1) | 6,173 | (218.4) | 1,873 | (67.4) | 2,425 | (113.0) | 4,080 | (182.9) | 1,813 | (98.3) | 21.8 | (0.61) | 20.0 | (0.71) | 19.8 | (0.68) | 24.3 | (1.12) | 31.0 | (1.23) | 34.6 | (1.66) |
| 20185 | 8,104 | (252.2) | 5,918 | (226.8) | 1,727 | (65.1) | 2,376 | (114.4) | 3,619 | (187.0) | 1,690 | (94.7) | 20.4 | (0.63) | 19.3 | (0.74) | 18.9 | (0.68) | 23.8 | (1.16) | 28.7 | (1.26) | 33.5 | (1.65) |
| 20195 | 7,298 | (233.1) | 5,213 | (218.4) | 1,543 | (61.5) | 1,914 | (102.6) | 3,277 | (173.0) | 1,483 | (94.3) | 18.2 | (0.57) | 16.5 | (0.68) | 16.5 | (0.62) | 19.4 | (1.04) | 25.3 | (1.15) | 29.1 | (1.57) |
Hispanic |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2009 | 13,329 | (281.7) | 11,239 | (271.8) | 2,674 | (64.6) | 4,879 | (132.5) | 3,842 | (168.4) | 1,953 | (89.5) | 27.3 | (0.58) | 26.3 | (0.63) | 25.7 | (0.59) | 29.3 | (0.80) | 37.4 | (1.36) | 41.9 | (1.58) |
| 2010 | 13,845 | (279.4) | 11,669 | (262.5) | 2,791 | (63.3) | 5,109 | (136.5) | 4,331 | (160.6) | 2,227 | (94.3) | 27.8 | (0.56) | 26.7 | (0.59) | 26.2 | (0.53) | 30.0 | (0.80) | 41.5 | (1.19) | 46.8 | (1.51) |
| 2011 | 14,571 | (303.9) | 12,397 | (284.6) | 3,081 | (71.5) | 5,210 | (132.0) | 4,907 | (180.7) | 2,473 | (99.6) | 27.9 | (0.58) | 27.1 | (0.63) | 26.6 | (0.62) | 30.2 | (0.77) | 43.2 | (1.25) | 47.5 | (1.45) |
| 2012 | 14,799 | (273.5) | 12,443 | (264.0) | 3,170 | (69.8) | 5,212 | (127.6) | 4,492 | (172.7) | 2,315 | (99.3) | 27.9 | (0.52) | 26.9 | (0.56) | 26.5 | (0.52) | 30.1 | (0.74) | 39.9 | (1.16) | 45.1 | (1.49) |
| 2013 | 14,062 | (338.9) | 11,883 | (318.0) | 3,032 | (80.7) | 4,747 | (143.6) | 4,371 | (193.5) | 2,175 | (103.4) | 26.0 | (0.62) | 25.1 | (0.67) | 25.0 | (0.65) | 27.0 | (0.82) | 37.4 | (1.46) | 41.2 | (1.70) |
2014 |
14,106 | (269.5) | 11,878 | (258.3) | 3,123 | (65.7) | 4,684 | (130.6) | 4,551 | (177.6) | 2,190 | (92.8) | 25.4 | (0.49) | 24.6 | (0.53) | 25.1 | (0.51) | 26.6 | (0.73) | 38.2 | (1.20) | 42.7 | (1.41) |
| 2015 | 12,711 | (290.3) | 10,780 | (278.9) | 2,787 | (75.0) | 4,363 | (131.6) | 3,995 | (174.1) | 1,918 | (96.6) | 22.4 | (0.51) | 21.8 | (0.57) | 21.8 | (0.56) | 24.3 | (0.73) | 33.6 | (1.21) | 37.9 | (1.59) |
| 2016 | 12,645 | (262.6) | 10,733 | (258.7) | 2,748 | (68.1) | 4,305 | (129.7) | 3,901 | (166.0) | 1,872 | (94.3) | 22.0 | (0.46) | 21.2 | (0.51) | 21.1 | (0.49) | 23.7 | (0.72) | 32.7 | (1.16) | 37.3 | (1.49) |
| 2017 | 12,601 | (294.5) | 10,455 | (274.3) | 2,745 | (71.5) | 4,192 | (140.9) | 3,873 | (159.9) | 1,847 | (94.2) | 21.3 | (0.50) | 20.3 | (0.53) | 20.8 | (0.51) | 22.9 | (0.76) | 31.6 | (1.08) | 36.6 | (1.53) |
| 20185 | 12,134 | (267.3) | 9,919 | (246.9) | 2,580 | (68.0) | 3,957 | (133.6) | 3,606 | (167.2) | 1,699 | (94.3) | 20.2 | (0.45) | 19.1 | (0.47) | 19.4 | (0.49) | 21.4 | (0.72) | 30.2 | (1.24) | 34.3 | (1.58) |
| 20195 | 11,424 | (288.7) | 9,499 | (271.6) | 2,464 | (71.1) | 3,694 | (127.5) | 3,532 | (185.7) | 1,616 | (99.8) | 18.9 | (0.48) | 18.0 | (0.52) | 18.7 | (0.54) | 20.1 | (0.69) | 28.8 | (1.33) | 33.0 | (1.76) |
Asian |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2009 | 2,403 | (109.7) | 1,894 | (102.8) | 529 | (28.1) | 547 | (42.3) | 308 | (43.0) | 107 | (17.7) | 17.6 | (0.78) | 15.8 | (0.84) | 15.0 | (0.76) | 17.3 | (1.30) | 23.5 | (3.00) | 31.5 | (4.46) |
| 2010 | 2,262 | (113.2) | 1,747 | (113.4) | 504 | (29.8) | 440 | (42.4) | 346 | (50.0) | 105 | (17.1) | 16.1 | (0.80) | 14.3 | (0.91) | 14.5 | (0.84) | 13.9 | (1.31) | 26.7 | (3.25) | 31.1 | (4.30) |
| 2011 | 2,618 | (125.6) | 2,006 | (114.5) | 620 | (34.5) | 475 | (40.5) | 357 | (52.5) | 94 | (21.3) | 17.0 | (0.80) | 14.9 | (0.84) | 15.5 | (0.84) | 14.2 | (1.20) | 25.0 | (3.27) | 26.1 | (5.25) |
| 2012 | 2,628 | (127.7) | 2,018 | (123.4) | 556 | (33.6) | 556 | (48.0) | 368 | (49.0) | 122 | (23.4) | 16.5 | (0.79) | 14.7 | (0.88) | 13.9 | (0.78) | 16.5 | (1.43) | 26.2 | (2.80) | 37.1 | (5.47) |
| 2013 | 2,760 | (160.0) | 2,138 | (149.5) | 658 | (42.9) | 494 | (51.7) | 360 | (58.4) | 94 | (21.2) | 16.6 | (0.93) | 14.7 | (1.00) | 15.4 | (0.93) | 14.2 | (1.45) | 22.5 | (3.39) | 25.7 | (5.46) |
2014 |
2,908 | (148.7) | 2,200 | (132.2) | 664 | (36.7) | 521 | (47.0) | 412 | (46.8) | 108 | (17.6) | 16.8 | (0.83) | 14.7 | (0.87) | 15.0 | (0.79) | 14.7 | (1.31) | 24.9 | (2.55) | 28.3 | (4.06) |
