Table 316.81.

Percentage of full-time faculty (instruction, research, and public service) with tenure at degree-granting postsecondary institutions with a tenure system, by control, level, and state: 2018-19

State	All insti- tutions	Public institutions						Nonprofit institutions						For-profit insti- tutions
		Total	4-year institutions				2-year	Total	4-year institutions				2-year
			Total	Doc- toral1	Mas- ter's2	Other			Total	Doc- toral1	Mas- ter's2	Other
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
United States	45.1	46.9	44.5	42.2	52.8	54.7	62.8	41.4	41.4	37.6	50.0	55.2	28.9	12.8
Alabama	46.1	47.3	41.8	40.6	48.1	†	72.7	37.0	37.0	43.0	34.2	28.1	†	†
Alaska	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.1	48.7	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Arizona	42.3	44.8	40.8	41.2	35.8	†	66.2	28.1	28.1	23.7	36.7	†	†	1.0
Arkansas	40.4	39.3	40.1	43.2	38.0	5.7	15.7	54.2	54.2	†	†	54.2	†	†
California	51.1	53.1	48.1	47.2	49.1	53.9	63.2	44.4	44.4	42.1	48.4	64.5	†	†
Colorado	32.9	31.7	30.5	27.3	50.4	61.3	69.9	43.5	43.5	39.8	59.5	†	†	†
Connecticut	44.5	57.9	55.7	46.8	69.5	†	67.5	36.2	36.2	34.9	43.2	52.7	†	42.9
Delaware	55.2	54.7	54.7	54.7	†	†	†	65.4	65.4	†	65.4	†	†	†
District of Columbia	48.0	52.7	52.7	60.9	51.7	†	†	47.7	47.7	47.8	43.9	†	†	†
Florida	41.6	44.9	44.6	37.7	41.8	61.7	70.7	30.2	30.2	26.7	37.5	43.8	†	42.3
Georgia	42.5	46.6	46.3	46.2	49.3	43.1	53.2	32.4	32.3	28.2	35.3	52.0	35.2	93.8
Hawaii	56.2	60.1	59.9	60.8	†	50.9	60.8	15.4	15.4	†	15.4	†	†	†
Idaho	46.4	46.1	44.9	45.2	†	41.1	63.7	50.6	50.6	50.0	†	51.3	†	†
Illinois	51.9	60.4	48.9	47.1	59.8	†	86.4	43.0	43.0	40.1	52.0	56.5	†	†
Indiana	45.2	43.0	43.0	42.6	46.6	25.0	†	50.6	50.8	48.6	50.4	59.5	5.6	‡
Iowa	50.4	48.8	48.8	48.8	†	†	†	53.8	53.8	54.7	49.3	56.7	†	32.6
Kansas	47.7	48.3	44.8	43.8	50.1	†	67.2	42.4	42.4	44.5	41.3	43.1	†	†
Kentucky	44.9	45.0	46.2	45.7	54.4	†	38.4	44.7	44.7	36.8	45.0	54.8	†	†
Louisiana	36.4	36.1	41.3	38.5	47.8	45.1	8.2	37.7	37.7	36.7	50.8	37.9	†	†
Maine	50.5	52.9	52.9	50.2	61.3	60.8	†	47.6	47.6	34.2	36.8	55.2	†	†
Maryland	32.4	34.4	36.4	34.3	53.9	58.6	24.6	28.8	28.8	25.6	54.4	49.1	†	†
Massachusetts	47.6	51.5	48.1	41.5	63.7	†	64.5	45.6	45.6	44.1	47.2	56.9	†	†
Michigan	48.5	47.9	46.4	45.4	54.2	74.8	79.6	54.2	54.2	46.8	58.4	56.0	†	†
Minnesota	61.1	63.8	55.2	52.6	60.0	59.7	85.5	54.0	54.0	49.4	56.2	59.7	†	†
Mississippi	37.2	37.6	37.6	37.5	38.8	†	†	34.4	34.4	25.3	50.6	53.3	†	†
Missouri	40.4	44.1	43.2	41.9	46.7	33.3	57.6	36.3	36.3	33.0	53.9	50.8	†	†
Montana	55.3	55.8	55.6	61.2	39.1	50.0	58.4	51.5	51.5	†	50.4	52.9	†	†
