Table 314.20.

Employees in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by sex, employment status, control and level of institution, and primary occupation: Selected years, fall 1991 through fall 2018

Sex, employment status, control and level of institution, and primary occupation	1991	1995	1999	2001	2003	2005	2007	2009	2011	2013	2015	2016	2017	2018	Percent change, 2007 to 2018
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
All institutions	2,545,235	2,662,075	2,902,479	3,083,353	3,187,907	3,379,087	3,561,730	3,724,661	3,841,819	3,896,053	3,914,284	3,906,240	3,916,658	3,923,374	10.2
Executive/administrative/managerial	144,755	147,445	160,793	152,038	184,913	196,324	217,039	230,438	238,677	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	†
Faculty (instruction/research/      public service)	826,252	931,706	1,037,529	1,113,183	1,173,593	1,290,426	1,371,587	1,439,074	1,524,469	1,545,381	1,552,256	1,546,081	1,545,653	1,542,613	12.5
Graduate assistants	197,751	215,909	240,995	261,136	292,061	317,141	329,001	343,204	355,916	363,416	366,868	375,204	377,049	382,715	16.3
Other	1,376,477	1,367,015	1,463,162	1,556,996	1,537,340	1,575,196	1,644,103	1,711,945	1,722,757	1,987,256	1,995,160	1,984,955	1,993,956	1,998,046	†
Males	1,227,591	1,274,676	1,375,114	1,451,773	1,496,867	1,581,498	1,650,641	1,710,021	1,754,919	1,772,803	1,776,928	1,775,229	1,774,403	1,767,361	7.1
Executive/administrative/managerial	85,423	82,127	84,425	79,348	91,604	95,223	102,066	106,842	109,336	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	†
Faculty (instruction/research/      public service)	525,599	562,893	608,007	644,514	663,723	714,453	744,047	761,002	789,567	791,971	789,405	783,495	778,873	771,594	3.7
Graduate assistants	119,125	123,962	133,066	142,120	156,881	167,529	173,128	181,328	188,305	191,501	193,202	196,170	196,014	196,792	13.7
Other	497,444	505,694	549,616	585,791	584,659	604,293	631,400	660,849	667,711	789,331	794,321	795,564	799,516	798,975	†
Females	1,317,644	1,387,399	1,527,365	1,631,580	1,691,040	1,797,589	1,911,089	2,014,640	2,086,900	2,123,250	2,137,356	2,131,011	2,142,255	2,156,013	12.8
Executive/administrative/managerial	59,332	65,318	76,368	72,690	93,309	101,101	114,973	123,596	129,341	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	†
Faculty (instruction/research/      public service)	300,653	368,813	429,522	468,669	509,870	575,973	627,540	678,072	734,902	753,410	762,851	762,586	766,780	771,019	22.9
Graduate assistants	78,626	91,947	107,929	119,016	135,180	149,612	155,873	161,876	167,611	171,915	173,666	179,034	181,035	185,923	19.3
Other	879,033	861,321	913,546	971,205	952,681	970,903	1,012,703	1,051,096	1,055,046	1,197,925	1,200,839	1,189,391	1,194,440	1,199,071	†
Full-time	1,812,912	1,801,371	1,926,836	2,043,208	2,083,142	2,179,864	2,281,516	2,382,305	2,435,988	2,472,434	2,507,787	2,506,784	2,531,496	2,549,864	11.8
Executive/administrative/managerial	139,116	140,990	154,584	146,523	178,691	190,078	209,812	222,143	231,559	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	†
Faculty (instruction/research/      public service)	535,623	550,822	593,375	617,868	630,092	675,624	703,757	729,152	762,114	791,378	807,109	813,978	822,513	832,119	18.2
Other	1,138,173	1,109,559	1,178,877	1,278,817	1,274,359	1,314,162	1,367,947	1,431,010	1,442,315	1,681,056	1,700,678	1,692,806	1,708,983	1,717,745	†
Part-time	732,323	860,704	975,643	1,040,145	1,104,765	1,199,223	1,280,214	1,342,356	1,405,831	1,423,619	1,406,497	1,399,456	1,385,162	1,373,510	7.3
Executive/administrative/managerial	5,639	6,455	6,209	5,515	6,222	6,246	7,227	8,295	7,118	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	†
Faculty (instruction/research/      public service)	290,629	380,884	444,154	495,315	543,501	614,802	667,830	709,922	762,355	754,003	745,147	732,103	723,140	710,494	6.4
