Table 206.10.

Number and percentage of homeschooled students ages 5 through 17 with a grade equivalent of kindergarten through 12th grade, by selected child, parent, and household characteristics: Selected years, 1999 through 2016

[Standard errors appear in parentheses]
Selected child, parent, or household characteristic	1999						2003						2007						2012						2016
	Number home-schooled1 (in thousands)			Percent home-schooled1			Number home-schooled1 (in thousands)			Percent home-schooled1			Number home-schooled1 (in thousands)			Percent home-schooled1			Number home-schooled1,2 (in thousands)			Percent home-schooled1,2			Number home-schooled1 (in thousands)			Percent home-schooled1
1	2			3			4			5			6			7			8			9			10			11
Total	850		(71.1)	1.7		(0.14)	1,096		(92.3)	2.2		(0.18)	1,520		(118.0)	3.0		(0.23)	1,773		(115.7)	3.4		(0.23)	1,690		(118.4)	3.3		(0.23)
Sex of child
Male	417		(43.9)	1.6		(0.17)	569		(61.9)	2.2		(0.24)	639		(75.1)	2.4		(0.28)	875		(73.7)	3.3		(0.28)	807		(79.2)	3.0		(0.30)
Female	434		(46.1)	1.8		(0.19)	527		(58.2)	2.1		(0.23)	881		(97.4)	3.5		(0.39)	898		(80.3)	3.6		(0.32)	882		(74.8)	3.5		(0.29)
Race/ethnicity of child
White	640		(62.3)	2.0		(0.19)	843		(77.5)	2.7		(0.25)	1,171		(102.2)	3.9		(0.34)	1,205		(95.7)	4.5		(0.35)	998		(92.6)	3.8		(0.35)
Black	84		(24.8)	1.0		(0.31)	103	!	(33.9)	1.3	!	(0.42)	61	!	(21.2)	0.8	!	(0.28)	140		(37.1)	2.0		(0.52)	132		(27.6)	1.9		(0.39)
Hispanic	77		(17.7)	1.1		(0.25)	59	!	(21.1)	0.7		(0.26)	147		(27.5)	1.5		(0.29)	265		(41.1)	2.3		(0.35)	444		(62.2)	3.5		(0.50)
Asian/Pacific Islander	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	73	!	(21.9)	2.8	!	(0.9)	44		(12.6)	1.4		(0.40)
Asian	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	42		(12.0)	1.4		(0.40)
Pacific Islander	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
American Indian/Alaska Native	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
Other3	16	!	(6.4)	1.6	!	(0.62)	59	!	(26.9)	4.9	!	(2.13)	111		(29.5)	4.8		(1.30)	82		(16.3)	3.2		(0.61)	69		(15.2)	2.7		(0.62)
Grade equivalent4
Kindergarten through grade 5	428		(48.1)	1.8		(0.20)	472		(55.3)	1.9		(0.23)	717		(83.8)	3.0		(0.36)	833		(84.8)	3.2		(0.33)	767		(74.4)	3.0		(0.29)
Kindergarten	92		(19.7)	2.4		(0.52)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	212		(47.3)	4.0		(0.9)	181		(40.7)	3.5		(0.80)
Grades 1 through 3	199		(36.7)	1.6		(0.29)	214		(33.3)	1.8		(0.28)	406		(64.5)	3.4		(0.54)	353		(50.9)	2.9		(0.42)	300		(34.1)	2.4		(0.28)
Grades 4 and 5	136		(22.5)	1.7		(0.28)	160		(30.1)	1.9		(0.35)	197		(41.4)	2.5		(0.52)	268		(44.2)	3.2		(0.52)	287		(51.8)	3.4		(0.62)
Grades 6 through 8	186		(28.0)	1.6		(0.24)	302		(44.9)	2.4		(0.36)	371		(65.3)	3.0		(0.53)	424		(49.0)	3.5		(0.41)	398		(49.1)	3.3		(0.41)
Grades 9 through 12	235		(33.3)	1.7		(0.24)	315		(47.0)	2.3		(0.33)	422		(58.2)	2.8		(0.38)	516		(53.6)	3.8		(0.39)	525		(55.9)	3.8		(0.40)
Number of children in the household
One child	132		(18.0)	1.3		(0.17)	110		(22.3)	1.4		(0.27)	197		(32.5)	2.3		(0.38)	418		(29.6)	3.4		(0.23)	338		(35.5)	2.7		(0.27)
Two children	248		(28.4)	1.3		(0.15)	306		(45.1)	1.5		(0.22)	414		(67.2)	2.0		(0.32)	493		(51.5)	2.5		(0.26)	475		(55.3)	2.3		(0.27)
Three or more children	470		(63.9)	2.3		(0.31)	679		(80.2)	3.1		(0.36)	909		(102.4)	4.1		(0.46)	862		(88.4)	4.5		(0.47)	877		(84.8)	4.7		(0.45)
Number of parents in the household
Two parents	683		(68.3)	2.1		(0.21)	886		(82.7)	2.5		(0.23)	1,357		(111.5)	3.6		(0.30)	1,354		(104.2)	3.8		(0.29)	1358		(103.7)	3.7		(0.28)
One parent	142		(25.0)	0.9		(0.16)	196		(42.6)	1.5		(0.32)	118		(28.4)	1.0		(0.24)	342		(51.6)	2.5		(0.37)	293		(38.4)	2.3		(0.30)
Nonparental guardians	25	!	(14.4)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	77	!	(31.9)	4.0	!	(1.6)	38		(9.9)	2.0		(0.54)
Parent participation in the labor force
Two parents–both in labor force	237		(39.8)	1.0		(0.17)	274		(44.1)	1.1		(0.18)	518		(76.2)	2.0		(0.29)	588		(63.5)	2.5		(0.27)	427		(56.5)	1.7		(0.23)