| 2015 | 2,847 | (138.8) | 2,036 | (126.1) | 631 | (36.9) | 484 | (46.6) | 296 | (42.3) | 81 | (15.7) | 16.1 | (0.77) | 13.4 | (0.82) | 13.8 | (0.79) | 13.7 | (1.30) | 21.6 | (2.75) | 30.2 | (4.99) |
| 2016 | 2,656 | (118.7) | 1,895 | (108.1) | 578 | (33.4) | 428 | (39.2) | 371 | (48.1) | 94 | (17.1) | 14.5 | (0.65) | 12.0 | (0.68) | 12.5 | (0.71) | 11.7 | (1.06) | 23.5 | (2.74) | 32.0 | (5.26) |
| 2017 | 2,872 | (122.6) | 2,153 | (120.8) | 675 | (35.0) | 541 | (45.1) | 361 | (50.5) | 90 | (18.8) | 15.2 | (0.65) | 13.4 | (0.75) | 14.0 | (0.70) | 14.3 | (1.19) | 21.7 | (2.82) | 24.4 | (4.52) |
| 20185 | 2,670 | (130.1) | 1,909 | (123.1) | 635 | (39.4) | 429 | (43.9) | 416 | (55.4) | 122 | (22.7) | 13.9 | (0.68) | 11.7 | (0.75) | 12.7 | (0.80) | 11.3 | (1.14) | 26.0 | (3.15) | 31.8 | (4.77) |
| 20195 | 2,222 | (111.3) | 1,662 | (107.3) | 528 | (32.9) | 343 | (36.7) | 350 | (52.8) | 96 | (21.9) | 11.5 | (0.58) | 10.0 | (0.65) | 10.5 | (0.64) | 9.28 | (1.00) | 23.9 | (3.22) | 33.4 | (5.87) |
| 1 Persons in family households, which consist of two or more people who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption and are residing together. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 Refers to the person who owns or rents (maintains) the housing unit. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Refers to all children in the household who are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption (except a child who is the spouse of the householder). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Total includes other racial/ethnic groups not shown separately. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 The U.S. Census Bureau has been engaged in implementing improvements to the income, health insurance, and demographic content of the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC). Due to changes to the data processing system, which resulted in statistically significant differences in the Supplemental Poverty Measure estimates between the new and legacy processing systems, use caution when comparing 2018 and 2019 data to earlier years. For more information, see https://www.census.gov/newsroom/blogs/research-matters/2019/09/cps-asec.html. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Data are based on sample surveys of the noninstitutionalized population, which excludes persons living in institutions (e.g., prisons or nursing facilities); data include military personnel who live in households with civilians but exclude those who live in military barracks. The estimates in this table are for the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM), whereas poverty estimates in other tables are for the official poverty measure. The official poverty measure consists of a set of thresholds for families of different sizes and compositions that are compared with before-tax cash income to determine a family's poverty status. The SPM extends the information provided by the official poverty measure by adding to family income the value of benefits from many government programs designed to assist low-income families, subtracting taxes and necessary expenses such as child care costs (for working families) and medical expenses, and adjusting poverty thresholds for differences in housing costs. For more information about the SPM, see https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/supplemental-poverty-measure.html. SPM estimates can be generated only from the Current Population Survey (CPS). Official poverty estimates generated from the CPS are presented in table 102.50. To match the population included in the official poverty measure, SPM estimates presented in this table exclude unrelated children under age 15. Caution should be used when comparing 2019 estimates to those of prior years due to the impact that the coronavirus pandemic had on interviewing and response rates. For additional information about the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the CPS data collection, please see https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar20.pdf. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) Research Files, 2009 through 2017; and Current Population Survey (CPS), Annual Social and Economic Supplement, 2019 and 2020. (This table was prepared March 2021.) |