Graduate assistants	197,751	215,909	240,995	261,136	292,061	317,141	329,001	343,204	355,916	363,416	366,868	375,204	377,049	382,715	16.3
Other	238,304	257,456	284,285	278,179	262,981	261,034	276,156	280,935	280,442	306,200	294,482	292,149	284,973	280,301	†
Public 4-year	1,341,914	1,383,476	1,474,830	1,558,576	1,569,870	1,656,709	1,742,370	1,804,332	1,843,314	1,884,854	1,925,674	1,966,008	1,989,365	2,019,697	15.9
Executive/administrative/managerial	63,674	60,590	64,479	60,245	70,397	74,241	81,162	84,214	84,918	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	†
Faculty (instruction/research/      public service)	358,376	384,399	418,500	438,459	450,123	486,691	518,930	539,946	575,624	601,126	622,283	646,584	656,145	670,734	29.3
Graduate assistants	144,344	178,342	196,802	218,260	239,600	257,578	266,451	275,878	285,905	287,839	291,770	293,954	295,389	299,254	12.3
Other	775,520	760,145	795,049	841,612	809,750	838,199	875,827	904,294	896,867	995,889	1,011,621	1,025,470	1,037,831	1,049,709	†
Private 4-year	734,509	770,004	865,434	912,924	988,895	1,073,764	1,158,196	1,230,409	1,297,376	1,318,760	1,323,899	1,308,587	1,313,901	1,306,916	12.8
Executive/administrative/managerial	57,148	62,314	70,082	65,739	84,306	90,415	102,906	111,616	118,220	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	†
Faculty (instruction/research/      public service)	232,893	262,660	300,756	325,713	364,166	430,305	473,455	498,403	540,018	550,512	558,262	550,073	552,998	545,790	15.3
Graduate assistants	23,989	33,853	38,757	41,611	52,101	59,147	62,550	67,326	70,011	75,537	75,079	81,241	81,638	83,433	33.4
Other	420,479	411,177	455,839	479,861	488,322	493,897	519,285	553,064	569,127	692,711	690,558	677,273	679,265	677,693	†
Public 2-year	441,414	482,454	524,874	578,394	593,466	610,978	619,455	638,361	642,455	642,430	622,754	591,066	577,387	566,458	-8.6
Executive/administrative/managerial	20,772	21,806	21,699	22,566	25,872	26,770	27,363	27,827	27,562	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	†
Faculty (instruction/research/      public service)	222,532	272,434	300,085	332,665	341,643	354,497	357,596	373,842	378,535	367,608	348,708	327,655	316,544	310,101	-13.3
Graduate assistants	29,216	3,401	4,809	1,215	323	374	0	0	0	13	13	9	15	17	†
Other	168,894	184,813	198,281	221,948	225,628	229,337	234,496	236,692	236,358	274,809	274,033	263,402	260,828	256,340	†
Private 2-year	27,398	26,141	37,341	33,459	35,676	37,636	41,709	51,559	58,674	50,009	41,957	40,579	36,005	30,303	-27.3
Executive/administrative/managerial	3,161	2,735	4,533	3,488	4,338	4,898	5,608	6,781	7,977	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	(1 )	†
Faculty (instruction/research/      public service)	12,451	12,213	18,188	16,346	17,661	18,933	21,606	26,883	30,292	26,135	23,003	21,769	19,966	15,988	-26.0
Graduate assistants	202	313	627	50	37	42	0	0	0	27	6	0	7	11	†
Other	11,584	10,880	13,993	13,575	13,640	13,763	14,495	17,895	20,405	23,847	18,948	18,810	16,032	14,304	†

†Not applicable.

1 Included in other Primary occupations were reclassified as of fall 2013; only the faculty and graduate assistant categories are comparable with data from earlier years.

NOTE: Data through 1995 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. Beginning in 2007, includes institutions with fewer than 15 full-time employees; these institutions did not report staff data prior to 2007. By definition, all graduate assistants are part time. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Fall Staff Survey" (IPEDS-S:91-99); IPEDS Winter 2001-02 through Winter 2011-12, Human Resources component, Fall Staff section; and IPEDS Spring 2014 through Spring 2019, Human Resources component, Fall Staff section. (This table was prepared November 2019.)