Table 232.65a.

Percentages of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders reporting use of heroin and narcotics other than heroin during the past 12 months, by grade and selected student and family characteristics: 2017

[Standard errors appear in parentheses]
Grade and selected student or family characteristic	Use of heroin									Use of narcotics other than heroin1
	Total, any heroin use2			With a needle			Without a needle			Any narcotics other than heroin3			OxyContin			Vicodin
1	2			3			4			5			6			7
8th-graders, total	0.3		(0.05)	0.2		(0.04)	0.3		(0.05)	—		(†)	0.8		(0.12)	0.7		(0.13)
Sex
Male	0.2		(0.04)	0.2		(0.04)	0.2		(0.04)	—		(†)	1.0		(0.12)	0.9		(0.12)
Female	0.4		(0.06)	0.3		(0.05)	0.3		(0.05)	—		(†)	0.6		(0.08)	0.4		(0.08)
Race/ethnicity (2-year average)4
White	0.2		(0.05)	0.1	!	(0.04)	0.1	!	(0.04)	—		(†)	0.5		(0.09)	0.6		(0.11)
Black	0.2		(0.05)	0.2		(0.05)	0.1	!	(0.04)	—		(†)	1.8		(0.15)	1.1		(0.13)
Hispanic	0.4		(0.07)	0.2		(0.05)	0.3		(0.06)	—		(†)	0.9		(0.10)	0.6		(0.10)
College plans
No college or less than 4 years5	1.7		(0.12)	1.1		(0.10)	1.3		(0.11)	—		(†)	3.2		(0.18)	2.7		(0.16)
Complete 4-year program6	0.2		(0.04)	0.1		(0.03)	0.1		(0.03)	—		(†)	0.6		(0.08)	0.4		(0.08)
Parental education index7
1.0-2.0 (low)	1.0		(0.09)	0.7		(0.08)	0.5		(0.07)	—		(†)	2.5		(0.16)	1.4		(0.13)
2.5-3.0	0.3		(0.05)	0.2		(0.04)	0.3		(0.05)	—		(†)	0.3		(0.06)	0.5		(0.08)
3.5-4.0	0.3		(0.05)	0.2		(0.04)	0.3		(0.05)	—		(†)	1.2		(0.11)	0.6		(0.09)
4.5-5.0	#		(†)	#		(†)	#		(†)	—		(†)	0.4		(0.06)	0.4		(0.07)
5.5-6.0 (high)	0.3		(0.05)	0.1		(0.03)	0.2		(0.04)	—		(†)	0.6		(0.08)	0.4		(0.07)
Metropolitan status of school8
Large metropolitan	0.4		(0.06)	0.3		(0.05)	0.3		(0.05)	—		(†)	0.5		(0.09)	0.4		(0.10)
Other metropolitan	0.4		(0.06)	0.2		(0.04)	0.3		(0.05)	—		(†)	1.0		(0.13)	1.0		(0.16)
Nonmetropolitan	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.1	!	(0.03)	—		(†)	0.7		(0.11)	0.2	!	(0.07)
Region
Northeast	0.2		(0.04)	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.2		(0.04)	—		(†)	0.2		(0.06)	‡		(†)
Midwest	0.3		(0.05)	0.3		(0.05)	0.2		(0.04)	—		(†)	0.7		(0.11)	1.0		(0.16)
South	0.3		(0.05)	0.2		(0.04)	0.2		(0.04)	—		(†)	0.9		(0.12)	0.5		(0.11)
West	0.7		(0.08)	0.3		(0.05)	0.5		(0.07)	—		(†)	1.2		(0.14)	0.9		(0.15)
10th-graders, total	0.2		(0.05)	0.2		(0.05)	0.1	!	(0.03)	—		(†)	2.2		(0.20)	1.5		(0.21)
Sex
Male	0.2		(0.04)	0.2		(0.04)	0.2		(0.04)	—		(†)	1.9		(0.17)	1.4		(0.16)
Female	0.2		(0.05)	0.2		(0.05)	0.1	!	(0.03)	—		(†)	2.4		(0.17)	1.5		(0.17)
Race/ethnicity (2-year average)4
White	0.2		(0.05)	0.2		(0.05)	0.1	!	(0.04)	—		(†)	2.3		(0.20)	1.8		(0.20)
Black	0.4		(0.08)	0.3		(0.07)	0.0		(0.00)	—		(†)	1.6		(0.15)	1.2		(0.15)
Hispanic	0.4		(0.08)	0.4		(0.08)	0.2		(0.05)	—		(†)	2.2		(0.17)	1.5		(0.16)
College plans
No college or less than 4 years5	0.7		(0.08)	0.6		(0.08)	0.4		(0.06)	—		(†)	4.6		(0.23)	3.7		(0.20)
Complete 4-year program6	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.1	!	(0.03)	—		(†)	1.9		(0.15)	1.2		(0.15)
Parental education index7
1.0-2.0 (low)	0.6		(0.08)	0.6		(0.08)	0.2		(0.04)	—		(†)	2.3		(0.16)	2.4		(0.18)
2.5-3.0	0.3		(0.05)	0.2		(0.04)	0.1	!	(0.03)	—		(†)	2.7		(0.18)	1.1		(0.12)
3.5-4.0	0.2		(0.04)	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.2		(0.04)	—		(†)	2.3		(0.16)	1.1		(0.12)
4.5-5.0	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.0		(0.00)	—		(†)	2.6		(0.17)	1.6		(0.15)
5.5-6.0 (high)	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.1	!	(0.03)	—		(†)	0.9		(0.10)	1.3		(0.13)
Metropolitan status of school8
Large metropolitan	0.3		(0.06)	0.2		(0.05)	0.1	!	(0.03)	—		(†)	1.9		(0.19)	1.5		(0.21)
Other metropolitan	0.2		(0.05)	0.2		(0.05)	0.1	!	(0.03)	—		(†)	2.1		(0.20)	1.3		(0.19)
Nonmetropolitan	0.3		(0.06)	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.2		(0.05)	—		(†)	2.9		(0.23)	1.8		(0.23)
Region
Northeast	0.2		(0.05)	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.2		(0.05)	—		(†)	1.2		(0.15)	1.0		(0.17)
Midwest	0.4		(0.07)	0.3		(0.06)	0.2		(0.05)	—		(†)	1.8		(0.18)	1.3		(0.19)
South	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.1	!	(0.03)	—		(†)	3.0		(0.24)	1.5		(0.21)
West	0.3		(0.06)	0.2		(0.05)	0.1	!	(0.03)	—		(†)	2.1		(0.20)	1.9		(0.24)
12th-graders, total	0.4		(0.07)	0.2		(0.05)	0.2		(0.05)	4.2		(0.29)	2.7		(0.23)	2.0		(0.25)
Sex
Male	0.4		(0.06)	0.2		(0.05)	0.1	!	(0.03)	5.3		(0.29)	3.4		(0.23)	2.2		(0.20)
Female	0.3		(0.06)	0.2		(0.05)	0.2		(0.05)	3.2		(0.20)	1.8		(0.15)	1.5		(0.18)
Race/ethnicity (2-year average)4
White	0.2		(0.05)	0.2		(0.05)	0.2		(0.05)	5.0		(0.31)	3.0		(0.24)	2.5		(0.24)
Black	0.5		(0.09)	0.4		(0.08)	0.3		(0.07)	3.2		(0.22)	2.5		(0.19)	1.8		(0.18)
Hispanic	0.4		(0.08)	0.3		(0.07)	0.2		(0.06)	3.8		(0.23)	3.3		(0.21)	2.3		(0.21)
College plans
No college or less than 4 years5	0.7		(0.09)	0.4		(0.07)	0.4		(0.07)	6.0		(0.27)	4.5		(0.23)	2.7		(0.18)
Complete 4-year program6	0.2		(0.05)	0.2		(0.05)	0.2		(0.05)	3.8		(0.22)	2.1		(0.16)	1.7		(0.19)
Parental education index7
1.0-2.0 (low)	0.7		(0.08)	0.6		(0.08)	0.4		(0.06)	3.3		(0.20)	3.7		(0.21)	2.0		(0.17)
2.5-3.0	0.6		(0.08)	0.3		(0.06)	0.1	!	(0.03)	5.1		(0.25)	3.4		(0.20)	2.5		(0.19)
3.5-4.0	0.3		(0.06)	0.2		(0.05)	0.3		(0.06)	4.6		(0.24)	2.8		(0.19)	2.0		(0.17)
4.5-5.0	0.2		(0.05)	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.1	!	(0.03)	3.7		(0.21)	1.6		(0.14)	1.2		(0.13)
5.5-6.0 (high)	0.2		(0.05)	0.3		(0.06)	0.2		(0.05)	4.6		(0.24)	2.8		(0.19)	2.0		(0.17)
Metropolitan status of school8
Large metropolitan	0.3		(0.06)	0.2		(0.05)	0.1	!	(0.03)	3.4		(0.26)	2.0		(0.20)	2.0		(0.25)
Other metropolitan	0.4		(0.07)	0.3		(0.06)	0.3		(0.06)	4.6		(0.30)	3.4		(0.26)	2.0		(0.25)
Nonmetropolitan	0.5		(0.08)	0.2		(0.05)	0.2		(0.05)	4.9		(0.31)	2.5		(0.22)	1.7		(0.23)
Region
Northeast	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.0		(0.00)	3.0		(0.25)	2.0		(0.20)	1.5		(0.22)
Midwest	0.2		(0.05)	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.0		(0.00)	3.7		(0.27)	2.1		(0.21)	2.5		(0.28)
South	0.6		(0.08)	0.4		(0.07)	0.4		(0.07)	4.9		(0.31)	3.1		(0.25)	1.9		(0.24)
West	0.4		(0.07)	0.1	!	(0.03)	0.2		(0.05)	4.5		(0.30)	3.1		(0.25)	1.8		(0.24)

