Table 236.20.

Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education and other related programs, by function and subfunction: Selected years, 1990-91 through 2016-17

Function and subfunction	Expenditures (in thousands of current dollars)									Percentage distribution of    current expenditures for public schools
	1990-91		2000-01	2006-07	2010-11	2013-14	2014-15	2015-16	2016-17	1990-91	2000-01	2006- 07	2010-11	2013-14	2014-15	2015-16	2016-17
1	2		3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
Total expenditures	$229,429,715		$410,811,185	$562,194,807	$604,355,852	$625,018,277	$651,135,383	$677,605,095	$707,601,350	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Current expenditures for      public schools	202,037,752		348,360,841	476,814,206	527,291,339	553,501,209	575,331,825	596,201,554	619,164,572	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Salaries	132,730,931	1	224,305,806	288,146,674	311,541,792	318,705,822	328,252,700	339,731,757	349,913,306	65.70	64.39	60.43	59.08	57.58	57.05	56.98	56.51
Employee benefits	33,954,456	1	57,976,490	95,308,994	111,750,200	123,655,529	130,868,877	136,788,690	145,381,103	16.81	16.64	19.99	21.19	22.34	22.75	22.94	23.48
Purchased services	16,380,643	1	31,778,754	46,266,516	53,498,786	58,171,703	61,118,818	64,572,861	66,905,790	8.11	9.12	9.70	10.15	10.51	10.62	10.83	10.81
Tuition	1,192,505	1	2,458,366	3,951,411	4,988,203	5,296,241	5,572,087	5,743,719	6,135,308	0.59	0.71	0.83	0.95	0.96	0.97	0.96	0.99
Supplies	14,805,956	1	28,262,078	38,378,936	40,417,163	42,895,737	43,793,547	43,774,032	44,771,753	7.33	8.11	8.05	7.67	7.75	7.61	7.34	7.23
Other	2,973,261	1	3,579,347	4,761,675	5,095,195	4,776,178	5,725,796	5,590,495	6,057,312	1.47	1.03	1.00	0.97	0.86	1.00	0.94	0.98
Instruction	122,223,362		214,333,003	290,678,482	322,536,983	336,426,927	349,453,258	363,106,915	376,069,486	60.50	61.53	60.96	61.17	60.78	60.74	60.90	60.74
Salaries	90,742,284		154,512,089	196,900,968	212,998,609	217,274,753	223,044,251	230,477,780	236,792,085	44.91	44.35	41.30	40.39	39.25	38.77	38.66	38.24
Employee benefits	22,347,524		39,522,678	64,153,369	75,248,811	83,946,609	88,840,559	92,808,865	98,321,490	11.06	11.35	13.45	14.27	15.17	15.44	15.57	15.88
Purchased services	2,722,639		6,430,708	10,997,609	14,694,620	15,177,204	16,559,278	18,048,424	18,476,414	1.35	1.85	2.31	2.79	2.74	2.88	3.03	2.98
Tuition	1,192,505		2,458,366	3,951,411	4,988,203	5,296,241	5,572,087	5,743,719	6,135,308	0.59	0.71	0.83	0.95	0.96	0.97	0.96	0.99
Supplies	4,584,754		10,377,554	13,359,899	13,135,284	13,344,523	14,060,733	14,602,677	14,900,908	2.27	2.98	2.80	2.49	2.41	2.44	2.45	2.41
Textbooks	---		---	2,779,800	2,324,846	2,321,424	2,438,331	2,540,299	2,636,445	---	---	0.58	0.44	0.42	0.42	0.43	0.43
Other	633,656		1,031,608	1,315,226	1,471,457	1,387,596	1,376,350	1,425,450	1,443,281	0.31	0.30	0.28	0.28	0.25	0.24	0.24	0.23
Student support2	8,926,010		17,292,756	25,207,881	29,368,646	30,754,056	32,363,375	34,013,896	35,946,038	4.42	4.96	5.29	5.57	5.56	5.63	5.71	5.81
Salaries	6,565,965		12,354,464	16,868,875	19,367,865	19,823,136	20,658,101	21,598,398	22,550,036	3.25	3.55	3.54	3.67	3.58	3.59	3.62	3.64
Employee benefits	1,660,082		3,036,037	5,352,820	6,533,691	7,315,689	7,872,711	8,360,099	9,135,154	0.82	0.87	1.12	1.24	1.32	1.37	1.40	1.48