Two parents–one in labor force	444		(53.9)	4.6		(0.55)	594		(73.7)	5.6		(0.67)	808		(94.3)	7.5		(0.82)	719		(76.3)	6.2		(0.65)	935		(87.8)	7.2		(0.68)
One parent–in labor force	98		(21.8)	0.7		(0.16)	174		(39.8)	1.4		(0.33)	127		(29.5)	1.3		(0.30)	247		(40.9)	2.2		(0.36)	189		(29.6)	1.8		(0.29)
No parent participation in labor force	71		(18.8)	1.9		(0.48)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	130		(31.9)	4.8		(1.15)	139		(23.9)	4.0		(0.72)
Highest education level of parents
High school diploma or less	160		(26.5)	0.9		(0.15)	269		(51.6)	1.7		(0.32)	208		(35.5)	1.5		(0.24)	560		(81.7)	3.4		(0.50)	510		(66.1)	3.3		(0.43)
Vocational/technical, associate's       degree, or some college	287		(37.3)	1.9		(0.24)	338		(57.7)	2.1		(0.36)	559		(77.5)	3.8		(0.52)	525		(45.6)	3.4		(0.29)	418		(49.2)	3.1		(0.36)
Bachelor's degree/some graduate school	213		(36.2)	2.6		(0.42)	309		(48.5)	2.8		(0.45)	444		(64.7)	3.9		(0.57)	434		(51.4)	3.7		(0.43)	501		(64.0)	3.6		(0.45)
Graduate/professional degree	190		(39.8)	2.3		(0.46)	180		(41.6)	2.3		(0.55)	309		(50.0)	2.9		(0.46)	255		(27.3)	3.3		(0.36)	260		(30.7)	3.0		(0.35)
Household income5
$20,000 or less	184		(35.2)	1.5		(0.28)	164		(38.9)	1.8		(0.43)	186		(42.1)	2.2		(0.50)	219		(41.8)	2.9		(0.56)	184		(29.0)	2.9		(0.46)
$20,001 to $50,000	356		(42.9)	1.8		(0.22)	430		(60.3)	2.6		(0.36)	420		(59.8)	3.1		(0.42)	528		(65.5)	3.8		(0.47)	483		(59.4)	3.7		(0.46)
$50,001 to $75,000	162		(25.5)	1.9		(0.30)	264		(51.1)	2.4		(0.46)	414		(58.8)	4.0		(0.57)	370		(48.9)	3.9		(0.53)	435		(58.6)	4.8		(0.65)
$75,001 to $100,000	148		(26.5)	1.5		(0.28)	169		(42.9)	2.6		(0.66)	264		(57.2)	3.8		(0.83)	288		(47.3)	4.2		(0.69)	268		(38.4)	3.8		(0.55)
Over $100,000	—		(†)	—		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	236		(57.5)	2.0		(0.49)	367		(42.8)	2.7		(0.31)	319		(39.0)	1.9		(0.24)
Locale
City	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	327		(40.4)	2.0		(0.26)	493		(59.5)	3.3		(0.40)	493		(56.0)	3.0		(0.33)
Suburban	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	503		(78.8)	2.6		(0.41)	601		(66.8)	3.1		(0.34)	651		(76.2)	2.9		(0.33)
Town	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	168		(37.1)	3.0		(0.65)	127		(30.8)	2.6		(0.63)	177		(30.0)	4.3		(0.70)
Rural	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	—		(†)	523		(75.9)	4.9		(0.71)	552		(68.2)	4.5		(0.55)	368		(45.1)	4.4		(0.54)

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.

‡Reporting standards not met (too few cases for a reliable estimate).

1 Excludes students who were enrolled in school for more than 25 hours a week. Also excludes students who were homeschooled only due to a temporary illness.

2 The National Center for Education Statistics uses a statistical adjustment for estimates of homeschoolers in 2012. For more information about this adjustment, please see Homeschooling in the United States: 2012 (NCES 2016-096REV).

3 Includes Two or more races and race/ethnicity not reported.

4 Students whose grade equivalent was "ungraded" were excluded from the grade analysis. The percentage of students with an "ungraded" grade equivalent was 0.02 percent in 2003 and 2007. There were no students with an "ungraded" grade equivalent in 2012.

5 For 1999, estimates combine the "$75,001 to $100,000" and "Over $100,000" categories.

NOTE: While National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES) administrations prior to 2012 were administered via telephone with an interviewer, NHES:2012 and NHES:2016 used self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaires that were mailed to respondents. Measurable differences between estimates for years prior to 2012 and estimates for later years could reflect actual changes in the population, or the changes could be due to the mode change from telephone to mail. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Parent Survey and Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (Parent-NHES:1999 and PFI-NHES:2003, 2007, 2012, and 2016). (This table was prepared February 2018.)