Nebraska	40.4	37.8	37.1	35.0	49.1	†	77.1	50.5	50.5	51.4	46.6	51.7	†	†
Nevada	47.4	47.4	47.4	41.3	†	62.4	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
New Hampshire	55.0	54.0	54.0	50.5	62.1	42.5	†	56.2	56.2	57.7	29.7	58.9	†	†
New Jersey	51.8	51.4	45.8	42.2	74.9	†	78.5	53.1	53.1	51.7	55.3	69.7	†	†
New Mexico	40.9	40.5	39.4	39.2	40.7	35.7	48.5	72.5	72.5	†	72.5	†	†	†
New York	45.2	58.5	55.5	49.5	62.8	52.1	67.0	37.2	37.1	33.0	57.3	57.5	66.7	†
North Carolina	41.9	46.4	46.4	45.6	51.5	50.6	†	35.0	35.0	32.6	41.1	45.3	†	†
North Dakota	50.7	50.7	50.4	49.9	50.0	53.4	53.4	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Ohio	49.0	48.0	45.8	44.9	46.9	54.8	68.5	51.6	51.6	47.0	57.5	56.8	†	†
Oklahoma	40.4	39.5	39.1	37.3	46.1	42.3	44.3	46.8	46.8	49.6	41.9	61.5	†	†
Oregon	39.7	37.2	32.1	29.6	52.5	49.7	74.0	51.6	51.6	49.1	12.0	64.4	†	†
Pennsylvania	42.3	43.2	40.2	34.5	63.6	37.1	72.8	41.4	41.5	35.8	52.0	57.2	5.2	†
Rhode Island	58.5	58.4	55.2	50.1	67.1	†	70.3	58.5	58.5	54.7	63.3	†	†	†
South Carolina	42.3	41.5	41.5	37.2	50.3	37.9	43.4	45.3	45.3	67.7	41.1	50.9	48.3	63.6
South Dakota	41.4	40.7	40.7	38.3	45.9	†	†	44.5	44.5	†	49.5	9.3	†	†
Tennessee	45.6	47.3	47.4	45.3	59.9	†	47.2	41.8	41.8	38.3	52.8	38.0	†	†
Texas	40.3	40.8	39.5	39.6	39.7	33.1	50.3	38.4	38.4	35.7	46.8	56.0	†	†
Utah	44.0	40.1	39.2	36.2	48.0	35.9	55.1	63.6	63.6	63.6	†	†	†	†
Vermont	43.1	36.9	36.9	33.3	63.4	44.9	†	56.6	56.6	10.6	59.8	61.8	†	77.8
Virginia	41.4	43.0	43.0	42.5	45.7	52.0	45.7	35.9	35.9	28.3	44.0	59.5	†	†
Washington	53.9	54.2	53.4	48.4	51.3	65.1	68.3	52.7	52.7	52.5	53.6	50.8	†	†
West Virginia	38.4	37.9	40.6	38.0	54.3	38.7	7.8	46.1	46.1	49.1	41.3	50.0	†	†
Wisconsin	42.9	48.7	48.7	47.7	51.5	†	†	30.4	30.4	22.4	48.0	58.7	†	†
Wyoming	45.4	45.4	38.3	38.3	†	†	63.9	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
U.S. Service Academies	57.5	57.5	57.5	†	†	57.5	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†

†Not applicable.

‡Reporting standards not met (too few cases).

1 Institutions that awarded 20 or more doctor's degrees during the previous academic year.

2 Institutions that awarded 20 or more master's degrees, but less than 20 doctor's degrees, during the previous academic year.

NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Includes only institutions with a tenure system. Data include imputations for nonrespondent institutions.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2019, Human Resources component, Fall Staff section. (This table was prepared May 2020.)