Purchased services	455,996		1,328,600	2,141,301	2,583,714	2,850,087	3,024,871	3,202,463	3,390,784	0.23	0.38	0.45	0.49	0.51	0.53	0.54	0.55
Supplies	191,482		421,838	521,050	521,729	564,419	599,269	628,105	645,129	0.09	0.12	0.11	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.11	0.10
Other	52,485		151,817	323,835	361,647	200,727	208,422	224,831	224,936	0.03	0.04	0.07	0.07	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04
Instructional staff
services3	8,467,142		15,926,856	23,156,534	24,893,140	25,354,104	26,953,637	28,015,976	29,169,348	4.19	4.57	4.86	4.72	4.58	4.68	4.70	4.71
Salaries	5,560,129		9,790,767	13,753,355	14,490,521	14,685,427	15,490,102	16,082,881	16,712,372	2.75	2.81	2.88	2.75	2.65	2.69	2.70	2.70
Employee benefits	1,408,217		2,356,440	4,225,114	4,933,118	5,234,451	5,640,401	5,899,056	6,354,157	0.70	0.68	0.89	0.94	0.95	0.98	0.99	1.03
Purchased services	622,487		2,003,598	3,071,613	3,438,979	3,444,243	3,659,324	3,942,599	3,966,323	0.31	0.58	0.64	0.65	0.62	0.64	0.66	0.64
Supplies	776,863		1,566,954	1,894,927	1,810,950	1,786,877	1,950,698	1,875,189	1,920,987	0.38	0.45	0.40	0.34	0.32	0.34	0.31	0.31
Other	99,445		209,097	211,525	219,573	203,106	213,112	216,251	215,509	0.05	0.06	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03
General administration	5,791,253		7,108,291	9,338,308	10,494,526	11,117,393	11,535,748	12,052,726	12,305,191	2.87	2.04	1.96	1.99	2.01	2.01	2.02	1.99
Salaries	2,603,562		3,351,554	4,024,030	4,401,697	4,622,952	4,746,838	4,883,367	5,074,357	1.29	0.96	0.84	0.83	0.84	0.83	0.82	0.82
Employee benefits	777,381		1,000,698	1,560,360	1,856,221	1,915,512	2,036,756	2,089,102	2,243,394	0.38	0.29	0.33	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.35	0.36
Purchased services	1,482,427		2,099,032	2,902,431	3,236,857	3,585,418	3,735,708	4,037,348	3,903,190	0.73	0.60	0.61	0.61	0.65	0.65	0.68	0.63
Supplies	172,898		206,137	227,885	228,417	237,184	249,401	265,647	276,833	0.09	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04
Other	754,985		450,870	623,601	771,334	756,327	767,045	777,262	807,418	0.37	0.13	0.13	0.15	0.14	0.13	0.13	0.13
School administration	11,695,344		19,580,890	26,875,507	28,660,307	30,420,650	31,792,450	33,200,151	34,568,941	5.79	5.62	5.64	5.44	5.50	5.53	5.57	5.58
Salaries	8,935,903		14,817,213	19,209,872	20,191,545	21,132,933	21,921,938	22,759,806	23,536,654	4.42	4.25	4.03	3.83	3.82	3.81	3.82	3.80
Employee benefits	2,257,783		3,689,689	6,092,292	6,972,708	7,718,180	8,194,129	8,633,567	9,222,994	1.12	1.06	1.28	1.32	1.39	1.42	1.45	1.49
Purchased services	247,750		611,638	947,665	931,765	973,307	1,067,751	1,159,015	1,145,693	0.12	0.18	0.20	0.18	0.18	0.19	0.19	0.19
Supplies	189,711		369,257	481,794	426,864	435,766	443,385	475,970	485,616	0.09	0.11	0.10	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08
Other	64,197		93,093	143,884	137,426	160,463	165,248	171,794	177,984	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
Operation and      maintenance	21,290,655		34,034,158	46,828,916	50,214,709	53,051,141	54,200,172	55,045,039	57,433,468	10.54	9.77	9.82	9.52	9.58	9.42	9.23	9.28
Salaries	8,849,559		13,461,242	16,837,148	17,604,634	17,846,272	18,205,576	18,735,694	19,288,241	4.38	3.86	3.53	3.34	3.22	3.16	3.14	3.12