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.

‡Reporting standards not met. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is 50 percent or greater.

1 Only drug use not under a doctor's orders is included.

2 In the total for heroin use, students who reported using heroin both with a needle and without a needle were counted only once.

3 In addition to OxyContin and Vicodin, includes other types of narcotics not shown separately.

4 Data for 2017 and 2016 have been combined to increase sample sizes for the racial/ethnic groups and thus produce more stable estimates.

5 Students who reported they probably won't or definitely won't graduate from a 4-year college program.

6 Students who reported they probably will or definitely will graduate from a 4-year college program.

7 An average of mother's education level and father's education level based on student reports of the highest level of education attained by each parent and computed using the following scale: (1) completed grade school or less, (2) some high school, (3) completed high school, (4) some college, (5) completed college, and (6) graduate or professional school after college. If a student reported data for only one parent, then only one parent's education level is included for that student.

8 Refers to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status of the student's school as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Categories include "large MSA (Large metropolitan)," "other MSA (Other metropolitan)," and "non-MSA (Nonmetropolitan)."

NOTE: Standard errors were calculated from formulas to perform single-year subgroup comparisons. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity.

SOURCE: University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Monitoring the Future, 2017, retrieved July 3, 2018, from http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/occpapers/mtf-occ90.pdf. (This table was prepared July 2018.)