Employee benefits	2,633,075		3,778,520	6,276,703	7,195,927	7,694,270	8,024,419	8,293,750	8,794,259	1.30	1.08	1.32	1.36	1.39	1.39	1.39	1.42
Purchased services	5,721,125		9,642,217	12,650,704	13,351,922	15,022,138	15,514,037	15,895,748	16,881,488	2.83	2.77	2.65	2.53	2.71	2.70	2.67	2.73
Supplies	3,761,738		6,871,845	10,648,015	11,638,187	12,078,609	12,047,041	11,728,040	12,075,145	1.86	1.97	2.23	2.21	2.18	2.09	1.97	1.95
Other	325,157		280,334	416,345	424,039	409,852	409,098	391,807	394,335	0.16	0.08	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.06
Student transportation	8,678,954		14,052,654	19,979,068	22,370,807	23,845,036	23,961,692	24,325,727	25,350,286	4.30	4.03	4.19	4.24	4.31	4.16	4.08	4.09
Salaries	3,285,127		5,406,092	7,080,752	7,527,611	7,683,616	7,897,110	8,198,056	8,513,080	1.63	1.55	1.49	1.43	1.39	1.37	1.38	1.37
Employee benefits	892,985		1,592,127	2,719,742	3,124,937	3,296,150	3,412,883	3,599,805	3,808,782	0.44	0.46	0.57	0.59	0.60	0.59	0.60	0.62
Purchased services	3,345,232		5,767,462	8,085,392	9,153,621	9,926,270	10,063,360	10,392,864	10,819,968	1.66	1.66	1.70	1.74	1.79	1.75	1.74	1.75
Supplies	961,447		1,159,350	1,937,360	2,370,182	2,695,508	2,356,982	1,886,842	1,955,427	0.48	0.33	0.41	0.45	0.49	0.41	0.32	0.32
Other	194,163		127,623	155,822	194,456	243,492	231,357	248,160	253,029	0.10	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04
Other support services4	5,587,837		11,439,134	15,514,445	17,246,807	19,034,045	20,885,114	21,595,016	22,981,403	2.77	3.28	3.25	3.27	3.44	3.63	3.62	3.71
Salaries	2,900,394		5,521,381	7,140,671	8,139,084	8,618,767	9,104,041	9,565,073	9,879,480	1.44	1.58	1.50	1.54	1.56	1.58	1.60	1.60
Employee benefits	980,859		1,594,540	2,658,808	3,295,052	3,694,720	3,912,721	4,061,850	4,313,953	0.49	0.46	0.56	0.62	0.67	0.68	0.68	0.70
Purchased services	798,922		2,783,176	3,664,598	3,876,650	4,671,337	4,853,416	5,120,351	5,442,999	0.40	0.80	0.77	0.74	0.84	0.84	0.86	0.88
Supplies	294,527		626,889	874,764	876,293	1,097,951	1,163,493	1,241,221	1,337,399	0.15	0.18	0.18	0.17	0.20	0.20	0.21	0.22
Other	613,135		913,148	1,175,605	1,059,728	951,270	1,851,443	1,606,520	2,007,572	0.30	0.26	0.25	0.20	0.17	0.32	0.27	0.32
Food services	8,430,490		13,816,635	18,150,488	20,394,768	22,342,085	23,064,706	23,643,250	24,095,216	4.17	3.97	3.81	3.87	4.04	4.01	3.97	3.89
Salaries	---		4,966,092	6,092,744	6,482,085	6,699,499	6,873,015	7,098,376	7,215,563	---	1.43	1.28	1.23	1.21	1.19	1.19	1.17
Employee benefits	---		1,381,923	2,186,495	2,492,673	2,731,484	2,818,033	2,923,479	3,055,407	---	0.40	0.46	0.47	0.49	0.49	0.49	0.49
Purchased services	---		923,091	1,558,949	2,058,018	2,335,017	2,460,967	2,566,875	2,671,160	---	0.26	0.33	0.39	0.42	0.43	0.43	0.43
Supplies	---		6,420,201	8,123,362	9,118,886	10,333,931	10,628,481	10,753,015	10,843,608	---	1.84	1.70	1.73	1.87	1.85	1.80	1.75
Other	---		125,327	188,937	243,105	242,155	284,209	301,505	309,478	---	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.05
Enterprise operations5	946,705		776,463	1,084,578	1,110,646	1,155,773	1,121,673	1,202,858	1,245,194	0.47	0.22	0.23	0.21	0.21	0.19	0.20	0.20
Salaries	---		124,913	238,259	338,141	318,467	311,727	332,327	351,440	---	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.06
Employee benefits	---		23,837	83,290	97,063	108,464	116,266	119,116	131,513	---	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
Purchased services	---		189,230	246,253	172,641	186,682	180,106	207,176	207,769	---	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
Supplies	---		242,052	309,881	290,372	320,969	294,064	317,326	330,702	---	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.05
Other	---		196,430	206,895	212,430	221,191	219,510	226,914	223,771	---	0.06	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04
Current expenditures for      other programs	3,295,717		6,063,700	7,804,253	8,161,474	7,926,285	7,713,966	7,913,839	8,660,874	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Community services	964,370		2,426,189	3,105,955	3,269,802	3,187,692	3,279,485	3,426,859	3,576,730	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Private school programs	527,609		1,026,695	1,445,984	1,427,539	1,431,807	1,590,684	1,662,359	1,674,995	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Adult education	1,365,523		1,838,265	2,047,409	2,013,156	1,804,646	1,815,963	1,946,215	2,039,281	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Community colleges	5,356		351	31,352	34,045	30,906	28,238	29,113	10,659	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Other	432,858		772,200	1,173,552	1,416,931	1,471,234	999,597	849,293	1,359,209	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Capital outlay6	19,771,478		46,220,704	62,863,465	50,968,815	46,438,323	50,610,125	55,989,128	61,441,963	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Public schools	19,655,496		46,078,494	62,763,411	50,888,951	46,297,257	50,448,404	55,841,211	61,280,584	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Other current      expenditures	115,982		142,210	100,054	79,864	141,066	161,722	147,917	161,379	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Interest on school debt	4,324,768		10,165,940	14,712,882	17,934,224	17,152,459	17,479,466	17,500,574	18,333,942	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†

---Not available.

†Not applicable.

1 Includes estimated data for subfunctions of food services and enterprise operations.

2 Includes expenditures for guidance, health, attendance, and speech pathology services.

3 Includes expenditures for curriculum development, staff training, libraries, and media and computer centers.

4 Includes business support services concerned with paying, transporting, exchanging, and maintaining goods and services for local education agencies; central support services, including planning, research, evaluation, information, staff, and data processing services; and other support services.

5 Includes expenditures for operations funded by sales of products or services (e.g., school bookstore or computer time). Includes very small amounts for direct program support made by state education agencies for local school districts.

6 Includes expenditures for property and for buildings and alterations completed by school district staff or contractors.

NOTE: Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "National Public Education Financial Survey," 1990-91 through 2016-17. (This table was prepared August 2019.)